Engineering Commons^™

Biomanufacturing Of Micro-Myocardial Tissue Through Suspension Differentiation With Improved Yields, Purity, And Quality, Asher M. Kahn-Krell

All ETDs from UAB

Despite major advances in revascularization and drug therapy for post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF), heart transplantation remains the only curative therapy to prevent progressive and debilitating disease. Researchers have long sought a replenishable and expandable source of cardiomyocytes (CMs), the primary functional cell in the heart muscle, for a broad array of applications related to the treatment of HF ranging from direct implantation to high throughput drug testing. The lack of cell cycle activity and cell division in adult CMs prevented the development of an expandable primary cell line. However, with the discovery of high efficiency stem cell differentiation …

Mechanotransduction Signaling On Ovarian Cancer Results In Increased Proliferation, Migration, And Chemoresistance In 2d And 3d In Vitro And In Vivo Models, Molly Buckley

All ETDs from UAB

Mechanical forces imparted on an ovarian tumor have recently been shown to have a grave impact on cancer development, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The forces present include compression throughout the tumor, intrinsic and extrinsic shear stresses from ascitic fluid present in the peritoneal cavity as well as blood flow through the tumor via leaky and disorganized vessels created through tumor angiogenesis, and tension at the tumor periphery because of the constantly growing mass. Studies of the signaling pathways impacted by these mechanical forces could give great insight into new therapeu-tic targets for ovarian cancer, however, these studies have been severely …

Engineering Studies Towards Simultaneous Imaging Of Membrane Potential And Calcium Transients In Beating Hearts, Garrett Wood

All ETDs from UAB

Optical mapping uses fluorescent reporters to image propagation of signals like transmembrane potential (Vm) and/or calcium transients (CaT) in the heart with high spatiotemporal resolution. Simultaneous optical mapping of transmembrane potential and intracellular free calcium has been described in motionless ex vivo heart preparations, but simultaneous optical mapping of voltage and calcium in beating hearts is complicated by motion artifact and has yet to be reported. Studying these two parameters in beating hearts could produce invaluable information about the interactions between them under normal and pathophysiologic conditions. This thesis presents hardware development and design studies to demonstrate the feasibility of …

Developing Criteria For The Provision Of Alabama Service Assistance Program (Asap) Service, Charles Nwachukwu Agusiobo

All ETDs from UAB

The Alabama Department of Transportation’s (ALDOTs) Alabama Service Assistance Program (ASAP) helps facilitate the safe and efficient movement of people and goods by providing Safety Service Patrols (SSP) along major interstates in Alabama and utilizing effective incident management strategies to minimize the impacts of freeway incidents. Efficient operation of ASAP improves timely emergency response, increases operational efficiency of the transportation facilities, improves user satisfaction, and results in safety benefits including prevention of secondary crashes. This study focused on developing a new methodology that can determine with greater efficiency when and where ASAP services are needed. The proposed methodology can replace …

Klf2 Regulation Of Glycocalyx Expression, Barrier Function, And Thromboinflammation In Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells, Cambria O'Grady

All ETDs from UAB

KLF2 is an important transcription factor for maintaining vascular homeostasis. Its expression in endothelial cells is triggered by shear stress. The endothelial glycocalyx also plays a role in regulating vascular function, and prior work has shown that glycocalyx expression is affected by shear stress as well. However, the direct link between KLF2 and mechanisms that regulate glycocalyx synthesis has not been established. In the present study, we used human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) to observe changes in glycocalyx expression, barrier function, and thromboinflammation caused by KLF2 overexpression. Lentiviral transduction was the method used for KLF2 overexpression, resulting in a …

Spectrum-Efficient High-Density Data Communication For Wireless Sensor Networks, Md. Kamal Hossain

All ETDs from UAB

Spectrum-efficient data telemetry is critically important in high-density wireless sensor networks. The rapid expansion of the sensor network has generated a large volume of data on the limited bandwidth and brought new challenges, including transmission bottlenecks, latency, and congestion. The existing wireless technologies cannot support the proliferation of sensor devices for the limitations of spectrum and resources, including computational power, memory, and feature size that hinder the deployment of sophisticated signal processing. To overcome these limitations, orthogonal pulse-based telemetry provides an excellent alternative with reduced complexity, data compression, and efficient transmission. However, the number of data channels also limits the …

Validation Of The Ambassador Questionnaire For Undergraduate Students Conducting Engineering Outreach, Melissa G. Kuhn, Shanan Chappell Moots, Joanna K. Garner

Center for Educational Partnerships Publications

Although K-12 engineering outreach commonly involves college students, the young professionals who act as ambassadors for their field are less likely to be studied than the students they serve. Yet, outreach activities may offer opportunities for undergraduate students to develop aspects of their professional selves. As there is currently no comprehensive measure that allows researchers, program evaluators, and outreach advisors to examine ambassadors' professional development and growth, this study sought to develop and validate an Ambassador Questionnaire (AQ). The multi-step process included the selection and adaptation of items from extant measures of engineering students' motivation, beliefs, professional skills, and perceptions …

A Physics-Based Model For Frost Buildup Under Turbulent Flow Using Direct Numerical Simulations, ‪Nadim Zgheib, N. Farzaneh, S. Balachandar, S. A. Sherif

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a new model for frost buildup under turbulent (and laminar) flow using direct numerical simulations. The physical model consists of two layers, the air and the frost. The air layer is fully resolved and consists of solving for the velocity, temperature, and vapor mass fraction fields. The frost layer thickness is resolved using conservation of mass and energy. Both phases are dynamically coupled using the immersed boundary method. Three-dimensional simulations are conducted in an open-channel configuration. A number of challenges need to be overcome to make these simulations feasible. First, to enforce far-field conditions of zero …

Efficient Near Infrared To Visible Light Upconversion From Er/Yb Codoped Pvdf Fibrous Mats Synthesized Using A Direct Polymer Doping Technique, Saptasree Bose, Jack Ryan Summers, Bhupendra B. Srivastava, Victoria Padilla-Gainza, Manuel Peredo, Carlos Trevino De Leon, Bryan Hoke, Santosh K. Gupta, Karen Lozano

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Highlights

• Direct Rare Earth doping in PVDF Polymer to overcome powder limitation.

• PVDF Fiber with smooth and defect free texture designed by Forcespinning.

• Doping Enhances Beta fraction of PVDF without affecting thermal Stability.

• Efficient upconversion of NIR into visible light in PVDF:Yb3+,Er3+ fibrous mats.

• Two-Photon absorption for both green and red upconversions.

Abstract

Upconverting-materials are capable of converting near infra-red (NIR) excitation into lower wavelengths. These materials could have a myriad of promising potential applications. However, in some areas, its use has been hindered by its low upconversion luminescence (UCL) efficiency and processing/handling disadvantages from luminescent materials in powder form. …

A Graph-Based Approach To Boundary Estimation With Mobile Sensors, Sean Onufer Stalley, Dingyu Wang, Gautam Dasarathy, John Lipor

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We consider the problem of adaptive sampling for boundary estimation, where the goal is to identify the two dimensional spatial extent of a phenomenon of interest. Motivated by applications in estimating the spread of wildfires with a mobile sensor, we present a novel graph-based algorithm that is efficient in both the number of samples taken and the distance traveled. The key idea behind our approach is that by sampling locations close to known cut edges (edges whose vertices lie on opposite sides of the boundary), we can reliably find additional cut edges. Our approach repeats this process of using the …

Incentivizing Distributed Energy Resource Participation In Grid Services, Tylor Slay, John M. Acken, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The bulk power system is experiencing a dramatic shift as renewable generation growth continues to accelerate. Large-scale renewables adoption will help societies transition to a low-carbon, low-cost, and environmental-friendly electrical power system. However, the transition from a paradigm of generation following load to one where load follows generation will require large-scale interconnection and coordinated operation of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), supported by open communication protocols. In this future grid scenario, DER aggregations will provide critical grid services that enable high penetration levels of renewable generation. This position paper presents an Energy Service Interface (ESI) that defines scope for ensuring secure, …

A Field Test Of Direct Load Control Of Water Heaters And Its Implications For Consumers, Midrar Adham, Manasseh Obi, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Utilities and customers are now operating more closely than ever. The prevailing numbers of grid-interactive Distributed Energy Resources are being integrated to provide grid reliability and stability. Different methods of control have been implemented to utilize these Distributed Energy Resources, such as Service-Oriented Load Control and Direct Load Control. This paper investigates the issues associated with the latter. A Direct Load Control method is applied to two Distributed Energy Resources, Electric Water Heater and Heat Pump Water Heater. A load shifting scenario is created where each water heater turns off during water draw events that coincide with peak demand periods. …

A Means For Tuning Primary Frequency Event Detection Algorithms, Sean Keene, Landon Hanks, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Power system balancing authorities are routinely affected by sudden frequency fluctuations. These frequency events can precipitate cascading outages and cause damage to both customer-owned and utility equipment. In this document, we describe an Algorithm Evaluation Environment that uses a suite of metrics to evaluate an algorithm and quantify its efficacy. Using the Algorithm Evaluation Environment, a detection algorithm can be tuned to best match the definition of a frequency event as defined by experts within the context of their own balancing area. We demonstrate the utility of the Algorithm Evaluation Environment using a regression-based frequency event detection algorithm. This algorithm …

Engineering Countermeasures For Left Turns At Signalized Intersections: A Review, Siby Samuel, Amandeep Singh, Yusuke Yamani

Psychology Faculty Publications

Left turn crashes can impact the safety of the drivers due to the speed and angle at which they occur. Left turns are specifically reported to affect older drivers more than the other types of crashes. This paper provides a review of the existing engineering countermeasures that have been evaluated to improve driver safety at left turns. Twenty- eight studies on left turn signal displays (protected left turns, flashing yellow arrow, and digital countdown timers), intersection geometry (offset left turn lanes, diverging diamond interchange, roundabouts, exit lanes for left turn, left turn bay extension, and contraflow left turn lanes), and …

Part I - Ai And Data As Medical Devices, W. Nicholson Price Ii

Other Publications

It may seem counterintuitive to open a book on medical devices with chapters on software and data, but these are the frontiers of new medical device regulation and law. Physical devices are still crucial to medicine, but they – and medical practice as a whole – are embedded in and permeated by networks of software and caches of data. Those software systems are often mindbogglingly complex and largely inscrutable, involving artificial intelligence and machine learning. Ensuring that such software works effectively and safely remains a substantial challenge for regulators and policymakers. Each of the three chapters in this part examines …

An Intelligent Approach For Predicting The Strength Of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Subgrade Soil, Muhammad Nouman Amjad Raja, Sanjay K. Shukla, Muhammad Umer Arif Khan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In the recent times, the use of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) technology has become popular for constructing safe and sustainable pavement structures. The strength of the subgrade soil is routinely assessed in terms of its California bearing ratio (CBR). However, in the past, no effort was made to develop a method for evaluating the CBR of the reinforced subgrade soil. The main aim of this paper is to explore and appraise the competency of the several intelligent models such as artificial neural network (ANN), least median of squares regression, Gaussian processes regression, elastic net regularisation regression, lazy K-star, M-5 model …

Influence Of Mineralogy And Surfactant Concentration On Zeta Potential In Intact Sandstone At High Pressure, Faisal Ur Rahman Awan, Ahmed Al-Yaseri, Hamed Akhondzadeh, Sefan Iglauer, Alireza Keshavarz

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Hypothesis:

Zeta-potential in the presence of brine has been studied for its application within hydrocarbon reservoirs. These studies have shown that sandstone’s zeta-potential remains negatively charged, non-zero, and levels-off at salinities > 0.4 mol.dm⁻³, thus becoming independent of salinity when ionic strength is increased further. However, research conducted to date has not yet considered clay-rich (i.e. clay ≥ 5 wt%) sandstones.

Experiments:

Firstly, streaming potential measurements were conducted on Bandera Gray sandstones (clay-rich and clay-poor) with 0.6 and 2 mol.dm⁻³ NaCl brine-saturated in pressurised environments (6.895 MPa overburden and 3.447 MPa back-pressure). Secondly, the streaming potential was determined …

Thermoeconomic Analysis And Multi-Objective Optimization Of A Novel Trigeneration System Consisting Of Kalina And Humidificationdehumidification Desalination Cycles, Pooria Behnam, Meysam Faegh, Iman Fakhari, Pouria Ahmadi, Ehsan Faegh, Marc A. Rosen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Low-temperature geothermal heat sources have the highest share of geothermal energy in the world. Utilization of these heat sources for energy and freshwater generation can play an important role in meeting energy and freshwater demands. To do so, this study aims to propose a novel trigeneration cycle powered by low-temperature geothermal sources. The proposed system, which is an integration of Kalina and humidification-dehumidification (HDH) cycles, is used for the generation of electricity, heating, and freshwater. For the Kalina cycle, an evaporative condenser is used. It also acts as a humidifier and heater of the humidification-dehumidification desalination cycle, resulting in a …

High Latency Unmanned Ground Vehicle Teleoperation Enhancement By Presentation Of Estimated Future Through Video Transformation, Md Moniruzzaman, Alexander Rassau, Douglas Chai, Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Long-distance, high latency teleoperation tasks are difficult, highly stressful for teleoperators, and prone to over-corrections, which can lead to loss of control. At higher latencies, or when teleoperating at higher vehicle speed, the situation becomes progressively worse. To explore potential solutions, this research work investigates two 2D visual feedback-based assistive interfaces (sliding-only and sliding-and-zooming windows) that apply simple but effective video transformations to enhance teleoperation. A teleoperation simulator that can replicate teleoperation scenarios affected by high and adjustable latency has been developed to explore the effectiveness of the proposed assistive interfaces. Three image comparison metrics have been used to fine-tune …

Artificial Intelligence-Based Material Discovery For Clean Energy Future, Reza Maleki, Mohsen Asadnia, Amir Razmjou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted materials design and discovery methods can come to the aid of global concerns for introducing new efficient materials in different applications. Also, a sustainable clean future requires a transition to a low-carbon economy that is material-intensive. AI-assisted methods advent as inexpensive and accelerated methods in the design of new materials for clean energies. Herein, the emerging research area of AI-assisted material discovery with a focus on developing clean energies is discussed. The applications, advantages, and challenges of using AI in material discovery are discussed and the future perspective of using AI in clean energy is studied. This …

Histological Comparison Of Shark Dermis Across Various Ecomorphologies, Olivia Schuitema

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The integument plays essential roles in the structural support, protection, and hydrodynamic capability among fishes. Most shark skin research has been done on the external epidermal layer containing the dermal denticles, while the larger dermis layer has been mostly ignored. The dermis layer in sharks is composed of two layers, the upper stratum laxum and the lower stratum compactum, holding supportive collagen and elastin fibers. There may be morphological and compositional differences in the dermis layers across various species of sharks, although the extent of such is unknown. These potential differences may be represented by various dermal thicknesses and different …

Microsoft Defender Will Be Defended: Memoryranger Prevents Blinding Windows Av, Denis Pogonin, Igor Korkin, Phd

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Windows OS is facing a huge rise in kernel attacks. An overview of popular techniques that result in loading kernel drivers will be presented. One of the key targets of modern threats is disabling and blinding Microsoft Defender, a default Windows AV. The analysis of recent driver-based attacks will be given, the challenge is to block them. The survey of user- and kernel-level attacks on Microsoft Defender will be given. One of the recently published attackers’ techniques abuses Mandatory Integrity Control (MIC) and Security Reference Monitor (SRM) by modifying Integrity Level and Debug Privileges for the Microsoft Defender via syscalls. …

An Investigation Into The Plate Fixation For Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures, Xiang Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Periprosthetic femoral fractures are the third most reason for reoperation after the total hip arthroplasty with an incident rate of approximately 6%. The Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures account for over 70% of all cases, while the sub-type B1 fracture (when the total hip stem is stable) has remained a clinical challenge due to incidences of severe complications after the standard plate-screw fixation. To seek biomechanically sound fixations for the Vancouver type B1 fracture, this dissertation developed a combined modeling and testing framework to investigate the efficacy of fixation for a Vancouver type B1 fracture using different construct lengths …

Plasma Spheroidization Of Gas-Atomized 304l Stainless Steel Powder For Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process, M. Hossein Sehhat, Austin T. Sutton, Chia-Hung Hung, Ben Brown, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jonghyun Park, Ming-Chuan Leu

PSMRC Faculty Research

Particles of AISI 304L stainless steel powder were spheroidized by the induction plasma spheroidization process (TekSphero-15 spheroidization system) to assess the effects of the spheroidization process on powder and part properties. The morphology of both as-received and spheroidized powders was characterized by measuring particle size and shape distribution. The chemistry of powders was studied using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy for evaluation of composing elements, and the powder’s microstructure was assessed by X-ray diffraction for phase identification and by electron backscattered diffraction patterns for crystallography characterization. The Revolution Powder Analyzer was used to quantify powder flowability. The mechanical properties …

Liquid Core Detection And Strand Condition Monitoring In A Continuous Caster Using Optical Fiber, Deva Prasaad Neelakandan, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Jie Huang, Ronald J. O'Malley

PSMRC Faculty Research

Real-time monitoring of the liquid core position during the continuous casting of steel has been demonstrated using low-cost distributed optical-fiber-based strain sensors. These sensors were installed on the containment roll support structures in the segments of a production continuous caster to detect the position of the solid–liquid interface and monitor the strand condition during the continuous casting. Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBGs) were used in this work to monitor strain at six roll positions in the caster. The sensor performance was first validated by comparing optical strain measurements with conventional strain gauge measurements in the lab. Next, optical strain …

Multimodal Ultrasound Imaging For Improved Metastatic Lymph Node Detection, Sidhartha Jandhyala

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and is complex in nature due to the variety of organs located in the head and neck region. Knowing the metastatic state of the lymph nodes is paramount in accurately staging and treating HNSCC patients. Currently, metastatic lymph node detection involves the use of magnetic resonance imaging and/or x-ray computed tomography, followed by biopsies for histological confirmation. The main diagnostic criteria is the size of the nodes; however, current imaging methods are not 100% accurate due natural lymph node variability. Ultrasound imaging is able to provide …

Solution Atomic Layer Deposition Of Smooth, Continuous, Crystalline Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films, Maïssa K.S. Barr, Soheila Nadiri, Dong-Hui Chen, Peter G. Weidler, Sebastian Bochmann, Helmut Baumgart, Julien Bachmann, Engelbert Redel

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

For the first time, a procedure has been established for the growth of surface-anchored metal–organic framework (SURMOF) copper(II) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (Cu-BDC) thin films of thickness control with single molecule accuracy. For this, we exploit the novel method solution atomic layer deposition (sALD). The sALD growth rate has been determined at 4.5 Å per cycle. The compact and dense SURMOF films grown at room temperature by sALD possess a vastly superior film thickness uniformity than those deposited by conventional solution-based techniques, such as dipping and spraying while featuring clear crystallinity from 100 nm thickness. The highly controlled layer-by-layer growth mechanism of sALD …

Fairness And Inclusion For Users Of Surface Transport—An Exploratory Thematic Study For Irish Users, Ajeni Ari, Maria Chiara Leva, Lorraine D'Arcy, Mary Kinahan

Articles

This paper explores the conditions of public transport with respect to user accessibility, design of infrastructure, and safety from a gendered perspective. Our investigation aims to understand the factors that direct a citizen’s choice of whether or not to use public transport. Our discussion is focused on gender disparities among user experiences, so we confine our focus to that of women’s perspectives and their experiences with public transport use. A framework for our discussion was formed with consideration of the theoretical aspects of fairness, justice, and gender in transport, as well as user statistics. We identified several spaces where public …

Tidal Current Turbine Blade Optimisation With Improved Blade Element Momentum Theory And A Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, Eng Jet Yeo, David Kennedy, Fergal O'Rourke

Articles

Tidal current energy has the advantage of predictability over most of the other renewable energy resources. However, due to the harsh operating environment and complicated site conditions, developments in this domain have been gradual. Paramount to these points is device design and optimisation of hydrodynamic performance. Recent developments in the correction models of BEM theory have further improved the accuracy of the prediction model. Using an improved blade element momentum theory model that is capable of accurately capturing the downwash angle and combining it with a well-developed and reliable non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm model, an effective and efficient tidal current …

Building Performance - Societal Drive, Programme And Symposium, Joseph Little, Patrick Daly

Articles

Society is increasingly looking at the construction industry to mitigate the environmental crisis and solve the housing crisis through wholesale embrace of three broad sets of challenges. The MSc in Building Performance (Energy Efficiency in Design) (MSc BP(EED)) was created in 2017 to provide significant upskilling in the knowledge, skills, and software applications of building design professionals so that they can meet these challenges, while creating compliant, sustainable, super-low energy, new and renovated buildings. The delivery of the programme supports upskilling of employed building design professionals at Masters level, encouraging a minority to develop their capacity and interest in research …