Engineering Commons^™

Monitoring, Diagnosis, And Control For Advanced Anesthesia Management, Zhibin Tan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Modern anesthesia management is a comprehensive and the most critical issue in medical care. During the past dacades, a large amount of research works have been focused on the problems of monitoring anesthesia depth, modeling the dynamics of anesthesia patient for the purpose of control, prediction, and diagnosis.

Monitoring the anesthesia depth is not only for keeping the patient in adquate anesthesia level but also for preventing the patient from overdosing. Several EEG based indexes have been developed such as the BIS, and Entropy etc. for measuring depth. However, reports mentioned that those indexes in some cases fail in detecting …

Autonomic Management Of Virtualized Resources In Cloud Computing, Jia Rao

Wayne State University Dissertations

The last five years have witnessed a rapid growth of cloud computing in business, governmental and educational IT deployment. The success of cloud services depends critically on the effective management of virtualized resources. A key requirement of cloud management is the ability to dynamically match resource allocations to actual demands, To this end, we aim to design and implement a cloud resource management mechanism that manages underlying complexity, automates resource provisioning and controls client-perceived quality of service (QoS) while still achieving resource efficiency.

The design of an automatic resource management centers on two questions: when to adjust resource allocations and …

Efficient Channel Allocation And Medium Access Organization Algorithms For Vehicular Networking, Zaydoun Yahya Rawashdeh

Wayne State University Dissertations

Due to the limited bandwidth available for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), organizing the wireless channel access to efficiently use the bandwidth is one of the main challenges in VANET. In this dissertation, we focus on channel allocation and media access organization for Vehicle-to-Roadside Units (V2R) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications. An efficient channel allocation algorithm for Roadside Unit (RSU) access is proposed. The goal of the algorithm is to increase system throughput by admitting more tasks (vehicles) and at the same time reduce the risk of the admitted tasks. The algorithm admits the new requests only when their requirements can be …

An Augmented Reality Interface For Multi-Robot Tele-Operation And Control, Sam Yung-Sen Lee

Wayne State University Dissertations

This thesis presents a seamlessly controlled human multi-robot system comprised of ground and aerial robots of semi-autonomous nature for source localization tasks. The system combines augmented reality interfaces capabilities with human supervisor's ability to control multiple robots. It used advanced path planning algorithms to ensure obstacles are avoided and that the operators are free for higher-level tasks. A sensor data fused AR view is displayed which helped the users pin point source information or help the operator with the goals of the mission. The paper studies a preliminary Human Factors evaluation of this system in which several interface conditions are …

Design And Fabrication Of A Prototype Aluminum Nitride-Based Pressure Sensor With Finite Element Analysis And Validation, Xinyu Du

Wayne State University Dissertations

Since 1985 when the first robot PUMA 560 was employed to place a needle during a brain CT biopsy, surgical robots have become ubiquitous in clinical surgeries. Despite its advantages and success in surgeries, the interactions between the robot and the surgeons remain deficient, especially for the pressure sensing which plays an important role. Inspired by our previous work on bacterial sensing, in the current work I have designed, fabricated, analyzed, and evaluated an innovative prototype pressure sensor based on Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) and Shear Horizontal (SH)-SAW. This AlN-based device has unique superiority over other SAW …

Analytical And Experimental Investigations Of Ships Impact Interaction With One-Sided Barrier, Ihab M. Grace

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study deals with impact interaction of ships with one-sided ice barrier during roll dynamics. An analytical model of ship roll motion interacting with ice is developed based on Zhuravlev and Ivanov non-smooth coordinate transformations. These transformations have the advantage of converting the vibro-impact oscillator into an oscillator without barriers such that the corresponding equation of motion does not contain any impact term. Such approaches, however, account for the energy loss at impact times in different ways. The present work, in particular, brings to the attention the fact that the impact dynamics may have qualitatively different response characteristics to different …

Identification, State Estimation, And Adaptive Control Of Type I Diabetic Patients, Ali Mohamad Hariri

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

IDENTIFICATION, STATE ESTIMATION, AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF TYPE I DIABETIC PATIENTS

by

ALI MOHAMAD HARIRI

May 2012

Advisor: Dr. Le Yi Wang

Major: Electrical Engineering

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

During the past few decades, biomedical modeling techniques have been applied to improve performance of a wide variety of medical systems that require monitoring and control. Diabetes is one of the most important medical problems. Most of the existing techniques assume the system to be time-invariant, and the original minimal model was modified by deleting some important parameters. In this research, the original minimal model that consists of three differential …

Processing Random Signals In Neuroscience, Electrical Engineering And Operations Research, Kalyan Raman

Wayne State University Dissertations

The topic of this dissertation is the study of noise in electrical engineering, neuroscience, biomedical engineering, and operations research through mathematical models that describe, explain, predict and control dynamic phenomena. Noise is modeled through Brownian Motion and the research problems are mathematically addressed by different versions of a generalized Langevin equation. Our mathematical models utilize stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and stochastic optimal control, both of which were born in the soil of electrical engineering. Central to this dissertation is a brain-physics based model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, whose structure is fundamentally determined by an electrical circuit analogy. Our general …

Improving Safety And Mobility At High-Speed Intersections With Innovations In Sensor Technology, Anuj Sharma, Darcy M. Bullock, Senem Velipasalar, Mauricio Casares, Jacob Schmitz, Nathaniel P. Burnett

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

A series of innovations has been made in the vehicle sensors field. Technologies such as IntelliDrive and radar-based smart sensors make it pos­sible to track each vehicle in proximity to an intersection. However, current technologies have limitations, such as lack of robustness, accuracy, or level of penetration. This paper assumes an accurate wide-area detector (WAD), which might be soon available, and highlights the potential benefits that might be derived in safety and efficiency of oper­ations at high-speed intersections from the deployment of the WAD. Two critical areas in which wide-area detection can lead to significant improvements are discussed: (a) location …

Analysis Of Turbulent Hydraulic Jump Over A Transitional Rough Bed Of A Rectangular Channel: Universal Relations, Noor Afzal, A. Bushra, Abu Seena

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The streamwise flow structure of a turbulent hydraulic jump over a rough bed rectangular channel has been investigated. The flow is divided into inner and outer layers, where upstream supercritical flow changes to downstream subcritical flow. The analysis is based on depth averaged Reynolds momentum equations. The molecular viscosity on the rough bed imposes the no slip boundary condition, but close to the wall the turbulent process in inner layer provides certain matching conditions with the outer layer, where molecular viscosity has no dominant role. It is shown that the bed roughness in the inner layer has a passive role …

Effects Of Thermo-Mechanical Loading From In-Situ Studies Of Eb-Pvd Thermal Barrier Coatings, Melan N. Jansz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The thermo-mechanical effects on the strain evolution within an EB-PVD thermal barrier coating (TBC) is presented in this work using in-situ characterization. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction at sector 1-ID at the Argonne National Laboratory provided both qualitative and quantitative in-situ data on the strain evolution under a thermal cycle with mechanical loading. The results show that at a critical combination of temperature and load, the stress in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer in the TBC reaches a tensile region. These significant findings enhance existing literature showing purely compressive strains within the TGO where mechanical loads have been neglected. The results …

Designing A Membrane Module For Determining The Permeance Of High Fluxing Membranes And The Testing Rtil-Membranes For Dehumidification., Sikyun Bae

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Membrane-based gas dehumidification can have technical energy, and economical advantages over other dehumidification technologies. Because, it is simple to install, ease to operate, and take low process cost. Removal of water vapor from gases constitutes a significant expenditure of energy in our society. Dehydration via a membrane process would constitute wide spread energy savings. This thesis explores experimental issues involved with testing Room Temperature Ionic Liquid(RTIL)-membrane for dehumidifying gases. RTIL-membranes or Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) have advantageous performance for the separations of the gas pair CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2. Previous research did not separate the membrane mass transport resistance the …

Experimental Damage Diagnosis Of A Model Three-Story Spatial Frame, Samantha Sabatino

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Structural damage can be induced by a variety of events from short-term abnormal stresses to long-term natural aging. Detection of changes in a structure's ability to withstand subsequent loads can aid decisions on safety, repair, rehabilitation, and demolition. Dynamic property shifts can show internal cracks and minor damage before propagation or failure occurs, but only if a proper indicator is selected. In order to evaluate potential damage indices, a three-story metal frame building was constructed. Using Star Modal software, dynamic structural properties were obtained from modal decomposition on experimental tap test responses. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the …

Column Capacity Evaluation For Low-Rise Moment Frame Steel Buildings In Mississippi Subject To Wind And Seismic Hazards, Yihong Shi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For the design of steel frame structures, AISC outlines approaches of second-order analysis. In this study, two of these approaches are considered: Amplified First-Order Analysis Method and Direct Analysis Method. The methods were studied using SAP2000. Amplification of moments in a two-story plane frame subject to a wind load case is computed using both methods and shown to be of comparable magnitude for small deformations. ASCE/SEI 7 and IBC provisions were used to develop lateral design load conditions for the frames. In this study, a hypothetical building was assumed to be constructed in four different locations (Southaven, Batesville, Jackson and …

Fire Sensor Optimization, Josiah Thomas

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Melting Point Depression Of Lead-Free Solder By Gold, Julie E. Thomas

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Improved Joining Method For Segmental Prestressed Structures, Ralph Warren Jensen

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation addresses the need for more robust and materially efficient structures, specifically structures that absorb higher levels of energy, can self-erect and which have variable reaction capabilities. These structures can take much higher levels of strain and loading compared to current technologies in reinforced concrete and carbon fiber composites. These structures are made using a novel method of joining segmental elements. A great advantage with this segmental structural system is it's survivability under overloaded conditions. During an impact, or concentrated pressure load, the structure will wrap around the impact zone thereby widely distributing the contact stresses. This function or …

Development Of A Gis Fiber Optics Assetmanagement System For The City Of El Paso, Luis Fernando Quintana

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The GIS Fiber Optics Asset Management System (GFOAMS) was developed for the City of El Paso, to manage the public fiber optics infrastructure. Using a map-driven interface, the GFOAMS is composed of three modules: inventory, documents, and images. Its interactive multilayer data structure contains information for Junction Boxes, Conduit Runs, and Cables for twelve fiber optic systems across the city. The fiber optics network stored in the GFOAMS connects city buildings and facilities such as police departments, fire departments, municipal courts, health administration building, public transportation facilities/Sun Metro, libraries and others. Applications of the GFOAMS include tools to easy access …

Development And Characterization Of The Oxidation Behavior Of Various High Temperature Niobium Based Alloys, Benedict Isabel Portillo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The oxidation response of various niobium based refractory alloys from the Nb-Mo-Si-B-X alloy system has been examined at temperatures between 700 and 1400°C in air. The development of these alloys was part of an ongoing effort to develop and discover a new materials system capable of replacing nickel based super alloys. Additions of titanium were found to provide limited oxidation resistance. A discontinuous layer of TiO2 was observed to from at temperatures above 1100°C. Alloys containing titanium additions were observed to suffer from pest oxidation at low and intermediate temperatures due to the development of Nb2O5. Poor oxidation resistance at …

Development Of Load Balancing Algorithm Based On Analysis Of Multi-Core Architecture On Beowulf Cluster, Damian Valles

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this work, analysis, and modeling were employed to improve the Linux Scheduler for HPC use. The performance throughput of a single compute-node of the 23 node Beowulf cluster, Virgo 2.0, was analyzed to find bottlenecks and limitations that affected performance in the processing hardware where each compute-node consisted of two quad-core processors with eight gigabytes of memory. The analysis was performed using the High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark.

In addition, the processing hardware of the compute-node was modeled using an Instruction per Cycle (IPC) metric that was estimated using linear regression. Modeling data was obtained by using the Tuning …

Utepcam: A Scalable Wireless Vision Sensor Architecture For Computational, Power And Bandwidth Constrained Scenarios, Ricardo Zepeda

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

UTEPcam is a low cost and power vision sensor node system. UTEPcam is composed of an Atmel atmega32 8-bit microcontroller, a CY7C09099V static RAM chip, an OV6620 CMOS image sensor, a XBEE transceiver and a SD Flash memory card, and four logic gates. UTEPcam's simple yet efficiently architecture enables it to capture video at one frame per second. At its absolute highest, it is estimated that UTEPcam consumes only 1.321 Amps. When in standby, UTEPcam consumes 21 microamps. Furthermore, UTEPcam's program takes up only 1Kbyte of memory space.

UTEPcam's CPU, a simple 8-bit MCU, is unlike most vision sensor node …

An Ultra Low Power Subthreshold Delta Sigma Digital To Analog Converter, Ricardo Baca

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Abstract

In the last four decades the incorporation of analog, digital and mixed-signal integrated circuits (IC) using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology has been dramatically increasing and is improving almost every aspect of modern life. Furthermore, the continuous advances in CMOS Very Large System Integration (VLSI) technology allow higher integration densities and the increasing number of subsystems in a single chip results in higher speed execution and lower power consumption. Therefore, the increasing digitalization in electronic circuits across a wide range of battery-operated applications where reliability and power dissipation are critical requires Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) with higher …

Analysis Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds In Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Perspective Of Trans-Boundary Waterborne Pollution, Roberto De La Torre

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Recent decades have brought an increasing concern of potential adverse human and ecological health effects resulting from Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDCs). In particular from new emerging compounds such as natural estrogens (e.g., 17©¬-estradiol, estrone), synthetic estrogens (e.g., 17Â¥á-ethynylestradiol), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOS), and nonylphenol (NP). These chemicals which are also known as organic wastewater contaminants are released directly to the environment after passing through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which often are not designed to remove them from the effluent. The occurrence of the aforementioned compounds in surface water is becoming of increasing concern worldwide, and has led to …

Tin Dioxide Memristors On Glass And Plastic Substrates, Oscar Del Real

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

NanoMIL has studied and developed SnO2-based memristors, while the W.M Keck Center has been a research leader in printed silver inks. The focus of this thesis is to take the previous generation of memristors on glass and develop a process for creating memristors on flexible Kapton film for the first time. Moreover, collaborative work between the two UTEP laboratories produced memristors with printed silver top electrode contacts, also for the first time. These approaches may enable inexpensive flexible memory.

Maturation of the process was achieved by understanding important process parameters and subtle differences between glass and Kapton substrates. Moreover, electrical …

Development Of A New Mix Design Method And Specification Requirements For Asphalt Treated Bases, Hector Antonio Hernandez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Asphalt stabilized bases in Texas are usually designed and constructed as per Item 292, "Asphalt Treatment (Plant Mixed)," of the 2004 Standard Specification book. This specification is a hybrid of base and hot mix asphalt concrete procedures and requirements, which are sometimes incompatible. In addition, this Item uses a specific Texas Gyratory compactor that is not readily available to all districts. Some districts have started using test method Tex-204-F, Part III, `Mix Design for Large Stone Mixtures Using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor." However, this procedure was originally developed to design Type A and Type B hot mix at 96% density …

Applicability Of Nanofluids In High Flux Solar Collectors, R. A. Taylor, P. E. Phelan, Todd Otanicar, C. A. Walker, M. Nguyen, S. Trimble, R. Prasher

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Works

Concentrated solar energy has become the input for an increasing number of experimental and commercial thermal systems over the past 10-15 years [M. Thirugnanasambandam et al., Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 14 (2010)]. Recent papers have indicated that the addition of nanoparticles to conventional working fluids (i.e., nanofluids) can improve heat transfer and solar collection [H. Tyagi et al., J. Sol. Energy Eng. 131, 4 (2009); P. E. Phelan et al., Annu. Rev. Heat Transfer 14 (2005)]. This work indicates that power tower solar collectors could benefit from the potential efficiency improvements that arise from using a nanofluid working fluid. A …

Advanced Underwater Vehicle Navigation, M. Jordan Stanway

Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship Reports

Underwater vehicles–both manned and unmanned–are critical in our efforts to explore and study the depths of the ocean. Most underwater sensors possess a relatively small field of view; this means they must be carried over large distances to achieve high spatial coverage and resolution. The vast amount of data these sensors collect is much more valuable if the location of the vehicle is precisely known at the time the data is collected. This gives rise to the maxim: The data is only as good as the navigation. Navigation remains a challenging problem for underwater vehicles. Fundamental limitations of sensing technology …

Improving Sli Performance In Optically Challenging Environments, Eric Dedrick

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The construction of 3D models of real-world scenes using non-contact methods is an important problem in computer vision. Some of the more successful methods belong to a class of techniques called structured light illumination (SLI). While SLI methods are generally very successful, there are cases where their performance is poor. Examples include scenes with a high dynamic range in albedo or scenes with strong interreflections. These scenes are referred to as optically challenging environments.

The work in this dissertation is aimed at improving SLI performance in optically challenging environments. A new method of high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) based on …

The Application Of Discontinuous Galkerin Finite Element Time-Domain Method In The Design, Simulation And Analysis Of Modern Radio Frequency Systems, Bo Zhao

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The discontinuous Galerkin finite element time-domain (DGFETD) method has been successfully applied to the solution of the coupled curl Maxwell’s equations. In this dissertation, important extensions to the DGFETD method are provided, including the ability to model lumped circuit elements and the ability to model thin-wire structures within a discrete DGFETD solution. To this end, a hybrid DGFETD/SPICE formulation is proposed for high-frequency circuit simulation, and a hybrid DGFETD/Thin-wire formulation is proposed for modeling thin-wire structures within a three-dimensional problem space. To aid in the efficient modeling of open-region structures, a Complex Frequency Shifted-Perfectly Matched Layer (CFS-PML) absorbing medium is …

Computational Analyses Of The Uptake And Distribution Of Carbon Monoxide (Co) In Human Subjects, Kinnera Chada

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas that binds to hemoglobin with high affinity. This property underlies the use of low doses of CO to determine hemoglobin mass (M_Hb) in the fields of clinical and sports medicine. However, hemoglobin bound to CO is unable to transport oxygen and exposure to high CO concentrations is a significant environmental and occupational health concern. These contrasting aspects of CO—clinically useful in low doses but potentially lethal in higher doses—mandates a need for a quantitative understanding of the temporal profiles of the uptake and distribution of CO …