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2022

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Articles 4651 - 4680 of 9379

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Effect Of Various Inlet Distortion Patterns On Distortion Transfer And Generation At The Near-Stall Operating Point, Andrew Bedke, Steven Gorrell May 2022

Effect Of Various Inlet Distortion Patterns On Distortion Transfer And Generation At The Near-Stall Operating Point, Andrew Bedke, Steven Gorrell

Utah Space Grant Consortium

An increased understanding of how inlet flow distortion affects transonic fans enables improved fan design and performance prediction. Inlet distortion refers to non-uniformities in the incoming flow properties. Complex inlet ducts in high performance aircraft result in distorted flow at the fan inlet. In this paper, Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations were used to investigate how the Pt gradient between the clean and distorted sector in the inlet profile affects distortion transfer and generation through a transonic fan. Variants with an increasingly more gradual Pt gradient at the boundary of the distorted sector were applied at the fan …

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Preliminary Concepts For Magnetic Actuation And Stabilization Of Origami-Based Space Arrays, Hunter T. Pruett, Nathan M. Coleman, Spencer P. Magleby May 2022

Preliminary Concepts For Magnetic Actuation And Stabilization Of Origami-Based Space Arrays, Hunter T. Pruett, Nathan M. Coleman, Spencer P. Magleby

Utah Space Grant Consortium

A framework for the generalization of pairs of cuboid magnets embedded in origami-based hinges is presented. Various design variables for the framework are defined. Two novel self-actuation and self-stabilizing hinges (the MaLO hinge and the MaLDO hinge) are presented. The characterization of these hinges is defined, and the hinges are shown in application. The presented applications are the VEMO reflect array antenna design and a deployable truss.

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Analyzing Electron Yield Decay Curves With The Electron Emission Spectra, Matthew Robertson, Jr Dennison May 2022

Analyzing Electron Yield Decay Curves With The Electron Emission Spectra, Matthew Robertson, Jr Dennison

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Electron emission is when electrons escape from the surface of a material. Emissions can be caused by many different mechanisms such as thermionic effects, photon, electron, or ion radiation. When energy is imparted to a material, it can cause electron emissions. Emitted electrons have an energy distribution or emission spectra. Figure 1 shows the emission spectra of gold when irradiated with an ~80 eV electron beam. Emission spectra are related to the work function for metals or the electron affinity for insulators. The goal of this research is to measure the work function or electron affinity of a material using …

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Exploring Depth Adjustable Embedded Membrane Joints, Collin Ynchausti, Larry L. Howell May 2022

Exploring Depth Adjustable Embedded Membrane Joints, Collin Ynchausti, Larry L. Howell

Utah Space Grant Consortium

This work presents methods for using membrane joints in origami-inspired mechanisms. Our method takes the previously presented hinge ideas of the Regionally Compliant Sheets (ReCS) method and the Compliant Rolling Contact Element (CORE) joint, and builds upon them to provide a hinge that has the benefits of being adhered between sheets using clamping with no adhesive needed, preserving panel volume that can be used as hard stops, and keeping the stress in the bending membrane below the yield stress, while reducing the parasitic motion of previous membrane joints. Two different configurations are presented: The Contacting Circles Embedded Membrane and the …

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Selecting And Optimizing Origami Flasher Pattern Configurations For Finite-Thickness Deployable Space Arrays, Katie Varela, Diana Bolanos, Brandon Sargent, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby May 2022

Selecting And Optimizing Origami Flasher Pattern Configurations For Finite-Thickness Deployable Space Arrays, Katie Varela, Diana Bolanos, Brandon Sargent, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Design parameters of the flasher pattern can be modified to meet a variety of design objectives for deployable array applications. The focus of this paper is to improve understanding of design parameters, objectives, and trade offs of origami flasher pattern configurations. Emphasis is placed on finite-thickness flasher models suitable for engineering applications. The methods presented aim to provide clarity on the effects of tuning flasher parameters based on existing synthesis tools. An optimization technique is implemented and results are presented to converge on optimal design parameters for a specific case study. Lastly, an approach used to develop thick flasher arrays …

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Energy Extraction In Five Dimensional Black Holes, Alexandra Chanson, Maria J. Rodriguez May 2022

Energy Extraction In Five Dimensional Black Holes, Alexandra Chanson, Maria J. Rodriguez

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The goal of this study is to analyze black hole phase spaces by using a small, electromagnetically dominated perturbation near a resonant gravitational saddle; then, a unique decomposition of the asymptotic perturbation states (a vaccuum solution tower) could be used to index perturbatively stable phase-volumes and, in turn, to construct asymptotically interactive channels (perturbative black hole dynamics).

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Ultra-Low Power Adcs For Space Sensors And Instruments, Shea Smith, Wood Chiang May 2022

Ultra-Low Power Adcs For Space Sensors And Instruments, Shea Smith, Wood Chiang

Utah Space Grant Consortium

A 28nm 0.1V 10-bit 20kS/s time domain ADC with 225Hz bandwidth is proposed. This design opens the doors to both low supply and low power space sensors and instruments. Due to the stringent voltage supply, unique challenges arise that are met with innovation in the sample switch and the quantizer design. These components of the ADC architecture are aggressively optimized to perform successfully at a 0.1V supply with a sample rate suitable for most sensor applications.

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Heat Management For Electromagnetic 3d Printing, Brian Elder, Yong Lin Kong May 2022

Heat Management For Electromagnetic 3d Printing, Brian Elder, Yong Lin Kong

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The integration of nanomaterials with additive manufacturing, a.k.a. 3D printing, can enable the creation of complex architecture with tunable functional properties.[1] As discussed in our review paper,[1] particles can be patterned or assembled with a broad range of forces during the printing process to impart specific functionalities in an otherwise passive structure. For example, a magnetic field can be leveraged to program the local magnetic remanence of a printed ferromagnetic composite. Magnetic programming can enable the fabrication of biocompatible materials with high energy density, which have promising applications in magnetically actuated biomedical robots. For example, a wireless ingestible …

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Antenna Designs For Cubesat-Borne, Continuous-Waveform Radar, Logan E. Voigt, Reyhan Baktur May 2022

Antenna Designs For Cubesat-Borne, Continuous-Waveform Radar, Logan E. Voigt, Reyhan Baktur

Utah Space Grant Consortium

CubeSat-borne radar has many potential applications in space exploration including tracking, imaging, and weather prediction. A continuous-waveform radar has advantages of compact size and low power consumption, making it suitable to implement on small platforms such as CubeSats. This paper demonstrates an isolation technique that overcomes the self-interference between the transmit and receive antennas inherent to continuous-waveform radar. The presented approach combines opposite circularly polarized antennas on two deployed solar panels to minimize the self-interference. The prototype antennas are tested on a 6U CubeSat frame and the results show more than 40 dB isolation, satisfying the power budget requirements.

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Globally-Attractive Logarithmic Geometric Control Of A Quadrotor For Aggressive Trajectory Tracking, Jacob C. Johnson, Randal W. Beard May 2022

Globally-Attractive Logarithmic Geometric Control Of A Quadrotor For Aggressive Trajectory Tracking, Jacob C. Johnson, Randal W. Beard

Utah Space Grant Consortium

We present a new quadrotor geometric control scheme that is capable of tracking highly aggressive trajectories. Our geometric controller uses the logarithmic map of SO(3) to express rotational error in the Lie algebra, and we show that it is globally attractive without requiring a complicated hybrid switching scheme. We show the performance of our controller against highly aggressive trajectories in simulation experiments. Additionally, we present an adaptation of this controller that allows us to interface effectively with the angular rate controllers on an onboard flight control unit and show the ability of this adapted control scheme to track aggressive trajectories …

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Development, Characterization, And Modeling Of Physical, Mechanical, And Durability Properties Of Sustainable Ultra-High Performance Concrete, Tawsif M. Hasan May 2022

Development, Characterization, And Modeling Of Physical, Mechanical, And Durability Properties Of Sustainable Ultra-High Performance Concrete, Tawsif M. Hasan

ETD Archive

Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is an advanced concrete material with superior mechanical strength, high tensile ductility, and exceptional durability, including negligible permeability. Despite these excellent material properties, the use of UHPC in structural applications is limited because of the high cost of commercially available UHPC products. Therefore, developing non-proprietary UHPC mixtures using local materials is a viable way to reduce the initial cost of UHPC. In this research, sustainable and cost-effective UHPC mixtures were developed using locally sourced materials so that UHPC may be more affordable to a wider variety of applications. Specifically, locally available Type I-II cement, local sand …

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Student Understanding Of Kinematics: A Qualitative Assessment, Andrew Cashman, Tom O'Mahony May 2022

Student Understanding Of Kinematics: A Qualitative Assessment, Andrew Cashman, Tom O'Mahony

Publications

In engineering, kinematics is widely regarded as a fundamental topic with the literature agreeing that students possess a wide range in understanding of the topic. This study aims to take a second-order approach by understanding and exploring the qualitatively different ways in which students approach solving kinematics problems. Phenomenography was used to collect data through ten semi-structured interviews with early-stage mechanical engineering students. Following data analysis, four distinct categories of students’ approaches were identified; unstructured, framing the problem, strategic, and conceptual. It was found that these categories could be arranged in a hierarchy and were also supported by secondary epistemic …

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Performance Projection Of A High-Temperature Co2 Transport Membrane Reactor For Combined Co2 Capture And Methane-To-Ethylene Conversion, Xin Li, Kevin Huang, Noah Van Dam, Xinfang Jin May 2022

Performance Projection Of A High-Temperature Co2 Transport Membrane Reactor For Combined Co2 Capture And Methane-To-Ethylene Conversion, Xin Li, Kevin Huang, Noah Van Dam, Xinfang Jin

Faculty Publications

Direct conversion of methane into ethylene through the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a technically important reaction. However, conventional co-fed fixed-bed OCM reactors still face serious challenges in conversion and selectivity. In this paper, we apply a finite element model to simulate OCM reaction in a plug-flow CO2 /O2 transport membrane (CTM) reactor with a directly captured CO2 and O2 mixture as a soft oxidizer. The CTM is made of three phases: molten carbonate, 20% Sm-doped CeO2 , and LiNiO2 . The membrane parameters are first validated by CO2 /O2 flux …

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Biodegradable Active Bio-Nanocomposite Film For The Enhanced Shelf Life Of Tomatoes, Kalpani Y. Perera, Shubham Sharma, Brendan Duffy, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal May 2022

Biodegradable Active Bio-Nanocomposite Film For The Enhanced Shelf Life Of Tomatoes, Kalpani Y. Perera, Shubham Sharma, Brendan Duffy, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

The increased environmental pollution has led to finding sustainable solutions for non-renewable plastic-based food packaging materials. Thus, the use of biomaterial-based packaging material has become an immense trend. This work aims at developing an antimicrobial biodegradable chitosan-alginate bio-nano composite film with TiO2 nanoparticle (NPs) for food packaging applications. The film was developed by a solution casting method. The chemical, mechanical, thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, and biodegradable properties of the packaging films were evaluated. Packaging studies were performed for 15 days for cherry tomatoes. The designed packaging material had enhanced the mechanical properties with a significantly (p < 0.05) higher tensile strength of 15.76 folds and 2 fold higher elongation at break. The UV barrier properties increased by 88.6%, while the film transparency decreased by 87.23%. Molecular interaction of N-H covalent bonds was observed between alginate and chitosan together with TiO2 NPs. The developed bio-nano composite film showed antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi, and L. monocytogene with a log reduction of 7.08, 7.28, 6.04 & 6.02 log CFU/ml respectively at 24 hours incubation period. The film was completely biodegraded and a weight loss of 89.06% was observed in bio-nanocomposite film during the 3 months. Shelf-life estimation of cherry tomato using developed packaging films showed an increase in the shelf-life up to 8 days with stable pH, total soluble solids, and weight with no bacterial growth when packaged with prepared film. Owing to their improved mechanical, UV barrier, antibacterial, and biodegradability, the prepared active bio-nano composite packaging films could be considered a potential candidate for fruit packaging.

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Chiral Liquid Crystal Microdroplets For Sensing Phospholipid Amphiphiles, Sepideh Norouzi, Jose A. Martinez Gonzalez, Monirosadat (Sanaz) Sadati May 2022

Chiral Liquid Crystal Microdroplets For Sensing Phospholipid Amphiphiles, Sepideh Norouzi, Jose A. Martinez Gonzalez, Monirosadat (Sanaz) Sadati

Faculty Publications

Designing simple, sensitive, fast, and inexpensive readout devices to detect biological molecules and biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis and treatments. Here, we have studied the interaction of the chiral liquid crystal (CLC) and biomolecules at the liquid crystal (LC)-droplet interface. CLC droplets with high and low chirality were prepared using a microfluidic device. We explored the reconfiguration of the CLC molecules confined in droplets in the presence of 1,2-diauroyl-sn-glycero3-phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) phospholipid. Cross-polarized optical microscopy and spectrometry techniques were employed to monitor the effect of droplet size and DLPC concentration on the structural reorganization of the CLC molecules. Our results …

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Design Of Hardware To Aid Smartphone-Based Oscilloscope App, Riddock Moran May 2022

Design Of Hardware To Aid Smartphone-Based Oscilloscope App, Riddock Moran

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

A smartphone-based oscilloscope improves on traditional lab oscilloscopes in accessibility and portability but faces several performance limitations compared to traditional oscilloscopes. Among these, an oscilloscope app that uses the phone’s audio to read voltage signals will have a sampling rate and voltage bottlenecked by the capabilities of the audio codec, which will rarely exceed a rate of 48 kHz and 1 volt, respectively. Additionally, smartphones lack the ability to read line-in audio, allowing only one channel input through the microphone. Direct connections to an audio source may not be possible due to requiring an audio jack connection, and different poles …

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Designing A Digital Electronics Lab, Ben Buckwalter May 2022

Designing A Digital Electronics Lab, Ben Buckwalter

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Hardware electronics tools can be more expensive than a new learner is willing to invest resulting in a barrier to entry. Furthermore, it can be difficult for a new learner to know where to start when learning electronics. To resolve this issue, we first explore current mobile app solutions that provide free electronics tooling. Then, we propose a design for a new mobile app that contains basic function generator and oscilloscope functionality as well as the learning resources necessary in order to guide new learners in the basics of digital electronics.

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Effects Of Stepwise Temperature Shifts In Anaerobic Digestion For Treating Municipal Wastewater Sludge: A Genomic Study, Gede Adi Wiguna Sudiartha, Tsuyoshi Imai, Yung-Tse Hung May 2022

Effects Of Stepwise Temperature Shifts In Anaerobic Digestion For Treating Municipal Wastewater Sludge: A Genomic Study, Gede Adi Wiguna Sudiartha, Tsuyoshi Imai, Yung-Tse Hung

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

In wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), anaerobic digester (AD) units are commonly operated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. In some cases, during the dry season, maintaining a stable temperature in the digester requires additional power to operate a conditioning system. Without proper conditioning systems, methanogens are vulnerable to temperature shifts. This study investigated the effects of temperature shifts on CH4 gas production and microbial diversity during anaerobic digestion of anaerobic sewage sludge using a metagenomic approach. The research was conducted in lab-scale AD under stepwise upshifted temperature from 42 to 48 ◦C. The results showed that significant methanogen population reduction during …

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Manual Material Handling Lift-Assist System For Occupational Exoskeleton, Erik Goes, Daniel Guthrie, Trevor Ward May 2022

Manual Material Handling Lift-Assist System For Occupational Exoskeleton, Erik Goes, Daniel Guthrie, Trevor Ward

Honors Capstones

It is no secret that lifting heavy objects is one of the premier causes of workplace injury, and the modern worker needs help to remain healthy. Workers need something they always have with them that makes their work safer as well as easier; our solution is an active lift-assist exoskeleton. The proposed exoskeleton design includes a military backpack exoskeleton frame, on which two actuators pull cables attached to end effectors that the operator will be holding. This system can adjust to conform to a wide variety of operator sizes, without restricting any of their range of motion. This leads to …

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Comparative Analysis Of Imputation Methods In Real Estate Data, Connor Donlen May 2022

Comparative Analysis Of Imputation Methods In Real Estate Data, Connor Donlen

Honors Theses

This project involves comparing different methods of missing data imputation in the context of predicting real estate listing prices. These methods are compared against each other in both their ability to recreate the original data and their effects on a final predictive model. In order to evaluate their effectiveness, first, a predictive model is made using the complete dataset to use as a benchmark for the imputed datasets. Then, a complete dataset is split into 80% training and 20% testing datasets, and missing values are created in the training data using two different missing data mechanisms, missing completely at random …

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The Synthesis And Characterization Of Ionic Liquids Using Nitrogen-Based Cations For Transdermal Delivery, Jo Galloway May 2022

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Ionic Liquids Using Nitrogen-Based Cations For Transdermal Delivery, Jo Galloway

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to explore the synthesis mechanisms of water-soluble ionic liquids with nitrogen-containing cationic bases for future use in transdermal drug delivery and forensic science applications. Ionic liquids are salts with an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion. They have asymmetric structures, which means that the molecules don’t pack together as neatly as other salts do, therefore, they don’t crystallize as easily, and their melting points are lower. Ionic liquids have melting points below 100°C, and many are liquid at room temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the potency of ILs in enhancing transdermal …

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Nuclear Energy As A Reliable And Safe Source Of Power Generation, Sarup Dhungana May 2022

Nuclear Energy As A Reliable And Safe Source Of Power Generation, Sarup Dhungana

Honors Theses

There is a high demand of energy for generating civil applicable power in the world and in the USA, correspondingly. The world has been consuming various sources to extract the power to meet its demands. Most of the power sources include renewable and non-renewable sources like fossil fuels, natural gas, coal, water, solar, wind, and nuclear power. Although most of these sources have many advantages in terms of their capacity and cost of production, nuclear power can be categorized as the emerging driving force in the United States and in the world for power generation, because of its reliability and …

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An Overview Of Barriers To Women In Engineering, Madison Karis May 2022

An Overview Of Barriers To Women In Engineering, Madison Karis

Honors Theses

Engineering remains a heavily male-dominated field despite ongoing efforts to increase diversity. Early experiences within the U.S. education system can strongly influence women’s choices to pursue engineering degrees. Many young students are introduced to engineering through pre-college programs, but these programs may give students an incomplete understanding of careers in engineering. Gender stereotyping and discrimination from teachers, counselors, and professors also strongly affect female students’ majors. Students may be led to believe certain misconceptions about engineering if their teachers have inaccurate perceptions about the field. Women in engineering also face workplace discrimination at a much higher rate than women in …

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Interaction Beyond Nearest Neighbor In Periodic Structures, Sudesh Pathak May 2022

Interaction Beyond Nearest Neighbor In Periodic Structures, Sudesh Pathak

Honors Theses

Periodic structures have been of particular interest to researchers and engineers due to their interesting vibrational characteristics leading to applications, namely acoustic filters, and waveguides. Many studies on the interaction of nearest neighbors have been performed. However, such studies are insufficient to understand the variation of band gaps and the maximum number of wave vectors for each frequency. The complex band structure obtained from the interaction beyond nearest neighbors can assist in the development of sophisticated acoustic technologies. This paper primarily emphasizes the study of such interactions with the development of mathematical models based on electrostatic forces, supported by the …

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Application Of The Formal Design Of Experiments To Deformed Airfoil Testing, Alex Ligman May 2022

Application Of The Formal Design Of Experiments To Deformed Airfoil Testing, Alex Ligman

Honors Theses

Traditionally, one factor at a time (OFAT) testing is used to accomplish wind tunnel
experimentation. OFAT testing is a process whereby one of the defined factors in the experiment is changed while all of the other factors are held constant. Afterwards, a new factor is chosen as the one to be manipulated, and the process is then repeated until all factors have been run through. Due to the possible cost-intensive and time-consuming nature of wind tunnel testing, formal design of experiments (DOE) has begun to be applied to wind tunnel experiments. In doing so, unique analyses can be made that …

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Center For Manufacturing Excellence Capstone Project: Sec Rivals Checkers, Ward Winstead May 2022

Center For Manufacturing Excellence Capstone Project: Sec Rivals Checkers, Ward Winstead

Honors Theses

Each year, the seniors in the Haley Barbour Center for Manufacturing Excellence complete a capstone project. A team comprised of seniors in varying disciplines work to develop a business model focused on producing a specific product. This team, SEC Rivals Checkers, chose to produce wooden checker boards where each half of a board is custom to a specific SEC school. These halves were designed to be interchangeable, so a variety of different combination could be created when utilizing the product. Through initial marketing analysis, cost estimation, prototyping, and process development, the original SEC Rivals Checkers idea was developed into a …

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Novel Keyed Fusion Method To Improve Plate Alignment In Anterior Cervical Discectomy And Fusion Procedures, Henry Seiler May 2022

Novel Keyed Fusion Method To Improve Plate Alignment In Anterior Cervical Discectomy And Fusion Procedures, Henry Seiler

Honors Theses

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a form of neck surgery that is performed to remove a damaged disc in the spine. Without intervention damaged discs in the spine cause a buildup of spinal cord or nerve root pressure which can lead to several unpleasant side effects. The current methods and devices through which this surgery is carried out can be potentially problematic for both the surgeon and the patient. Oftentimes surgeons have difficulty aligning the cervical plate typically used in ACDF surgeries. In many cases, these problems are unavoidable. It is for this reason that a group of …

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Developing New Crutch Tip Design For Overall Increased Stability And Improved Movement On Different Terrains, Lauren Skinner May 2022

Developing New Crutch Tip Design For Overall Increased Stability And Improved Movement On Different Terrains, Lauren Skinner

Honors Theses

Crutches are a mobility assistive device that are often used in various situations, such as post- surgical rehabilitation and recovery after injury. The current crutch tip design that is used on today’s crutches are often unstable and do not provide quality movement on different terrains, such as snow, ice, mud, and wet surfaces. These problems would be solved with a new tip design that could be attached to existing crutches or manufactured with the crutch itself. The team’s solution to this problem is a crutch tip with modular parts. The tip would attach to the shaft of the crutch like …

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Coronavirus Disability Survey: Assessing The Impact Of Covid-19 On Young Adults With Disabilities, Hena Rashid May 2022

Coronavirus Disability Survey: Assessing The Impact Of Covid-19 On Young Adults With Disabilities, Hena Rashid

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

This paper seeks to inform individuals of the importance of digital inclusivity, diminish the digital divide, and accessibility to technological services of college students who experience a form of disability. The United States has conducted minimal research on the digital disability rhetoric, promoted minimal disability-inclusive measures to protect the rights and well-being of college students, and minimal assistance to mitigate Coronavirus (COVID-19) impacts to this population subgroup. This subject can have a big impact on individuals who suffer from disability stigma, low accessibility issues, and who have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. Furthermore, this subject will benefit college students …

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Novel Mobility Device For Conjoined Twins, Allyson Bowgren May 2022

Novel Mobility Device For Conjoined Twins, Allyson Bowgren

Honors Capstones

This project provides a solution to a problem proposed by a pair of conjoined clients. With their desire to become fully independent, the clients need an improved mobility device. Being joined at the head, moving around was always difficult for them and their situation did not get any better after an accident left one of them immobile. Their current device was a decent and quick solution at the time it was first needed. However, since its conception the device quickly became obsolete, and they are now in need of a more effective device that allows them to travel easier. This …

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