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Articles 1 - 30 of 172
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Spectral-Efficiency Of Multi-Antenna Links In Ad-Hoc Networks With Limited Tx Csi, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Spectral-Efficiency Of Multi-Antenna Links In Ad-Hoc Networks With Limited Tx Csi, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Siddhartan Govindasamy
An asymptotic expression is derived for the mean spectral efficiency of multi-antenna links randomly distributed on a plane in a uniform manner where transmitters (Tx) have Channel-State-Information (CSI) of the channels between themselves and their target receivers while receivers (Rx) have CSI between themselves and all transmitters. The mean per-link spectral efficiency in the network is found to increase if nodes transmit using a subset of their strongest channel modes instead of the link-optimal strategy of water-filling on all channel modes (Farrokhi et al.). For reasonable parameters, this system which requires limited Tx CSI, has approximately double the mean spectral …
Spectral Efficiency In Single-Hop Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks With Interference Using Adaptive Antenna Arrays, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Spectral Efficiency In Single-Hop Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks With Interference Using Adaptive Antenna Arrays, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Siddhartan Govindasamy
Receivers with N antennas in single-hop, ad-hoc wireless networks with nodes randomly distributed on an infinite plane with uniform area density are studied. Transmitting nodes have single antennas and transmit simultaneously in the same frequency band with power P that decays with distance via the commonly-used inverse-polynomial model with path-loss-exponent (PLE) greater than 2. This model applies to shared spectrum systems where multiple links share the same frequency band. In the interference-limited regime, the average spectral efficiency of a representative link E[C] (b/s/Hz/link) is found to grow as log(N) and linearly with PLE, and its variance decays as 1/N. The …
Cdf Of The Spectral-Efficiency Of A Simple Distributed Channel Assignment Algorithm In Spatially Distributed Wireless Networks, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Raghu Rangan, Elena Koukina, Ashley Lloyd
Cdf Of The Spectral-Efficiency Of A Simple Distributed Channel Assignment Algorithm In Spatially Distributed Wireless Networks, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Raghu Rangan, Elena Koukina, Ashley Lloyd
Siddhartan Govindasamy
The Cumulative-Distribution-Function (CDF) of the spectral efficiency of links in spatially distributed networks with orthogonal channels and a simple channel assignment algorithm is presented for constant link-lengths and nearest-neighbor links. Transmitters are randomly distributed on the plane with uniform probability, and receivers are either randomly distributed or at hexagonal lattice sites. This result includes random channel assignments as a special case. The CDF is used to find the spectral efficiency for a given, small outage probability which is used to optimize the number of channels to maximize the spectral efficiency. The optimum number of channels represents the best trade off …
On The Spectral Efficiency Of Links With Multi-Antenna Receivers In Non-Homogenous Wireless Networks, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss
On The Spectral Efficiency Of Links With Multi-Antenna Receivers In Non-Homogenous Wireless Networks, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss
Siddhartan Govindasamy
An asymptotic technique is developed to find the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) and spectral efficiency of a link with N receiver antennas in wireless networks with non-homogeneous distributions of nodes. It is found that with appropriate normalization, the SINR and spectral efficiency converge with probability 1 to asymptotic limits as N increases. This technique is applied to networks with power-law node intensities, which includes homogeneous networks as a special case, to find a simple approximation for the spectral efficiency. It is found that for receivers in dense clusters, the SINR grows with N at rates higher than that of homogeneous networks and …
The Performance Of Linear Multiple-Antenna Receivers With Interferes Distributed On A Plane, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Filip Antic, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
The Performance Of Linear Multiple-Antenna Receivers With Interferes Distributed On A Plane, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Filip Antic, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Siddhartan Govindasamy
We find an asymptotic expression for the average signal to interference ratio (SIR) between a transmitter with a single isotropic antenna and a multi-antenna linear receiver in the presence of interferers with single isotropic transmit antennas distributed uniformly on an infinite plane. The channels are modeled as complex Gaussian random variables with average received power dependent on the distance separating nodes. We find that in large networks, the average SIR for a representative link depends primarily on the ratio of the number of receive antenna elements to the area density of interferers. Furthermore for our network model, the SIR grows …
Minimizing Hidden-Node Network Interference By Optimizing Siso And Mimo Spectral Efficiency, Daniel Bliss, Siddhartan Govindasamy
Minimizing Hidden-Node Network Interference By Optimizing Siso And Mimo Spectral Efficiency, Daniel Bliss, Siddhartan Govindasamy
Siddhartan Govindasamy
In this paper, the optimal spectral efficiency (data rate divided by the message bandwidth) that minimizes the probability of causing disruptive interference for ad hoc wireless networks or cognitive radios is investigated. Two basic problem constraints are considered: a given message size, or fixed data rate. Implicitly, the trade being optimized is between longer transmit duration and wider bandwidth versus higher transmit power. Both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) links are considered. Here, a link optimizes its spectral efficiency to be a “good neighbor.” The probability of interference is characterized by the probability that the signal power received …
Linear Mmse Receivers For Random Cdma In Wireless Networks With Equal Transmit Powers, Siddhartan Govindasamy, David Staelin
Linear Mmse Receivers For Random Cdma In Wireless Networks With Equal Transmit Powers, Siddhartan Govindasamy, David Staelin
Siddhartan Govindasamy
The performance of single-hop links in ad-hoc wireless systems using direct-sequence (DS) code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) with random signature sequences and linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) receivers is investigated. Expressions for the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) and spectral efficiency (b s-1 Hz-1 link-1) were derived for a representative link in the presence of interferers distributed randomly on a plane with uniform area density p interferers m-2. Nodes transmit with equal power P, which decays with distance r as r-alpha. An expression for the optimum spreading factor given system parameters is also provided. It is found that for …
Asymptotic Spectral Efficiency Of Multiantenna Links In Wireless Networks With Limited Tx Csi, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Asymptotic Spectral Efficiency Of Multiantenna Links In Wireless Networks With Limited Tx Csi, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Siddhartan Govindasamy
An asymptotic technique is presented for finding the spectral efficiency of multiantenna links in spatially distributed wireless networks where transmitters have channel-state-information (CSI) corresponding to their target receiver. Transmitters are assumed to transmit independent data streams on a limited number of channel modes which limits the rank of transmit covariance matrices. An approximation for the spectral efficiency in the interference-limited regime as a function of link-length, interferer density, number of antennas per receiver and transmitter, number of transmit streams, and path-loss exponent is derived. It is found that targeted-receiver CSI, which can be acquired with low overhead in duplex systems …
Asymptotic Data Rates Of Receive-Diversity Systems With Mmse Estimation And Interferers At Correlated Locations, Siddhartan Govindasamy
Asymptotic Data Rates Of Receive-Diversity Systems With Mmse Estimation And Interferers At Correlated Locations, Siddhartan Govindasamy
Siddhartan Govindasamy
An asymptotic technique is presented to characterize the bits/symbol achievable on a representative wireless link in a spatially distributed network with active interferers at correlated positions, N receive diversity branches, and linear Minimum-Mean-Square-Error (MMSE) receivers. The models analyzed include analogs to Matern type I and type II networks. It is found that for our network models, with large N, the correlation between interferer positions does not significantly influence the bits/symbol resulting in simple approximations for the data rates achievable in such networks with moderately large numbers of diversity branches.
Spectral Efficiency Of Wireless Networks With Multi-Antenna Base Stations And Spatially Distributed Nodes, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Spectral Efficiency Of Wireless Networks With Multi-Antenna Base Stations And Spatially Distributed Nodes, Siddhartan Govindasamy, Daniel Bliss, David Staelin
Siddhartan Govindasamy
We analyze networks with wireless nodes distributed randomly in space, transmitting simultaneously in the same channel to their nearest base-stations using a simple power control algorithm. Base-stations are on a hexagonal grid and have N optimally-phased antennas. We derive the asymptotic mean upstream spectral efficiency(validated by simulation) as a function of N, wireless-node density, base-station separation, and path-loss-exponent which controls signal attenuation with distance. These results indicate that mean per-link spectralefficiency is constant if the number of receive antennas or density of base-stations is increased linearly withwireless node density. They also improve our understanding of systems like city-wide wireless Internet …
Casting A Wider Net, Lynn Stein
Casting A Wider Net, Lynn Stein
Lynn Andrea Stein
This article is a book review of Mung Chiang's book Networked Life: 20 Questions and Answers. In this text intended for both classroom and online learning, Chiang uses questions about our online lives to explore the technology and computer science behind the Internet, wireless, and Web industries.
Reviewing The American University Law Review On Extraterritoriality: A Critical Response To Viki Economides, Note, Tianrui Group Co. V. Itc: The Dubious Status Of Extraterritoriality And The Domestic Industry Requirement Requirement Of Section 337(Link), Jonathan R. K. Stroud
Jonathan R. K. Stroud
Recently, the Federal Circuit upheld the Commission’s decision to exclude goods based on a trade secret violation that largely happened abroad. The American University Law Review critiqued that decision on two grounds: First, that a presumption against extraterritorial application of U.S. law applied; and second, that licensing alone could not establish a domestic industry. The American University Law Review's critique remains incomplete, however, as the Federal Circuit correctly decided the case for at least two reasons. first, the Federal Circuit correctly applied the “extraterritorial presumption” canon of construction; and second, the recent Federal Circuit decision in InterDigital Communications LLC v. …
Developing Regional Building Inventories: Lessons From The Field, Thalia Anagnos, Mary Comerio, Christine Goulet, Peter J. May, Marjorie Greene, David L. Mccormick, David Bonowitz
Developing Regional Building Inventories: Lessons From The Field, Thalia Anagnos, Mary Comerio, Christine Goulet, Peter J. May, Marjorie Greene, David L. Mccormick, David Bonowitz
Thalia Anagnos
Between 2008 and 2011 members of the Concrete Coalition completed numerous building inventories of California cities to assemble a database of California pre-1980 concrete buildings. Inventory collectors used a variety of data sources ranging from county assessors files to Sanborn maps and satellite images. Sidewalk surveys were used to corroborate data collected from multiple sources, and a regression model was developed to extrapolate data to cities where detailed inventory collection was not possible. Lessons drawn from inventories of three cities – Alameda, Los Angeles, and San Francisco – indicate that no single approach can be recommended, but instead the approach …
Effects Of Electrostatic Correlations On Electrokinetic Phenomena, Brian Storey, Martin Bazant
Effects Of Electrostatic Correlations On Electrokinetic Phenomena, Brian Storey, Martin Bazant
Brian Storey
The classical theory of electrokinetic phenomena is based on the mean-field approximation that the electric field acting on an individual ion is self-consistently determined by the local mean charge density. This paper considers situations, such as concentrated electrolytes, multivalent electrolytes, or solvent-free ionic liquids, where the mean-field approximation breaks down. A fourth-order modified Poisson equation is developed that captures the essential features in a simple continuum framework. The model is derived as a gradient approximation for nonlocal electrostatics of interacting effective charges, where the permittivity becomes a differential operator, scaled by a correlation length. The theory is able to capture …
An Interactive Exploration Of Gender And Engineering: Unpacking The Experience, Debbie Chachra, Lynn Stein, Alisha Sarang-Sieminski, Caitrin Lynch, Yevgeniya Zastavker
An Interactive Exploration Of Gender And Engineering: Unpacking The Experience, Debbie Chachra, Lynn Stein, Alisha Sarang-Sieminski, Caitrin Lynch, Yevgeniya Zastavker
Lynn Andrea Stein
The engineering student experience is understood to differ for male and female students; gendered interactions affect the development of academic and professional role confidence, as well as engineering identity. The purpose of this session is twofold. First, we aim to introduce participants to concepts of gender schemas, privilege, and identity using a range of interactive activities, including brainstorming and structured discussion. Second, we intend to share information about and obtain feedback on a Gender Discussion Exploration Kit, which the participants will be encouraged to review, use, and share at their home institutions.
Vacuum Microelectronic Integrated Differential Amplifier, S. Hsu, W. Kang, J. Davidson, J. Huang, David Kerns, Jr.
Vacuum Microelectronic Integrated Differential Amplifier, S. Hsu, W. Kang, J. Davidson, J. Huang, David Kerns, Jr.
David V. Kerns
Reported is a novel vacuum field emission transistor (VFET) differential amplifier (diff-amp) utilising nanocrystalline diamond emitters with self-aligned gate partitions. The integrated VFET diff-amp was fabricated by a dual-mask self-aligned mould transfer method in conjunction with chemical vapour deposited nanodiamond. Identical pairs of devices with well-matched field emission transistor characteristics were obtained, realising a negligible common-mode gain, high differential-mode gain, and large common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 55 dB. The emission current was validated by a modified Fowler-Nordheim equation in transistor configuration, and the CMRR was modelled by an equivalent half-circuit with the calculated result found to agree well with …
Editorial: Social Implications Of Technology- “Il Buono, Il Brutto, Il Cattivo”, Katina Michael
Editorial: Social Implications Of Technology- “Il Buono, Il Brutto, Il Cattivo”, Katina Michael
Professor Katina Michael
Late last year, IEEE SSIT was invited to put together a paper for the centennial edition of Proceedings of the IEEE that was published in May 2012. The paper titled, “Social Implications of Technology: The Past, the Present, and the Future,” brought together five members of SSIT with varying backgrounds, and two intense months of collaboration and exchange of ideas. I personally felt privileged to be working with Karl D. Stephan, Emily Anesta, Laura Jacobs and M.G. Michael on this project.
In-Situ Investigation Of Slurry Flow Fields During Cmp, N. Mueller, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Robert White, M. Moinpour
In-Situ Investigation Of Slurry Flow Fields During Cmp, N. Mueller, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Robert White, M. Moinpour
Vincent P. Manno
The objective of this work is to obtain in situ slurry fluid flow data during the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process. Slurry flow affects the material removal processes, the creation of defects, and consumable use during CMP, and therefore impacts the cost and quality of polishing. Wafer-scale flow visualization using seeded slurry was accomplished for a variable applied load ( downforce), wafer rotation speed (0 and ), slurry injection locations, and various pad types (flat, grooved, and AC grooved). In situ pad conditioning was employed in all experiments. The data indicated complex slurry flow fields on the pad surface in …
Thermoelectric Module-Variable Conductance Heat Pipe Assemblies For Reduced Power Temperature Control, Corey Melnick, Marc Hodes, Gennady Ziskind, Martin Cleary, Vincent Manno
Thermoelectric Module-Variable Conductance Heat Pipe Assemblies For Reduced Power Temperature Control, Corey Melnick, Marc Hodes, Gennady Ziskind, Martin Cleary, Vincent Manno
Vincent P. Manno
Thermoelectric modules (TEMs) are used to precisely maintain the setpoint temperature of photonic components generating variable heat loads under varying ambient conditions. The non-component side of TEMs is mounted onto conventional heat sinks (CHSs). At any combination of setpoint temperature, heat load and ambient temperature, there is a unique thermal resistance between the non-component side of a TEM and the ambient corresponding to minimal TEM power consumption. Indeed, a zero thermal resistance heat sink minimizes power consumption when a TEM operates in refrigeration mode, but when it operates in heating mode a relatively high thermal resistance one is optimal. This …
Stick-Slip Transitions In Chemical Mechanical Planarization, J. Vlahakis, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers, Robert White
Stick-Slip Transitions In Chemical Mechanical Planarization, J. Vlahakis, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers, Robert White
Vincent P. Manno
As semiconductor device sizes continue to shrink and economic realities drive ever increasing yield targets, achieving wafer scale planarity through the application of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) has become increasingly challenging. The dynamics of the wafer–pad interface is critical to maintaining this uniformity. Utilizing measured friction coefficients (0.3–0.6), we report on the transitions from a smooth planarization regime to a stick-slip regime and vice versa over a set of two applied vertical loads and three relative velocities during the CMP process. Finally, we note a correlation between time spent in a stick-slip regime and platen velocity.
Optimized Thermoelectric Module-Heat Sink Assemblies For Precision Temperature Control, Rui Zhang, David Brooks, Marc Hodes, Vincent Manno
Optimized Thermoelectric Module-Heat Sink Assemblies For Precision Temperature Control, Rui Zhang, David Brooks, Marc Hodes, Vincent Manno
Vincent P. Manno
Robustprecision temperature control of photonics components is achieved by mountingthem on thermoelectric modules (TEMs) which are in turn mountedon heat sinks. However, the power consumption of TEMs ishigh because high currents are driven through Bi2Te3-based semiconducting materialswith high electrical resistivity and finite thermal conductivity. This problemis exacerbated when the ambient temperature surrounding a TEM variesin the usual configuration where the air-cooled heat sink aTEM is mounted to is of specified thermal resistance. Indeed,heat sinks of negligible and relatively high thermal resistances minimizeTEM power consumption for sufficiently high and low ambient temperatures,respectively. Optimized TEM-heat sink assemblies reduce the severity of thisproblem. …
Measurement Of Microscale Shear Forces During Chemical Mechanical Planarization, Robert White, Andrew Mueller, Minchul Shin, Douglas Gauthier, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers
Measurement Of Microscale Shear Forces During Chemical Mechanical Planarization, Robert White, Andrew Mueller, Minchul Shin, Douglas Gauthier, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers
Vincent P. Manno
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) posts with a diameter of 80 mu m were used to measure the shearing forces at the wafer-pad interface during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). Measurements are made at 10 kHz with measurable forces between 40 and 400 mu N. The structures were polished using a stiff, ungrooved pad and 3 wt % fumed silica slurry at velocities of 0.3 and 0.6 m/s and average wafer-pad normal load of 5.0 and 9.1 kPa. Due to the small fraction of the pad that contacts the wafer, the local microscale forces can be much larger than the global average force might …
Transient Thermomechanical Simulation Of Laser Hammering In Optoelectronic Package Manufacturing, Ben Ting, Vincent Manno
Transient Thermomechanical Simulation Of Laser Hammering In Optoelectronic Package Manufacturing, Ben Ting, Vincent Manno
Vincent P. Manno
Laser hammering (LH) is a process used in the manufacturing of butterfly optoelectronic packages to correct laser-to-fiber misalignment that occurs when the semiconductor lasers are welded in place. High-power, precisely positioned pulsed lasers are used in LH to induce deformation of the fiber support housing to, in turn, induce realignment. A thermomechanical modeling study of LH is reported in this paper, which focuses on the degree to which a steady-state model can predict the asymptotic state of a transient response subjected to a periodic laser excitation. A baseline, two-dimensional fiber mounting/ferrule geometry is employed in a finite element analysis simulation …
Simulated Effects Of Measurement Noise On Contact Measurements Between Rough And Smooth Surfaces, Caprice Gray, Robert White, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers
Simulated Effects Of Measurement Noise On Contact Measurements Between Rough And Smooth Surfaces, Caprice Gray, Robert White, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers
Vincent P. Manno
To test the accuracy of optically measuring contact, we examined the height distribution histogram of a simulated rough surface contacting a smooth surface. We qualified the technique sensitivity as a function of the inverse signal-to-noise ratio having values ranging from 0 to 0.3. An explanation of how the analysis technique can be applied to Dual Emission Laser-Induced Fluorescence (DELIF) measurements is provided.
Synchronous, In-Situ Measurements In Chemical Mechanical Planarization, J. Vlahakis, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Robert White, M. Moinpour, D. Hooper, S. Anjur
Synchronous, In-Situ Measurements In Chemical Mechanical Planarization, J. Vlahakis, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Robert White, M. Moinpour, D. Hooper, S. Anjur
Vincent P. Manno
Achieving device- and wafer-scale planarity in integrated circuit manufacturing is increasingly challenging as device sizes are reduced to and smaller, and wafer sizes are increased from . Hence a better understanding of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes is needed. We report the synchronous, in situ measurement of wafer forces [coefficient of friction (CoF)] and wafer orientation during CMP polishing of BK7 glass wafers and the ex situ measurement of material removal rate (MRR) over a wide range of applied vertical loads and relative rotational velocities. MRR appears to be Prestonian and was significantly reduced by moving the slurry injection location …
Viewing Asperity Behavior Under The Wafer During Chemical Mechanical Polishing, Caprice Gray, Daniel Apone, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Chris Barns, Mansour Moinpour, Sriram Anjur, Ara Philipossian
Viewing Asperity Behavior Under The Wafer During Chemical Mechanical Polishing, Caprice Gray, Daniel Apone, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Chris Barns, Mansour Moinpour, Sriram Anjur, Ara Philipossian
Vincent P. Manno
Recent experimental advances using dual emission laser induced fluorescence and image processing have provided high spatial and temporal resolution maps of the slurry layer during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Intensity differences in the images correspond to fluid layer thickness variations as the slurry passes between different pad and wafer topographies. Asperities expand under 14 μm deep wells and are compressed beyond the trailing edge of the wells. Air pockets travel from the leading to the trailing edge of the wafer through 27 μm deep wells. The pads tested were Freudenberg FX9, Rodel IC1000, and experimental pads from Cabot Microelectronics.
In-Situ Measurement Of Pressure And Friction During Cmp Of Contoured Wafers, A. Scarfo, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers, Sriram Anjur, Mansour Moinpour
In-Situ Measurement Of Pressure And Friction During Cmp Of Contoured Wafers, A. Scarfo, Vincent Manno, Chris Rogers, Sriram Anjur, Mansour Moinpour
Vincent P. Manno
In situ fluid film pressure and interfacial friction measurements during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) are reported over a range of applied loads (27.6-41.4 kPA or 4-6 psi) and relative pad/wafer velocities . The slurry film pressure beneath contoured test wafers was measured using a novel experimental setup that enables dynamic data collection. The friction data have a repeatability of . The uncertainty of the pressure measurements and the computed down forces were and 20%, respectively. The data indicate that wafer shape, specifically global curvature, is a significant factor in determining the lubrication regime during CMP. Full hydrodynamic lubrication, in which …
Modeling Of Dual Emission Laser Induced Fluorescence For Slurry Thickness Measurements In Chemical Mechanical Polishing, Caprice Gray, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Robert White
Modeling Of Dual Emission Laser Induced Fluorescence For Slurry Thickness Measurements In Chemical Mechanical Polishing, Caprice Gray, Chris Rogers, Vincent Manno, Robert White
Vincent P. Manno
Dual emission laser induced fluorescence (DELIF) is a technique for measuring the instantaneous thin fluid film thickness in dynamic systems. Two fluorophores within the system produce laser induced emissions that are filtered and captured by two cameras. The ratio of the images from these cameras is used to cancel the effect of the laser beam profile on the image intensity. The resultant intensity ratio can be calibrated to a fluid film thickness. The utilization of a 2-dye system when applied to Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is complicated by the fluorescence of the polymeric polishing pad and the light scattering particles …
Visor Scratch Repair And Prevention, Andrew Heafitz, Benjamin Linder, Marta Luczynska, Mark Scott
Visor Scratch Repair And Prevention, Andrew Heafitz, Benjamin Linder, Marta Luczynska, Mark Scott
Benjamin Linder
Severe eye injuries occur in 30 percent of demining accidents. Visors are known to be effective personal protective equipment when worn properly, but deminers often lift or remove their visors because scratches, glare or fog make them hard to see through, or because they are hot, heavy and uncomfortable to wear. Addressing each of these specific design problems could increase visor use and prevent a significant number of debilitating injuries. This paper presents methods for preventing and eliminating scratches on demining visors.
Integrating Engineering Science And Design: A Definition And Discussion, Benjamin Linder, Woodie Flowers
Integrating Engineering Science And Design: A Definition And Discussion, Benjamin Linder, Woodie Flowers
Benjamin Linder
An important goal of an undergraduate engineering curriculum is to facilitate students' development of an integrated understanding of engineering. Although attempts have been made to integrate engineering science and design curricula, many students are not developing knowledge and skills that synthesize the subjects covered by these two curricula. A few observations of student performance are provided that suggest this lack of integration. A definition of integration is proposed and used to discuss possible reasons why engineering science and design curricula are not well integrated. The definition is based on the observable outcomes and behavior students produce while engaged in learning …