Engineering Commons^™

Opportunities For Lean Enterprise In Public Regional Transportation, Levent Baykut

ETD Archive

This thesis demonstrates the application of Lean Enterprise principles in a unionized/government-subsidized environment. This study states that Lean cannot be fully implemented in such an environment. The work environment and organization's culture required a hybrid system to maximize the process efficiency. Lean production is a manufacturing philosophy that focuses on adding value for the customer. It is commonly accepted that Lean is applicable to almost any repetitive process in any kind of organization, including government agencies and unionized work environments. The objective of this thesis was to research the opportunities and applicability for Lean Enterprise in public transportation. During the …

Dc-Dc Power Converter Design For Application In Welding Power Source For The Retail Market, Edward J. Oshaben

ETD Archive

The purpose of this study is to design and analyze a DC-DC power converter for application in a welding power source that is cost-competitive with the more traditional, lower-tech welding power source topologies. This thesis first presents a background study of recent design approaches to DC-DC power converters, as they relate to application in welding power converters. The background study also surveys recent design approaches to welding power source controls. Evaluation of available options in DC-DC converter topologies and switching schemes for application in a welding power source is presented. Design methodology of a low-cost DC-DC converter for application in …

Experimental Study Of Cooperative Communication Using Software Defined Radios, Murali Krishna Marunganti

ETD Archive

The aim of this thesis is to implement and test a real time wireless communication environment. Cooperative Communication is one of the methods by which a reliable communication can be obtained. This is performed using a Software Defined Radio. The received output is compared with the actual signal that is transmitted over the wireless channel. The wireless communications are often hindered by the noisy environments and make the system unreliable. The interference from neighboring nodes also poses a major disadvantage. There is a necessity to improve the performance of the system where the neighbor nodes can work in coordination with …

Computational Complexity Of Signal Processing Functions In Software Radio, Kushal Y. Shah

ETD Archive

The increased usage of mobile communication devices has imposed a challenge of achieving efficient communication with minimum power consumption. Moreover, with the advent of software defined radios (SDR), it is highly possible that signal processing functions would be implemented in software in future mobile devices. Hence, the power consumption of these future devices will be directly related to the power consumed by the processor that executes SDR software. This thesis aims at analyzing the computational complexity of different modulation schemes and signal processing communication functions of IEEE WiFi standard. This analysis provides good insight on how the computational load varies …

Dynamics And Control Of An Electric Power Assist Steering System, Prasanth Babu Kandula

ETD Archive

In this thesis an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) is applied to Electrical Power Assist Steering (EPAS) system which assists the driver in steering the steering wheel of an automobile. Our control objective is to reduce the steering torque exerted by a driver, so that good steering feel of the driver will be achieved in the presence of external disturbances and system uncertainties which are very common in the EPAS system. The robustness and stability of ADRC controlled EPAS system is investigated through frequency-domain analyses. The Bode diagrams and stability margins demonstrate that the control system is stable during the …

Sensing And Control Of Mems Accelerometers Using Kalman Filter, Kai Zhang

ETD Archive

Surface micromachined low-capacitance MEMS capacitive accelerometers which integrated CMOS readout circuit generally have a noise above 0.02g. Force-to-rebalance feedback control that is commonly used in MEMS accelerometers can improve the performances of accelerometers such as increasing their stability, bandwidth and dynamic range. However, the controller also increases the noise floor. There are two major sources of the noise in MEMS accelerometer. They are electronic noise from the CMOS readout circuit and thermal-mechanical Brownian noise caused by damping. Kalman filter is an effective solution to the problem of reducing the effects of the noises through estimating and canceling the states contaminated …

A Theoretical Model Of The Effect Of Bone Defects On Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Finite Element Approach, Piyush Walia

ETD Archive

Presence of either a Hill Sachs or a Bony Bankart lesion has been indicated as a possible cause of subluxation and anterior shoulder dislocation. Previous studies have investigated only effects of these isolated lesions on the glenohumeral instability of the shoulder. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effect of both Bony Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion in the glenohumeral joint on the stability of the shoulder. We hypothesize that as the size of the lesion increases, the glenohumeral joint's stability will decrease. We further hypothesize that the presence of both defects together will reduce the glenohumeral joint's …

Application Of Differential Scanning Calorimetry To Characterize Thin Film Deposition Processes, Andrew John Roger Snell

ETD Archive

With the recent increase in awareness on the environmental impact of industrial coating processes, chromate-based coating processes have been elevated to the rank of the technologies targeted by the EPA for rapid replacement by environmentally friendly processes. Therefore, there is a clear need for advances in coating technologies to identify alternative industrial practices. This thesis characterizes a process developed at Cleveland State University as an alternative deposition technique to generate uniform coatings onto solid substrates. A kinetic analysis to extract scale up parameters involved in the reaction kinetics leading to high-performance coatings is demonstrated in this research. The work consists …

Thermal Analysis Of Natural Convectiona And Radiation In Porous Fins, Mehulkumar G. Maheria

ETD Archive

No abstract provided.

Heat Transfer In A Nanofluid Flow Past A Permeable Continuous Moving Surface, Sarvang D. Shah

ETD Archive

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a boundary layer analysis for the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of an incompressible nanofluid flowing over a permeable isothermal surface moving continuously. The resulting system of non-linear ordinary differential equations is solved numerically using Runge-Kutta method with shooting techniques. Numerical results are obtained for the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, as well as the friction factor, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number for several values of the parameters, namely the velocity ratio parameter, suction/injection parameter and nanofluid parameters. The obtained results are presented graphically and in tabular form …

Natural Convection In A Porous Medium Saturated By Nanofluid, Kaustubh Ghodeswar

ETD Archive

A boundary layer analysis is presented for the natural convection heat and mass transfer flow past along two different geometries i.e., a vertical cone and an isothermal sphere in a Non-Darcy porous medium saturated with a nanofluid. A co-ordinate transformation is used to transform the governing equations into non-dimensional non-similar boundary layer equations. These equations are then solved numerically using implicit finite difference method (Keller-box method). Numerical solutions for heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate and friction factor have been presented for parametric variations of the buoyancy ratio parameter N-r, Brownian motion parameter Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt and Lewis number …

Geochemical Investigations Of Metals Release From Submerged Coal Fly Ash Using Extended Elutriate Tests, A. J. Bednar, M. A. Chappell, J. M. Seiter, J. K. Stanley, D. E. Averett, W. T. Jones, B. A. Pettway, A. J. Kennedy, S. H. Hendrix, J. A. Steevens

United States Army: Publications

A storage pond dike failure occurred at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant that resulted in the release of over 3.8 million cubic meters (5 million cubic yards) of fly ash. Approximately half of this material deposited in the main channel of the Emory River, 3.5 km upstream of the confluence of the Emory and Clinch Rivers, Tennessee, USA. Remediation efforts to date have focused on targeted removal of material from the channel through hydraulic dredging, as well as mechanical excavation in some areas. The agitation of the submerged fly ash during hydraulic dredging introduces river water into the …

Study Of Strawberry Flavored Milk Under Pulsed Electric Field Processing, Daniela Bermúdez-Aguirre, Jaime A. Yáñez, C. Patrick Dunne, Neal M. Davies, Gustavo V. Barbosa-Cánovas

United States Army: Publications

Few studies exist on flavored milk processed by pulsed electric fields (PEF). The main concern is product stability. This study aimed to analyze the degradation of coloring agent Allura Red in strawberry milk under PEF. Four systems were tested containing Allura Red: two commercial milks and two model systems. PEF conditions were 40 kV/cm, 48 pulses (2.5 μs), and 55 °C; coloring agent was quantified via RP-HPLC. After processing, only minor changes were observed in color, Allura Red concentration, and pH. During storage (32 d) at refrigerated conditions (4 °C) commercial samples maintained pH above 6. Model systems dropped below …

Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection In A Burn Icu Patient, Joseph M. Boyer, Peter J. Blatz, Kevin S. Akers, Jason F. Okulicz, Kevin K. Chung, Evan M. Rentz, Duane R. Hospenthal, Clinton K. Murray

United States Army: Publications

Infection is a leading cause of mortality in burn patients, typically due to bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, less commonly fungi, and possibly viruses. In non-burn patients with underlying pulmonary or cutaneous disease, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have become an increasingly recognized cause of infection, especially in patients who are immunocompromised. Patients with severe burns might have higher rates of NTM infections due to inherent risks associated with the burn injury: compromised skin integrity, immunocompromised state, inhalation injury, and frequent use of indwelling vascular catheters. To date there have been no reports describing the incidence of …

Acute Caffeine Consumption Enhances The Executive Control Of Visual Attention In Habitual Consumers, Tad T. Brunyé, Caroline R. Mahoney, Harris R. Lieberman, Grace E. Giles, Holly A. Taylor

United States Army: Publications

Recent work suggests that a dose of 200–400 mg caffeine can enhance both vigilance and the executive control of visual attention in individuals with low caffeine consumption profiles. The present study seeks to determine whether individuals with relatively high caffeine consumption profiles would show similar advantages. To this end, we examined the effects of four caffeine doses (0 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg) on low- and high-level visual attention in individuals with high consumption profiles (n = 36), in a double-blind study using a repeated measures design. Results from the Attention Network Test indicated that caffeine enhanced both …

Genomics And Proteomics In Chemical Warfare Agent Research: Recent Studies And Future Applications, Patrick A. Everly, James F. Dillman

United States Army: Publications

Medical research on the effects of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has been ongoing for nearly 100 years, yet these agents continue to pose a serious threat to deployed military forces and civilian populations. CWAs are extremely toxic, relatively inexpensive, and easy to produce, making them a legitimate weapon of choice for terrorist organizations. While the mechanisms of action for manyCWAshave been known for years, questions about their molecular effects following acute and chronic exposure remain largely unanswered. Global approaches that can pinpoint which cellular pathways are altered in response to CWAs and characterize long-term toxicity have not been widely used. …

The Effects Of Bleedarrest, Celox, And Traumadex On Hemorrhage Control In A Porcine Model, Brian Gegel, James Burgert, Brian Cooley, Jacob Macgregor, Jules Myers, Sean Calder, Ralph Luellen, Michael Loughren, Don Johnson

United States Army: Publications

Background

Hemorrhage is the second leading cause of death in civilian trauma and the leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. The purpose
of this study was to examine the effectiveness of three hemostatic agents: BleedArrest, TraumaDex, and Celox.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective, experimental study using male Yorkshire swine. The pigs (n = 5 per group) were randomly assigned to one of the following: BleedArrest, TraumaDex, Celox, or control. To simulate a trauma injury, the investigators generated a complex groin injury with transection of the femoral artery and vein in all pigs. After 1 min of …

Effects Of The Heet Garment In The Prevention Of Hypothermia In A Porcine Model, Don Johnson, Brian Gegel, James Burgert, Geoffrey W, Duncklee, Ricci R. Robinson, Eric J. Lewis, Paul M. Crum, William Kuhns, Daniel Moore, Scott O'Brien, Joel Elliott, Jason Washington, John Boyle, Dale Seigler

United States Army: Publications

Background

Hypothermia is a common battlefield trauma occurrence. This study compared the effectiveness of the hypothermia, environmental, exposure, and trauma (HEET) garment (Trident Industries, Beaufort, SC) with and without thermal inserts with a control group of two wool blankets in the prevention of hypothermia in a treated hypovolemic porcine model.

Materials and methods

Five female swine (Sus scrofa-Yorkshire cross) were assigned to each of three
groups: HEET with thermal inserts (n=5); HEET without thermal inserts (n=5); or control (n=5). After the animals were anesthetized and stabilized for 30min, the swine were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30mm …

Morphology Control Of Tungsten Nanorods Grown By Glancing Angle Rf Magnetron Sputtering Under Variable Argon Pressure And Flow Rate, Khedir R. Khedir, Ganesh K. Kannarpady, Hidetaka Ishihara, Justin Woo, Charles Ryerson, Alexandru S. Biris

United States Army: Publications

Morphologically novel tungsten nanorods (WNRs) with the co-existence of two crystalline phases, α-W (thermodynamically stable) and β-W, were fabricated by glancing angle RF magnetron sputtering technique under various Ar pressures and flow rates. For these nanorods, a significant variation in their morphology and surface roughness was observed. These structures could be useful in a wide range of applications such as field emission, robust superhydrophobic coatings, energy, and medicine.

Inflammatory Effects Of Inhaled Sulfur Mustard In Rat Lung, Rama Malaviya, Vasanthi R. Sunil, Jessica Cervelli, Dana R. Anderson, Wesley W. Holmes, Michele L. Conti, Ronald E. Gordon, Jeffrey D. Laskin, Debra L. Laskin

United States Army: Publications

Inhalation of sulfur mustard (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes severe lung damage, is a significant threat to both military and civilian populations. The mechanisms mediating its cytotoxic effects are unknown and were investigated in the present studies. Male rats Crl:CD(SD) were anesthetized, and then intratracheally intubated and exposed to 0.7–1.4 mg/kg SM by vapor inhalation. Animals were euthanized 6, 24, 48 h or 7 days post-exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and lung tissue collected. Exposure of rats to SM resulted in rapid pulmonary toxicity, including focal ulceration and detachment of the trachea and bronchial epithelia from underlying …

Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Infection Of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells By A Monoclonal Antibody That Binds To Phosphoinositides And Induces Secretion Of Β-Chemokines, Gary R. Matyas, Lindsay Wieczorek, Divya Bensal, Agnes-Laurence Chenine, Eric Saunders-Buell, Sodsai Tovanabutra, Jerome H. Kim, Victoria Polonis, Carl R. Alving

United States Army: Publications

A murine IgG mAb, WR321, selected for the ability to bind to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate, but an inability to bind to any of 17 other lipids, including phosphatidylinositol, was examined as a probe for studying interactions of HIV-1 with primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The WR321 mAb broadly neutralized CCR5-tropic strains of HIV-1 to prevent infection of the cells. The mAb also exhibited direct interaction with cells in the culture, resulting in secretion of chemokines that interfered with the interaction of HIV-1 virions with CCR5, the coreceptor for HIV-1 on the susceptible cells, leading to inhibition of infection …

Multiscale Modeling Of The Impact Of Textile Fabrics Based On Hybrid Element Analysis, Gaurav Nilakantan, Michael Keefe, Travis A. Bogetti, John W. Gillespie Jr.

United States Army: Publications

In this work, a multi scale modeling approach has been developed to simulate the impact of woven fabrics using a finite element (FE) analysis. A yarn level of resolution is used in the model. This approach, referred to as the hybrid element analysis (HEA) is based on decreasing the complexity of the finite element model with distance away from the impact zone based on the multiscale nature of the fabric architecture and the physics of the impact event. Solid elements are used to discretize the yarns around the impact region, which transition to shell elements in the surrounding region. A …

Shrapnel-Induced Mandibular Hypomobility, David E. Palo, Paul J. Warden

United States Army: Publications

Mandibular hypomobility can develop from direct injury to, or as a result of disorders affecting, the supporting structures of the temporomandibular joint. This can be subdivided into intra-articular and extraarticular processes. Ankylosis is commonly associated with trauma (31% to 98%), followed by infections (10% to 49%) and systemic disease (10%). Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is an intra-articular process characterized by fibrous, fibro-osseous, or osseous obliteration of the joint space. Pseudoankylosis involves extracapsular causes of restricted jaw motion that include, but are not limited to, coronoid-zygomatic fusion, coronoid hypertrophy, and muscular fibrosis. Shrapnel injuries can be as devastating as high-velocity gunshot wounds, …

Biological Transformation Pathways Of 2,4-Dinitro Anisole And N-Methyl Paranitro Aniline In Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Bioreactors, William E. Platten Iii, David Bailey, Makram T. Suidan, Stephen W. Maloney

United States Army: Publications

The US Army is evaluating new, insensitive explosives to produce safer munitions. Two potential new components are 2,4-dinitro anisole (DNAN) and N-methyl paranitro aniline (MNA), which would eventually make their way to waste streams generated in the production and handling of new munitions. The effectiveness of anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors (AFBB) was studied for treatment and transformation of these two new chemical components in munitions. Each compound was fed into a separate reactor and monitored for removal and transformation, using ethanol as the electron donor. The results show that both were degradable using the AFBB system. DNAN was found to transform …

Characterization Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Flow-Field Flow Fractionation Interfaced To Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, A. R. Poda, A. J. Bednar, A. Harmon, M. Hull, D. M. Mitrano, J. F. Ranville, J. Steevens

United States Army: Publications

The ability to detect and identify the physiochemical form of contaminants in the environment is important for degradation, fate and transport, and toxicity studies. This is particularly true of nanomaterials that exist as discrete particles rather than dissolved or sorbed contaminant molecules in the environment. Nanoparticles will tend to agglomerate or dissolve, based on solution chemistry, which will drastically affect their environmental properties. The current study investigates the use of field flow fractionation (FFF) interfaced to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICPMS) as a sensitive and selective method for detection and characterization of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to …

Current Us Military Operations And Implications For Military Surgical Training, Joshua A. Tyler, Kevin S. Clive, Christopher E. White, Alec C. Beekley, Lorne H. Blackbourne

United States Army: Publications

BACKGROUND:

Since 2001, US military surgeons have deployed frequently, with many surgeons deploying within 1 year of graduating residency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate readiness of recent graduates to manage combat-related injuries and to make recommendations for improvements in training military surgeons.

STUDY DESIGN:

We reviewed casualties treated at the 31^st Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad from December 2003 to November 2004.We identified 3,426 wounded patients; of these, 2,648 (77.3%) required an operative procedure. There were 2,788 patients (81.4%) who sustained penetrating injuries. The most common procedures performed were debridement of wounds (39%), skeletal fixation (14.7%), …

Monotonic And Cyclic Short Beam Shear Response Of 3d Woven Composites, T. R. Walter, G. Subhash, University Of Florida, C. F. Yen

United States Army: Publications

Monotonic, multi-step and cyclic short beam shear tests were conducted on 2D and 3D woven composites. The test results were used to determine the effect of z-yarns on the inter-laminar shear strength as well as the multi-loading behavior. The presence of z-yarns was found to affect not only the inter-laminar shear strength of the composite but also the behavior of the composite beyond the elastic limit. Microscopic examination of the damaged specimens revealed large delamination cracks in 2D woven composites while delamination cracks were hindered by z-yarns in 3D composites. This crack arrest phenomena resulted in a reduction in inter-laminar …

Evaluation Of Biological Cell Properties Using Dynamic Indentation Measurement, Guoxin Cao, Namas Chandra

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

Viscoelastic mechanical properties of biological cells are commonly measured using atomic force microscope (AFM) dynamic indentation with spherical tips. A semiempirical analysis based on numerical simulation is built to determine the cell mechanical properties. It is shown that the existing analysis cannot reflect the accurate values of cell elastic/dynamic modulus due to the effects of substrate, indenter tip size, and cell size. Among these factors, substrate not only increases the true contact radius but also interferes the indentation stress field, which can cause the overestimation of cell moduli. Typically, the substrate effect is much stronger than the other two influences …

Luminescence Enhancement Of Cdte Nanostructures In Laf3:Ce/Cdte Nanocomposites, Mingzhen Yao, Xing Zhang, Lun Ma, Wei Chen, Alan G. Joly, Jinsong Huang, Qingwu Wang

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Radiation detection demands new scintillators with high quantum efficiency, high energy resolution, and short luminescence lifetimes. Nanocomposites consisting of quantum dots and Ce³⁺ doped nanophosphors may be able to meet these requirements. Here, we report the luminescence enhancement of LaF₃:Ce/CdTe nanocomposites which were synthesized by a wet chemistry method. CdTe quantum dots in LaF₃:Ce/CdTe nanocomposites are converted into nanowires, while in LaF₃ /CdTe nanocomposites no such conversion is observed. As a result, the CdTe luminescence in LaF₃:Ce/CdTe nanocomposites is enhanced about five times, while in LaF₃ /CdTe nanocomposites no enhancement was …

Directional Annealing-Induced Texture In Melt-Spun (Sm12Co88)99Nb1 Alloy, Tanjore V. Jayaraman, P. Rogge, Jeffrey E. Shield

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Developing texture in nanocrystalline permanent magnet alloys is of significant importance. Directional annealing is shown to produce texture in the permanent magnet alloy (Sm₁₂Co₈₈)₉₉Nb₁. Melt spinning produced isotropic grain structures of the hard magnetic metastable SmCo₇ phase, with grain sizes of ∼300 nm. Conventional annealing of melt-spun (Sm₁₂Co₈₈)₉₉Nb₁ alloy produced Sm₂Co₁₇ phase with random crystallographic orientation. Directional annealing of melt-spun (Sm₁₂Co₈₈)₉₉Nb₁ alloy, with appropriate combinations of annealing temperature and translational velocity, produced Sm_{2 …}