Engineering Commons^™

Identification And Quantification Of Gaseous Organic Compounds Emitted From Biomass Burning Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, Lindsay E. Hatch, Wentai Luo, James F. Pankow, Robert J. Yokelson, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Kelley Barsanti

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The current understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation within biomass burning (BB) plumes is limited by the incomplete identification and quantification of the non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) emitted from such fires. Gaseous organic compounds were collected on sorbent cartridges during laboratory burns as part of the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME- 4) and analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography– time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–ToFMS). The sensitivity and resolving power of GC × GC–ToFMS allowed the acquisition of the most extensive data set of BB NMOCs to date, with measurements for 708 positively or tentatively identified compounds. Estimated …

A Cloud-Based Modflow Service For Aquifer Management Decision Support, David Jones, Norm Jones, James Greer, Jim Nelson

Faculty Publications

A framework to publish simplified MODFLOW groundwater modeling capabilities to a web interface for use by water managers and stakeholders is presented. Numerical modeling simulations can assist aquifer management decisions, but the amount of time and professional expertise required to wield modern groundwater models often exceeds the resources of regulating agencies – even for simple modeling tasks that are repetitive in nature. The framework is capable of automating such modeling tasks, accepting user input, executing MODFLOW, and generating specialized results including maps and modeling reports. This framework was used to build a pilot system for an aquifer in central Utah, …

Risk Management In Motorway Ppp Projects: Empirical-Based Guidelines, Nunzia Carbonara, Nicola Costantino, Louis Gunnigan, Roberta Pellegrino

Articles

This paper deals with the topic of risk management in Public–Private Partnership (PPP). The analysis of the related literature reveals that risks must be analyzed and managed on a context-specific approach, and that there is a lack of a comprehensive study on the appropriate risk mitigation strategies for each risk embedded in PPP projects. Focusing on the transport sector, based on the results of a Delphi survey, the paper provides guidelines for both public and private parties in defining a list of significant risks in PPP motorway projects, and identifying for them both the effective allocation and the suitable mitigation …

On The Estimation Of Volumes Of Roadways: An Investigation Of Stop-Controlled Minor Legs, Joel Stephen Barnett

Dissertations and Theses

This effort seeks to answer the question; can a transferable model be developed from easily obtainable, publicly available land-use, census, roadway, and network data for the use in safety performance functions? 474 stop-controlled minor legs were used as the training data set using ordinary least squares regression. A best-fit model of maximum independent variables, n=12 was chosen using an exhaustive approach using Mallow's Cp to select the model with least bias in the predictors. The results of the analysis revealed that the combination of variables from Washington, Ohio, and North Carolina did not have a strong relationship. The best-fit model …

Regional Aviation Early Career Pilot Attributes Study, Stewart Wayne Schreckengast, Douglas A. Drury

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The Regional Aviation Association of Australia (RAAA) has identified a need to better understand the concerns of its members in the attraction and retention of early career pilots. RAAA has further identified the need to better understand any shortcomings in professional aviation training programs in Australia so as to provide appropriate guidance from an industry point of view. The RAAA Training and Education Committee (TEC) facilitated the undertaking of this study with its members. This study provides insight into the technical and non-technical attributes that aviation manager’s value in early career pilots.

Electric Vehicle Charging Technology Analysis And Standards, Florida Solar Energy Center, J. Doug Kettles

FSEC Energy Research Center®

This report accesses the technologies and standards associated with Electric Vehicles (EVs), Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and the related infrastructure. A review of infrastructure, highway and vehicle safety standards are included in the paper. The report also evaluates the barriers and challenges of deploying an expanded network of EV charging stations and makes recommendations to help standardize and expedite EVSE infrastructure deployment to support the accelerating growth of EVs. The study focuses on EVSE and the infrastructure for Battery-Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs); collectively known as Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs). The results are restricted to …

Sustainability, Efficiency And Equitability Of Water Consumption And Pollution In Latin America And The Caribbean, Mesfin Mekonnen, Markus Pahlow, Maite M. Aldaya, Erika Zarate

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

This paper assesses the sustainability, efficiency and equity of water use in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) by means of a geographic Water Footprint Assessment (WFA). It aims to provide understanding of water use from both a production and consumption point of view. The study identifies priority basins and areas from the perspectives of blue water scarcity, water pollution and deforestation. Wheat, fodder crops and sugarcane are identified as priority products related to blue water scarcity. The domestic sector is the priority sector regarding water pollution from nitrogen. Soybean and pasture are priority products related to deforestation. We estimate …

Analysis And Characterization Of Finite-Size Curved Frequency Selective Surfaces, Francesco Mattiello, Giovanni Leone, Giuseppe Ruvio

Articles

Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) are spatial filters that are largely employed in radomes for radars and antennas where high performance is necessary. FSS can be categorised in terms of their frequency behaviour. Band-pass FSS structures are able to let the electromagnetic wave pass in certain frequency ranges and shield others, which are especially suitable for out-of-band stealth of radomes. The properties of frequency selectiveness of these screens are used at microwave and infrared wavelengths. By tuning the electrical size and geometry of the unit-cell (patch or aperture) different frequency behaviours of the structure are generated. Although their analysis and simulation …

Study On Optimized Hull Form Of Basic Ships Using Optimization Algorithm, Hee-Jong Choi, Dong-Woo Park, Myung-Soo Choi

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In order to achieve minimum resistance for a ship hull, we used an optimization algorithm and computational fluid dynamics to develop a hull-form design. An ITTC 1957 modelship correlation line formula was used to estimate the frictional resistance coefficient, and the wave-making resistance coefficient was evaluated by the Rankine source panel method with nonlinear free-surface boundary conditions. The geometry of the hull surface was represented and modified by a B-spline surface-modeling technique during the optimization process. Wigley and series 60 (CB = 0.60) hulls were selected to obtain an optimized hull that produces minimum resistance. Experimental tests were carried out …

Improvement In Convergent-Types Of Micromixers By The Use Of Plates, Chin-Tsan Wang, Hong-Chang Zhou

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Micromixers have a wide application in the biomedical engineering and chemical industry. The passive micromixer is now widely studied because it is simple and easy to fabricate. In this study single plates applied in a convergent-type flow channel are utilized to enhance the flow mixing at a lower Reynolds number. Results show that good flow mixing could be achieved in a convergent-type flow channel. The highest flow mixing efficiency, 0.974, is found at the optimal combination of Re = 80 and plate dimensions of J = 45 μm, G1 = 15 μm, and G2 = 3 μm. Furthermore, the flow …

Estimated State Feedback Fuzzy Control For Passive Discrete Time-Delay Multiplicative Noised Pendulum Systems, Wen-Jer Chang, Chun-Hung Lin, Cheung-Chieh Ku

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper develops a fuzzy controller design method via estimated state feedback scheme for discrete-time nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems which are presented by Takagi– Sugeno fuzzy model with multiplicative noises. The proposed design method is accomplished by the concept of parallel distributed compensation. Using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and passivity theory, the stability conditions are derived to guarantee the stability and attenuation performance. An algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the derived stability conditions that belong to non-strict linear matrix inequality problems. Moreover, the discrete Jensen inequality and free-weighting matrix technique are employed to decrease the conservatism of the …

Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Cement-Based Composites With Bagasse Ash, Maochieh Chi, Ran Huang, Weichung Yeih

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Bagasse ash (BA), a byproduct of sugar and alcohol production, is among the potential pozzolanic materials that can be blended with Portland cement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of cement-based composites that have various particle sizes of BA and cement replacement percentages. Three particle size distributions—passing the No. 100, No. 200, and No. 325 sieves— and replacement of cement at 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of binder, were designed to cast nine BA composites. The performance of the BA specimens was compared with reference mortars produced using ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The experimental results …

A Novel Approach To Solve The Great Circle Track Based On Rotation Transformation, Chih-Li Chen, Tsung-Hsuan Hsieh, Tien-Pen Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The great circle track (GCT) is composed of several rhumb lines in practice. Given the initial conditions, the waypoints along the GCT can be determined by the navigator. To reduce the complex calculation in a space system, transforming the system into a planar coordinate one is considered. Thus, an idea of the plane of the celestial meridian in celestial navigation is proposed to determine the waypoints, which are presented in equator coordinate system and horizontal one. For locating the waypoints on the GCT, the rotation transformation is introduced to derive the governing equations for the computation procedures with respect to …

Research On The Earned Value Management System Applied In Consultancy Project Performance, H. Ping Tserng, Wen-Shyong Lin, Chien-Chung Li, Kai-Wei Weng, Denise C. Loisel

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Performance analyses of consultancy firms usually include man-hour analyses, schedule analyses and budget analyses. During the project management process, the project scope change makes it difficult for the management to control the project and predict the future trends. This research has developed a project performance measurement model based on the concepts of CAPP (Continuous Assessment of Project Performance) and PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge), created by the Construction Industry Institute and PMI (Project Management Institute). Through data collection, analysis, and summary, this study establishes a historical database, reviews existing records, and selects major and significant performance evaluation indicators from …

An Event-Triggered Transmission Policy For Networked L2-Gain Control, Jenq-Lang Wu, Yuan-Chang Chang, Xin-Hong Chen, Tsu-Tian Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper considers the design of networked feedback controllers with more efficient allocation of network resources. With a given admissible controller, an L2-gain preserving event-triggered transmission policy is proposed for determining whether the currently measured state at the sensor node should be sent to the controller through the network for updating control signal. In this way, not all the measured data are sent and then the network traffic in a networked control system can be reduced. An algorithm is proposed to enlarge the transmission boundary of the event-triggered transmission rule for increasing inter-transmitting times. An illustrative example is given for …

A Comparison Of Float Ownership Issues For Construction Projects Between Taiwan And China, Ming-Teh Wang, Su-Ling Fan, Chi-Chen Tsai, Luh-Maan Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Float ownership is a controversial issue in construction projects. This study, which focuses on Taiwan and China, finds that attitudes regarding float ownership differ among stakeholders with different national and occupational backgrounds. To avoid disputes, practitioners should notice these differences before signing contracts. This study uses surveys to identify the potential differences in attitude regarding three important float ownership issues. The results vary from a previous study undertaken in the United Kingdom. The major findings of the study include: (1) contracts need to include clauses related to float ownership; (2) Taiwanese contractors and Chinese owners tend to view the float …

Wave Loading Distribution Of Oscillating Water Column Caisson Breakwaters Under Non-Breaking Wave Forces, Yu-Shu Kuo, Chi-Sheng Lin, Chih-Yin Chung, Yu-Kai Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Wave energy is one of the most potential marine energy resources in Taiwan, especially in the northeast and east coast of Taiwan. There are numerous existing wave energy devices. Among them, Oscillating Water Column (OWC) caisson breakwater is very suitable for the harbors in Taiwan. This multiple function structure can generate electric power and protect harbor. To evaluate the stability of OWC caisson breakwater, the loadings induced by wave acted on the OWC caisson breakwater are analyzed. Experiments of a small scale physical model of OWC caisson breakwater is presented in this study. The model is fixed in the wave …

A Modified Algorithm Of Steepest Descent Method For Solving Unconstrained Nonlinear Optimization Problems, Chein-Shan Liu, Jiang-Ren Chang, Yung-Wei Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The steepest descent method (SDM), which can be traced back to Cauchy (1847), is the simplest gradient method for unconstrained optimization problem. The SDM is effective for well-posed and low-dimensional nonlinear optimization problems without constraints; however, for a large-dimensional system, it converges very slowly. Therefore, a modified steepest decent method (MSDM) is developed to deal with these problems. Under the MSDM framework, the original global minimization problem is transformed into a quadratic-form minimization based on the SDM and the current iterative point. Our starting point is a manifold defined in terms of the quadratic function and a fictitious time variable. …

An Experimental Field Study Using A Flexible High-Strengh Net Breakwater For Shore Protection, Chyan-Deng Jan, Ta-Hsiung Peng, Shih-Jen Huang, Hung-Chu Hsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Shorelines are subjected to severe erosion because of the action of perennial waves. Although traditional rigid structures have historically been constructed as coastline protection devices, they do not always work effectively, and certain coastal areas such as Shuang-Chun beach in Tainan, Taiwan, continue to experience serious erosion due to damaged and ineffective structures. The necessity of shore protection has been recognized in recent years, and alternative solutions are being sought. In this paper, we present a high-strength-net device that acts as a flexible breakwater to reduce wave energy, induce sediment deposition, and offer a more economic and innovative method for …

Just The Facts: A Fresh Look At Undergraduate Engineering Retention | College Of Engineering, Usu College Of Engineering

College of Engineering News

The department head and associate dean in the College of Engineering at Utah State University can pull up dozens of detailed spreadsheets and graphs outlining the latest trends in student performance.

Ceas E-News 02.13.2015, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences

College of Engineering and Applied Sciences News

• 18th TAPPI Student Summit in Savannah, Georgia
• CCE Student Receives Sharon D. Banks Award
• Research Initiation Initiative Grant to Fund Big Data Research
• Upcoming Events

Experimental Measurements Of The Spectral Absorption Coefficient Of Pure Fused Silica Optical Fibers, Travis J. Moore, Matthew R. Jones

Faculty Publications

Knowledge of the spectral absorption coefficient of fused silica optical fibers is important in modeling heat transfer in the processes and applications in which these fibers are used. An experimental method used to measure the spectral absorption coefficient of optical fibers is presented. Radiative energy from a blackbody radiator set at different temperatures is directed through the optical fibers and into an FTIR spectrometer. Spectral instrument response functions are calculated for different fiber lengths. The ratios of the slopes of the instrument response functions for the different lengths of fibers are used to solve for the spectral absorption coefficient of …

Investigating Problem-Based Learning Tutorship In Medical And Engineering Programs In Malaysia, Virginie F. C. Servant, Eleanor F. A. Dewar

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning

Although Malaysia was the first country in Asia to adopt problem-based learning (PBL), the impact that this has had on its tutors remains largely unexplored. This paper details a qualitative study of the changing perceptions of teaching roles in two groups of problem-based learning tutors in two institutional contexts—one in medicine located in Kuala Lumpur and one in engineering located in Johor Bahru. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, the authors attempt to describe the way in which the two groups have experienced their changing professional world, and the mental processes through which they rationalize the transformation of Malaysia’s educational landscape. This …

A Proposed Model For The Approach To Augmented Reality Deployment In Marketing Communications, Stephen O'Mahony

Dept. of Marketing & International Business Conference Material

In the contemporary landscape, human interaction is characterized by the pervasive mediation of intelligent agents. Owing to advances in computer science and engineering, phenomena once limited to fixed locations are metamorphosing from extraneous entities to implicit components of the everyday. Computing power has simultaneously enhanced and miniaturized to the extent that contemporary consumer devices demonstrate power equivalent to or greater than that of personal computers of recent memory. At the same time, network connectivity has proliferated to ubiquitous levels, reflected in the fact that the amount of inanimate objects connected to the Internet has recently surpassed the human population of …

Elimination Of Hydrogenase Active Site Assembly Blocks H2 Production And Increases Ethanol Yield In Clostridium Thermocellum, Ranjita Biswas, Tianyong Zheng, Daniel G. Olson, Lee R. Lynd, Adam M. Guss

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The native ability of Clostridium thermocellum to rapidly consume cellulose and produce ethanol makes it a leading candidate for a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) biofuel production strategy. C. thermocellum also synthesizes lactate, formate, acetate, H₂ , and amino acids that compete with ethanol production for carbon and electrons. Elimination of H₂ production could redirect carbon flux towards ethanol production by making more electrons available for acetyl coenzyme A reduction to ethanol. Results: H₂ production in C. thermocellum is encoded by four hydrogenases. Rather than delete each individually, we targeted hydrogenase maturase gene hydG, involved in converting the …

Superheated Liquid And Supercritical Denatured Ethanol Extraction Of Antioxidants From Crimson Red Grape Stems, Johnathon Wenzel, Lihua Wang, Cheryl Samaniego, La'shyla Nelson, Korrine Ketchum, Michelle Ammerman, Ali Zand

Chemical Engineering Publications

Grapes are widely known for health benefits due to their antioxidant content. In wine production, grape stems are often discarded, though they has a higher content of antioxidants than the juice. The effectiveness of using an environmentally friendly solvent, ethanol, as a superheated liquid and supercritical fluid to extract antioxidant compounds from grape stems of organically grown Crimson Seedless grapes was evaluated. The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay and the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), or Folin-Ciocalteu assay, were used to quantify the antioxidant power of grape stem extracts. The extractions were performed at temperatures between 160°C and 300°C …

Experimental Characterization And Correlation Analysis Of Indoor Channels At 15 Ghz, Xin Zhou, Zhangdui Zhong, Bei Zhang, Ruisi He, Ke Guan, Qi Wang, David W. Matolak

Faculty Publications

The indoor radio channels at 15 GHz are investigated based on measurements. The large- and small-scale fading behaviors as well as the delay dispersion characteristics are discussed. It is found that the large-scale fading, Ricean -factor, and delay spread can be described by log-normal distributions. Furthermore, both autocorrelation and cross correlation properties of the above parameters are analyzed and modeled. These parameters characterize fading and delay behaviors as well as their mutual dependency and can be used as empirical values for future wireless system design and simulation in 15 GHz short-range indoor channels.

The C-130 Hercules In Vietnam, 1971-72, John Hopper

ERAU Prescott Aviation History Program

Learn how the famous C-130 Hercules came about and how it was used extensively in Vietnam. Hear Lt Gen Hopper, who flew it then as young 1st Lt, discuss the concept of ‘tactical aviation’ and how hazardous resupply missions were planned and conducted. Or, as he modestly puts it “How to fly from A to B without getting shot!” Real stories from a real combat pilot. He will also talk about its more recent use in Desert Storm

Next-Generation Raman Tomography Instrument For Non-Invasive In Vivo Bone Imaging, Jennifer-Lynn H. Demers, Francis W. L. Esmonde-White, Karen A. Esmonde-White, Michael D. Morris, Brian Pogue

Dartmouth Scholarship

Combining diffuse optical tomography methods with Raman spectroscopy of tissue provides the ability for in vivo measurements of chemical and molecular characteristics, which have the potential for being useful in diagnostic imaging. In this study a system for Raman tomography was developed and tested. A third generation microCT coupled system was developed to combine 10 detection fibers and 5 excitation fibers with laser line filtering and a Cytop reference signal. Phantom measurements of hydroxyapatite concentrations from 50 to 300 mg/ml had a linear response. Fiber placement and experiment design was optimized using cadaver animals with live animal measurements acquired to …

Using Cross-Linked Su-8 To Flip-Chip Bond, Assemble, And Package Mems Devices, Robert A. Lake, Ronald A. Coutu Jr.

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This paper investigates using an SU-8 photoresist as an adhesive material for flip-chip bonding, assembling, and packaging microelectromechanical systems devices. An important factor, when using SU-8 as an adhesive material is to control ultraviolet (UV) exposure during fabrication to maximize bond strength due to material cross linking. This approach is much improved over previous efforts where SU-8 bake times and temperatures where changed to alter material cross-linking. In this paper, bake times and temperatures were maintained constant and total UV exposure energy was varied. Once fabricated, bond strength was systematically tested to determine the tensile loads needed to separate bonded …