Engineering Commons^™

Tooth Position Determination By Automatic Cutting And Marking Of Dental Panoramic X-Ray Film In Medical Image Processing, Yen-Cheng Huang, Chiung-An Chen, Tsung-Yi Chen, He-Sheng Chou, Wei-Chi Lin, Tzu-Chien Li, Jia-Jun Yuan, Szu-Yin Lin, Chun-Wei Li, Shih-Lun Chen, Yi-Cheng Mao, Patricia Angela R. Abu, Wei-Yuan Chiang, Wen-Shen Lo

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

This paper presents a novel method for automatic segmentation of dental X-ray images into single tooth sections and for placing every segmented tooth onto a precise corresponding position table. Moreover, the proposed method automatically determines the tooth’s position in a panoramic X-ray film. The image-processing step incorporates a variety of image-enhancement techniques, including sharpening, histogram equalization, and flat-field correction. Moreover, image processing was implemented iteratively to achieve higher pixel value contrast between the teeth and cavity. The next image-enhancement step is aimed at detecting the teeth cavity and involves determining the segment and points separating the upper and lower jaw, …

Revised Semiempirical Approach To Predict The Occurrence Of Twinning In Titanium Alloys, Chirag Dhirajlal Rabadia, Syed Faraz Jawed, Jincheng Wang, Milind Siddhpura, Arti Siddhpura

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

A revised semiempirical approach, considering the average values of the valence electron to atom ratio (e/a̅) and a difference in atomic radii of alloying element/s and the base element (Δr¯), is proposed to predict the twin formation in titanium alloys. The revised e/ā versus Δr¯ diagram is plotted, considering the reported results of 90 titanium alloys fabricated using various processing methods. A new twin/slip boundary has been plotted and recommended based on the revised e/ā versus Δr¯ diagram. The conventional maximum limit reported for the twinning in titanium alloys is e/ā = 4.20; however, it has been found that twinning …

A Geometric Approach To Multiple Target Tracking Using Lie Groups, Mark E. Petersen

Theses and Dissertations

Multiple target tracking (MTT) is the process of localizing targets in an environment using sensors that perceive the environment. MTT has many applications such as wildlife monitoring, air traffic monitoring, and surveillance. These applications motivate further research in the different challenging aspects of MTT. One of these challenges that we will focus on in this dissertation is constructing a high fidelity target model. A common approach to target modeling is to use linear models or other simplified models that do not properly describe the target's pose (position and orientation), motion, and uncertainty. These simplified models are typically used because they …

Spline-Based Contact: Algorithms And Applications, Pulama Bhattacharya

Theses and Dissertations

Contact is one of the most challenging nonlinearities to solve in solid mechanics. In traditional linear finite element analysis, the contact surface is only C^0 continuous, as a result, the normal to the contact surface is not continuous. The normal contact force is directed along the normal in the direction of the contact surface, and therefore, the contact force is discontinuous. This issue is tackled in linear finite element analysis using various surface smoothing techniques, however, a better solution is to use isogeometric analysis where the solution space is spanned by smooth spline basis functions. Unfortunately, spline-based isogeometric contact analysis …

Modeling The Effects Of Parameter Changes On Heating And Pressure At The Weld Interface And Joint Strength In Friction Bit Joining, Adam Hartly Wagner

Theses and Dissertations

Joining of dissimilar metals is a process that is of interest in many fields, especially the automotive industry where lightweighting of the body structure is important. However, creating strong joints between dissimilar metals can be challenging. Friction bit joining (FBJ) is a solid-state method that uses a consumable bit to create a strong joint between dissimilar metals such as aluminum and steel. The purpose of this research is to gain understanding of how adjusting FBJ parameters affects the heating and pressure at the weld interface using a modeling approach, in order to better understand the bonding process. The questions guiding …

Cross-Checking Automated Passenger Counts For Ridership Analysis, Simon Berrebi, Sanskruti Joshi, Kari Watkins

Journal of Public Transportation

Due to concerns about data quality, Automated Passenger Counting technology has rarely been used to analyze local ridership trends. This paper presents a novel framework to test the consistency and completeness of passenger count data in four cities. The data are aggregated at the system level and compared with the National Transit Database between 2012 and 2018. In all four agencies, passenger counts closely follow the fluctuations observed in the national transit database. There is, however, a slight drift in two of the four agencies. At the stop-level, missing and duplicate vehicle-trips are identified using schedule data from the General …

The Impact Of Inkjet Parameters And Environmental Conditions In Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing, Trenton Miles Colton

Theses and Dissertations

Binder jetting is an additive manufacturing process in which a part is fabricated layer-by-layer using inkjet technology to selectively dispense binder into powder layers in a designated area. The approach gives this process significant advantages over other additive manufacturing processes such as lower cost, capability to print in a wide range of materials, and little to no heat applied. Although binder jetting has many advantages and has been successful implemented in various industries its overall rate of adoption is slow compared to other processes. This is largely due to poor mechanical properties and consistency in printing which stems from a …

Undersea Cables: The Ultimate Geopolitical Chokepoint, Bert Chapman

FORCES Initiative: Strategy, Security, and Social Systems

This work provides historical and contemporary overviews of this critical geopolitical problem, describes the policy actors addressing this in the U.S. and selected other countries, and provides maps and information on many undersea cable work routes. These cables are chokepoints with one dictionary defining chokepoints as “a strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region."

Continental Magmatism And Uplift As The Primary Driver For First-Order Oceanic 87sr/86sr Variability With Implications For Global Climate And Atmospheric Oxygenation, Timothy Paulsen, Chad Deering, Jakub Sliwinski, Snehamoy Chatterjee, Olivier Bachman

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Oceans cover 70% of Earth's surface, setting it apart from the other terrestrial planets in the solar system, but the mechanisms driving oceanic chemical evolution through time remain an important unresolved problem. Imbalance in the strontium cycle, introduced, for example, by increases in continental weathering associated with mountain building, has been inferred from shifts in marine carbonate 87Sr/86Sr ratios. There are, however, uncertainties about the spatial and temporal patterns of crustal evolution in Earth's past, particularly for the period leading up to the Cambrian explosion of life. Here we show that U-Pb age and trace element data from a global …

Reduced-Order Dynamic Modeling And Robust Nonlinear Control Of Fluid Flow Velocity Fields, Anu Kossery Jayaprakash, William Mackunis, Vladimir Golubev, Oksana Stalnov

Publications

A robust nonlinear control method is developed for fluid flow velocity tracking, which formally addresses the inherent challenges in practical implementation of closed-loop active flow control systems. A key challenge being addressed here is flow control design to compensate for model parameter variations that can arise from actuator perturbations. The control design is based on a detailed reduced-order model of the actuated flow dynamics, which is rigorously derived to incorporate the inherent time-varying uncertainty in the both the model parameters and the actuator dynamics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first robust nonlinear closed-loop active flow …

Defining And Detecting Toxicity On Social Media: Context And Knowledge Are Key, Amit Sheth, Valerie Shalin, Ugur Kursuncu

Publications

As the role of online platforms has become increasingly prominent for communication, toxic behaviors, such as cyberbullying and harassment, have been rampant in the last decade. On the other hand, online toxicity is multi-dimensional and sensitive in nature, which makes its detection challenging. As the impact of exposure to online toxicity can lead to serious implications for individuals and communities, reliable models and algorithms are required for detecting and understanding such communications. In this paper We define toxicity to provide a foundation drawing social theories. Then, we provide an approach that identifies multiple dimensions of toxicity and incorporates explicit knowledge …

Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Dua Kultivar Bayam Pada Sistem Budidaya Hidroponik Untuk Lahan Sempit, Syariful Mubarok, Asyifa Mardatillah, Anne Nuraini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Hidroponik merupakan salah satu teknik sistem budidaya yang biasa digunakan di lahan sempit seperti di perkotaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sistem budidaya bayam yang paling baik untuk diterapkan pada sistem urban farming pada lahan sempit, misalnya di kawasan pemukiman padat penduduk di bagian timur Jakarta. Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kultivar bayam dan tiga sistem budidaya yaitu budidaya konvensional, sistem hidroponik Wick dan NFT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem NFT menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil terbaik yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, panjang akar, volume akar dan berat …

A Systematic Review On Blockchain In Education: Opportunities And Challenges, Navin Duwadi, Navin Duwadi

School of Information Systems and Technology Publications

This study focuses on bloackchain as an emerging technology regarding its use to restructure the systems and advance education upon quality outcomes. What are the benefits of integrating blockchain in education concerning system reformation and advancement in developing better educational process for all encompassing learning outcomes? With the recent developments of blockchain applications across multiple domains, the education industry seems to be benefited from this technology in considerable degree. Transcripts and certificates play a vital role in individual’s life so it needs to be stored in tamper-proof and long term available ledger. In pursuant to addressing afore stated question, this …

A Systematic Review On Blockchain In Education: Opportunities And Challenges, Navin Duwadi

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

This study focuses on bloackchain as an emerging technology regarding its use to restructure the systems and advance education upon quality outcomes. What are the benefits of integrating blockchain in education concerning system reformation and advancement in developing better educational process for all encompassing learning outcomes? With the recent developments of blockchain applications across multiple domains, the education industry seems to be benefited from this technology in considerable degree. Transcripts and certificates play a vital role in individual’s life so it needs to be stored in tamper-proof and long term available ledger. In pursuant to addressing afore stated question, this …

Managing And Utilizing Big Data In Atmospheric Monitoring Systems For Underground Coal Mines, Juan Diaz, Zach Agioutantis, Dionissios T. Hristopulos, Steven Schafrik

Mining Engineering Faculty Publications

Underground coal mining Atmospheric Monitoring Systems (AMS) have been implemented for real-time or near real-time monitoring and evaluation of the mine atmosphere and related parameters such as gas concentration (e.g., CH₄, CO, O₂), fan performance (e.g., power, speed), barometric pressure, ambient temperature, humidity, etc. Depending on the sampling frequency, AMS can collect and manage a tremendous amount of data, which mine operators typically consult for everyday operations as well as long-term planning and more effective management of ventilation systems. The raw data collected by AMS need considerable pre-processing and filtering before they can be used for …

Net-Zero Energy Districts And The Grid: An Energy-Economic Feasibility Case-Study Of The National Western Center In Denver, Co, Usa, Ben Saarloos, Jason C. Quinn

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Given the enormous impact of buildings on energy consumption, it is important to continue the development of net-zero energy districts. Opportunities exist for energy efficiency and renewable energy on a district level that may not be feasible in individual buildings. Due to the intermittent nature of many renewable energy sources, net-zero energy districts are dependent on the energy grid. The novelty of this work is to quantify and optimize the economic cost and grid independence of a net-zero energy district using the National Western Center (NWC) in Denver, CO, USA as a case study. The NWC is a 100+ ha …

Gis-Based Volunteer Cotton Habitat Prediction And Plant-Level Detection With Uav Remote Sensing, Tianyi Wang, Xiaohan Mei, J. Alex Thomasson, Chenghai Yang, Xiongzhe Han, Pappu Kumar Yadav, Yeyin Shi

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Volunteer cotton plants germinate and grow at unwanted locations like transport routes and can serve as hosts for a harmful cotton pests called cotton boll weevils. The main objective of this study was to develop a geographic information system (GIS) framework to efficiently locate volunteer cotton plants in the cotton production regions in southern Texas, thus reducing time and economic cost for their removal. A GIS network analysis tool was applied to estimate the most likely routes for cotton transportation, and a GIS model was created to identify and visualize potential areas of volunteer cotton growth. The GIS model indicated …

Polymeric Nanofibers Supported Metal Oxides For Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices, Rutul Patel

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

With increasing demand for energy, there is an increased need to find effective ways to store the available energy to sustain current and future generations. Thus, the research investigates whether polymetric nanofibers support metal oxide are a good solution to store energy. The materials used for synthesis includes N-dimethylformamide, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate and polyacrylonitrile.

These fibers are developed three phases. First, a homogenous mixture is prepared, followed by electrospinning of the mixture. Next, calcination of the prepared nanofibers was done to generate the 1D nanofibers embedded with metal oxides. The samples are primarily tested for supercapacitor applications, hydrogen evolution …

Machine Learning Approach To Stability Analysis Of Semiconductor Memory Element, Ravindra Thanniru, Gautam Kapila, Nibhrat Lohia

SMU Data Science Review

Memory stability analysis traditionally relied heavily on circuit simulation-based approaches that run Monte Carlo (MC) analysis over various manufacturing and use condition parameters. This paper researches application of Machine Learning approaches for memory element failure analysis which could mimic simulation-like accuracy and minimize the need for engineers to rely heavily on simulators for their validations. Both regressor and classifier algorithms are benchmarked for accuracy and recall scores. A high recall score implies fewer escapes of fails to field and is the metric of choice for comparing algorithm. The paper identifies that recall score in excess of 0.97 can be achieved …

Modeling Electric Energy Generation In Ercot During Extreme Weather Events And The Impact Renewable Energy Has On Grid Reliability, Adam R. Ruthford, Bivin Sadler

SMU Data Science Review

This paper shows the inadequacy of current grid backup supplies, their ongoing threat to grid reliability, and the increased risk of customer blackouts. This paper also examines reliability concerns caused by renewable energy sources under more normal operating conditions. This paper seeks to model the impacts of extreme weather on ERCOTs grid. Unusual weather patterns require that the electrical grid operates in conditions outside normal operating parameters. Electrical system demand can spike well above normal levels. At the same time, weather influences can change the operating envelope of electrical generation equipment. The ERCOT grid has changed from its’ traditional mix …

Design Methodology For Input Shapers Using Genetic Algorithms In Flexible Nonlinear Systems, Mohab Adel Hakim Meshreki

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

End Milling Process Modeling Using Artificial Neural Networks, Khaled Abdel-Hamid Elsayed

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Residential Drinking Water Quality In Maadi, Egypt, Sally Fadel Naguib El Komos

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Application Of Design Thinking On Evaluating A User Self-Service Data Analytics/Science Platform, Aheeka Pattnaik

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis is aimed at utilising design thinking and the first half of the double diamond framework to i) set-up a research and select the appropriate participants, ii) gather requirements and define user personas from those eligible participants, and then iii) define the framework for evaluating a user self-service data analytics/science platform. Derived from the author’s own experiences, both as a Business Analyst (BA) and Citizen Data Scientist, with no-, low-, and code-based data analytics and science platforms are being implemented for enabling user self-service analytics – for users who are completely new to the space of data analysis and …

Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Decontamination Of Polylactic Acid Fibers, Alexandra Craig

Mechanical Engineering Theses

Electrospun fibers have attracted attentions in topical drug delivery due to the ability to modulate drug release at high drug loading. While the pharmaceutical properties of these drug-eluting fibers were reported elsewhere, the compatibility of these fibers with hydrogen peroxide vapor, an effective decontaminant, is not fully established. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) microfibers loaded with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were electrospun to examine their compatibility with hydrogen peroxide vapor. Results suggested a strengthening effect of the PLA/ASA fibers due to intermolecular interactions of ASA with PLA, which modulated the in vitro drug release rates. After exposing PLA/ASA fibers to …

Verification Of Acoustic Dissipation In Two-Phase Dilute Dispersed Flow Models In Computational Fluid Dynamics, Brennan Reeder

Theses and Dissertations

With existing numerical models for fluid particle systems in CHEM, the acoustic-particle interactions associated with two-phase dilute dispersed flow can be captured and the particle model can be validated using experimental and analytical data and verified using numerical techniques. The experimental and analytical data come from Zink and Delsasso and provides data for particles of diameters 5 to 15 microns for frequencies between 500Hz to 13600Hz. In the particle number density measurements by Zink and Delsasso there was a 10% estimated error range. Using the fourth order skew symmetric flux in CHEM and the built in Eulerian and Lagrangian particle …

Deep Multi-Modal U-Net Fusion Methodology Of Infrared And Ultrasonic Images For Porosity Detection In Additive Manufacturing, Christian E. Zamiela

Theses and Dissertations

We developed a deep fusion methodology of non-destructive (NDT) in-situ infrared and ex- situ ultrasonic images for localization of porosity detection without compromising the integrity of printed components that aims to improve the Laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) process. A core challenge with LBAM is that lack of fusion between successive layers of printed metal can lead to porosity and abnormalities in the printed component. We developed a sensor fusion U-Net methodology that fills the gap in fusing in-situ thermal images with ex-situ ultrasonic images by employing a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for feature extraction and two-dimensional object localization. We …

Methods For Inference And Analysis Of Gene Networks From Rna Sequencing Data, Himangi Srivastava

Theses and Dissertations

RNA (Ribonuceic Acid) sequencing technology is a powerful technology used to give re- searchers essential information about the functionality of genes. The transcriptomic study and downstream analysis highlight the functioning of the genes associated with a specific biological process/treatment. In practice, differentially expressed genes associated with a particular treatment or genotype are subjected to downstream analysis to find some critical set of genes. This critical set of genes/ genes pathways infers the effect of the treatment in a cell or tissue. This disserta- tion describes the multiple stages framework of finding these critical sets of genes using different analysis methodologies …

Testing Of Methods For Reducing Motivational Bias In Multi - Criteria Decision Analysis Problems, Chadwick Samuel Kerr

Theses and Dissertations

The idea of multi-criteria decision making has been around for quite a while. All judgement tasks are potential points of bias introduction. Each judgement task was assessed to identify common biases introduced through an extensive literature review for each task and bias. In several other studies, the distinction is made between cognitive and motivational biases. Cognitive biases are widely studied and well known with mitigations that have been validated. Motivational biases are judgements influenced by the decision maker’s desire for a specific outcome, also referred to as intentional bias, that are hard to correct and received very little testing and …

Kinematics Of Inter-Ply Interfaces In Composite Manufacturing, Sandeep Chava

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The ubiquitous usage of polymer matrix composites in many applications demands a comprehensive understanding of composite interfaces and processing induced residual stresses, which critically affect both the manufacturing processes and the deformation mechanisms. Processing induced residual stresses are often responsible for causing warping, delamination, and dimensional instability in composite structures. This research includes new in-situ experimental approaches, cure cycle design, interface modification, and thermomechanical modeling for developing a fundamental understanding of the cure kinetics during composite manufacturing. Strains, ply-movement, and formation of defects are observed in-situ using digital image correlation (DIC) during the autoclave cure cycle for the first time. …