Engineering Commons^™

Formal Scenario Development For Environmental Impact Assessment Studies., Y. Liu, M. Mahmoud, H. Hartmann, S. Stewart, T. Wagener, D. Semmens, R. Stewart, H. Gupta, D. Dominguez, D. Hulse, R. Letcher, B. Rashleigh, C. Smith, R. Street, J. Ticehurst, M. Twer, H. Van Delden, D. White

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Scenario analysis is the process of evaluating possible future events through the consideration of alternative plausible, though not equally likely, states (scenarios). The definition by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) best represents scenarios considered in the natural sciences:

"A scenario is a coherent) internally consistent and plausible description of a possible future state of the world. It is not a forecast; rather, each scenario is one alternative image ~fhow the future can unfold."(http://ipcc-ddc.cru. uea.ac.uk/ ddc_definitions. htnll)

Good Modelling Practice, N. Crout, T. Kokkonen, A.J. Jakeman, J.P. Norton, L.T.H. Newham, R. Anderson, H. Assaf, B.F.W. Croke, N. Gaber, J. Gibbons, D. Holzworth, J. Mysiak, J. Reichl, R. Seppelt, T. Wagener, P. Whitfield

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Best-practice guidelines for Modelling have been developed by a numbers of organizations to promote better understanding of model development and application, facilitate tests of model quality and provide a framework for documenting and communicating modelling activities among modellers and decision makers. Good practice within a Data Mining paradigm is presented in Chapter 12.

Test 1898a: Case Ih Magnum 215 Diesel, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Missouri River Recovery Program Bald Eagles And Cottonwood Trees: A Dynamic Duo

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Cottonwood trees are essential to the preservation of the mighty bald eagle along the Missouri River. Bald eagles come to the Missouri River to nest, to
rest during migration and to roost over the winter. Eagles prefer to nest, rest and roost in cottonwood trees because they are sturdy enough to support large nests and are located in areas with plentiful food sources. To survive and reproduce, cottonwood trees require certain levels of soil moisture and nutrients, which historically were provided regularly by the Missouri River’s floods.

The symbol of our country and the only sea eagle native to North …

Dynamic Impact Testing Of Crt Wood Posts In A Rigid Sleeve, Steven W. Arens, Ronald K. Faller, John R. Rohde, Karla A. Polivka

Mid-America Transportation Center: Final Reports and Technical Briefs

Dynamic impact testing was performed on 152-mm x 203-mm (6-in. x 8-in.) CRT wood posts placed in a rigid sleeve at various angles. A total of nine bogie tests were performed with three tests each at 0, 90, and 45 degree rotation angles relative to the strong axis of bending. For each bogie test, the raw acceleration data was obtained from accelerometers and was filtered. Then, force-displacement and energy-displacement graphs were plotted. Based on the results, the properties and strengths of the CRT wood posts at the different impact angles were determined. The results of this study will be the …

Nebraska Summary: S721 New Holland T4030, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary: S765 New Holland Td5030, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Test 1938a: Case Ih Dx 50 Also Farmall 50, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Factors Affecting The Spread Of A Bioterrorist Agent Throughout A Building, William A. Cantrell

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Bioterrorism has become a greater concern for Americans since the 2001 anthrax letters. Recent studies have explored the possibilities of biological attacks, and most deal with possible large-scale attacks. However, there is reason to believe that small-scale attacks are more likely. Even though there have been investigations of the postal delivery system and the spread of bioagents through mail, few if any studies have looked at attack on a single building and the resultant spread form room to room. One particular method of attacking a building would be a single-even release of an aerosol bioagent in the building. This paper …

High Cycle Fatigue Of Aa6082 And Aa6063 Aluminum Extrusions , Nicholas E. Nanninga

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

The high cycle fatigue behavior of hollow extruded AA6082 and AA6063 aluminum extrusions has been studied. Hollow extruded aluminum profiles can be processed into intricate shapes, and may be suitable replacements for fatigue critical automotive applications requiring reduced weight. There are several features inherent in hollow aluminum extrusions, such as seam welds, charge welds, microstructural variations and die lines. The effects of such extrusion variables on high cycle fatigue properties were studied by taking specimens from an actual car bumper extrusion. It appears that extrusion die lines create large anisotropy differences in fatigue properties, while welds themselves have little effect …

Graduate School Academic Catalog 2008-2009, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology

AFIT Documents

The Graduate Catalog represents the offerings, programs, and requirements in effect at the time of publication.

A Scalable Clustered Camera System For Multiple Object Tracking, Senem Velipasalar, Jason Schlessman, Cheng-Yao Chen, Wayne H. Wolf, Jaswinder P. Singh

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Reliable and efficient tracking of objects by multiple cameras is an important and challenging problem, which finds wide-ranging application areas. Most existing systems assume that data from multiple cameras is processed on a single processing unit or by a centralized server. However, these approaches are neither scalable nor fault tolerant. We propose multicamera algorithms that operate on peer-to-peer computing systems. Peer-to-peer vision systems require codesign of image processing and distributed computing algorithms as well as sophisticated communication protocols, which should be carefully designed and verified to avoid deadlocks and other problems. This paper introduces the scalable clustered camera system, which …

Genomic Counter-Stress Changes Induced By The Relaxation Response, Jeffery A. Dusek, Hasan H. Otu, Ann L. Wohlhueter, Manoj Bhasin, Luiz F. Zerbini, Marie G. Joseph, Herbert Benson, Towia A. Libermann

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Mind-body practices that elicit the relaxation response (RR) have been used worldwide for millennia to prevent and treat disease. The RR is characterized by decreased oxygen consumption, increased exhaled nitric oxide, and reduced psychological distress. It is believed to be the counterpart of the stress response that exhibits a distinct pattern of physiology and transcriptional profile. We hypothesized that RR elicitation results in characteristic gene expression changes that can be used to measure physiological responses elicited by the RR in an unbiased fashion.

Methods/Principal Findings: We assessed whole blood transcriptional profiles in 19 healthy, long-term practitioners of daily RR …

Proteomic Identification Of Interleukin-2 Therapy Response In Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer, Jon Jones, Hasan H. Otu, Franck Grall, Dimitrios Spentzos, Handan Can, Manuel Aivado, Arie S. Belldegrun, Allan J. Pantuck, Towia A. Libermann

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Introduction—To detect a predictive protein profile that distinguishes between IL-2 therapy responders and non-responders among metastatic RCC patients we used surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI TOF-MS).

Materials and Methods—Protein extracts of 56 metastatic clear cell RCC patients obtained from radical nephrectomy specimens and prior to IL-2 therapy were applied to protein chip arrays of different chromatographic properties and analyzed using SELDI TOF-MS. A class prediction algorithm was applied to identify a subset of protein peaks whose expression values were associated with IL-2 response status. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between the proteomic profile …

Differential Expression Of Gadd45Β In Normal And Osteoarthritic Cartilage: Potential Role In Homeostasis Of Articular Chondrocytes, Kosei Ijiri, Luiz F. Zerbini, Haibing Peng, Hasan H. Otu, Kaneyuki Tsuchimochi, Miguel Otero, Cecilia Dragomir, Nicole Walsh, Benjamin E. Bierbaum, David Mattingly, Geoff Van Flandern, Setsuro Komiya, Thomas Aigner, Towia A. Libermann, Mary B. Goldring

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Objective—Our previous study suggested that growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible protein 45β (GADD45β) prolonged the survival of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the developing mouse embryo. This study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate whether GADD45β plays a role in adult articular cartilage.

Methods—Gene expression profiles of cartilage from patients with late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) were compared with those from patients with early OA and normal controls in 2 separate microarray analyses. Histologic features of cartilage were graded using the Mankin scale, and GADD45β was localized by immunohistochemistry. Human chondrocytes were transduced with small interfering RNA (siRNA)–GADD45 …

Analysis Of Energy Efficiency In Fading Channels Under Qos Constraints, Deli Qiao, Mustafa Cenk Gursoy, Senem Velipasalar

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Energy efficiency in fading channels in the presence of QoS constraints is studied. Effective capacity, which provides the maximum constant arrival rate that a given process can support while satisfying statistical delay constraints, is considered. Spectral efficiency–bit energy tradeoff is analyzed in the low-power and wideband regimes by employing the effective capacity formulation, rather than the Shannon capacity, and energy requirements under QoS constraints are identified. The analysis is conducted for the case in which perfect channel side information (CSI) is available at the receiver and also for the case in which perfect CSI is available at both the receiver …

The Theory Of Quaternion Orthogonal Designs, Jennifer Seberry, Ken Finlayson, Sarah Spence Adams, Tadeusz Wysocki, Tianbing Xia, Beata Joanna Wysocki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

Over the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in complex orthogonal designs for their application in space–time block coding. Motivated by the success of this application, this paper generalizes the definition of complex orthogonal designs by introducing orthogonal designs over the quaternion domain. This paper builds a theory of these novel quaternion orthogonal designs, offers examples, and provides several construction techniques. These theoretical results, along with the results of preliminary simulations, lay the foundation for developing applications of these designs as orthogonal space–time-polarization block codes.

Why Divide By (N-1) For Sample Standard Deviation?, Paul Savory

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Instructional Materials

In statistics, the sample standard deviation is a widely used measure of the variability or dispersion of a data set. The standard deviation of a data set is the square root of its variance. In calculating the sample standard deviation, the divisor is the number of samples in the data set minus one (n-1) rather than n. This often confuses students. This paper offers a quick overview of why the divisor is (n-1) for calculating the sample standard deviation.

Thermodynamically Coupled Transport In Simple Catalytic Reactions, Yaşar Demirel

Yaşar Demirel Publications

Considerable work published on chemical reaction-diffusion systems investigates mainly mathematically coupled nonlinear differential equations. This study presents the modeling of a simple elementary chemical reaction with thermodynamically and mathematically coupled heat and mass transport with external mass and heat transfer resistances. The thermodynamic coupling refers that a flow occurs without or against its primary thermodynamic driving force, which may be a gradient of temperature or chemical potential. The modeling is based on the linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach and phenomenological equations by assuming that the system is in the vicinity of global equilibrium. This approach does not need detailed coupling mechanisms. …

Truncated Hyperbolic Mapping For Non-Binary Turbo Coding In Uwb, K. Popovski, Tadeusz Wysocki, B. J. Wysocki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

The combination of user multiplexing and data encoding within Ultra Wideband systems has been proposed to improve bit error performance. Relative to conventional binary coding, this technique has shown to reduce error rates in scarcely populated systems. Where non-binary turbo coding modulates data to form an integer sequence, a random mapping is generally applied to develop a time hopping sequence. This paper explores the possibility of mapping through the application of truncated hyperbolic congruence codes. Comparative results against a random mapping indicate an improvement in system performance for higher turbo iteration levels in the receiver. Transceiver architecture is based upon …

Combined User Multiplexing And Data Modulation Through Non-Binary Turbo Codes For Uwb, K. Popovski, Tadeusz Wysocki, B. J. Wysocki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

With significant research being conducted in Ultra Wideband communications to increase error performance, this paper proposes a combination of user multiplexing and data encoding to achieve a BER improvement. Through the use of non-binary turbo coding, data is modulated to form a time hopping code which is applied to a time-reversed UWB system. Comparative results with conventional binary coding are given, showing the possibility for BER improvements in systems with a low number of users. Slight performance degradations for a large number of users exist. The effects of a user applying turbo coding on other users not applying forward error …

Artificial Immune System Based Image Pattern Recognition In Energy Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks, Honggang Wang, Dongming Peng, Wei Wang, Hamid Sharif, J. Wegiel, D. Nguyen, R. Bowne, C. Backhaus

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), low cost Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera sensors may only produce low resolution images due to hardware limitations. However, super-resolution images may be constructed from these low resolution images in a multiple sensor network, improving object pattern recognition success rates. There is a critical image recognition challenge in these reconstructed superresolution images for accuracy, complexity and limited energy resource in wireless sensor networks. Artificial Immune Systems (AIS), in particular those possessing algorithmic efficiency for image pattern differentiation, categorization and recognition, have potential advantages in low-cost automated monitoring and object detection applications. In this …

Throughput Vs. Distance Tradeoffs And Deployment Considerations For A Multi-Hop Ieee 802.16e Railroad Test Bed, Wei Wang, Hamid Sharif, Ting Zhou, Puttipong Mahasukhon

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

Throughput vs. distance analysis and coverage requirements are critical issues in planning wireless network deployments. With the recent availability of IEEE 802.16e and its promise of larger coverage areas for high-speed data communication, evaluating it in a real-world environment is very important to us in our ongoing study of standards based wireless technologies for the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). In this paper, we present results obtained with our IEEE 802.16e module for NS-2, particularly throughput vs. distance performance, and its consideration for designing a real-world multi-hop IEEE 802.16e testbed. Firstly, a quantitative analysis of throughput vs. distance performance is conducted …

Development And Performance Evaluation Of A Flexible, Low Cost Manet, M. Abolhasan, B. Hagelstein, J.C-P. Wang, D.R. Franklin, F Safaei, Tadeusz Wysocki

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications (to 2015)

Performance evaluations of multi-hop ad hoc network routing protocols have been primarily conducted through analytic and simulation-based studies, which frequently fail to accurately predict real-world performance and behaviour. One reason for this is the challenge in developing low cost, representative test beds with the degree of flexibility and mobility required. We have developed a Portable Wireless Ad hoc Node (PWAN) device which establishes multi-hop routes using the OLSR routing protocol. The PWAN’s performance has been investigated using two test bed configurations to evaluate its capacity under conditions of high node density in a short-range, multi-hop environment. Our results illustrate that …

Grammar-Based Distance In Progressive Multiple Sequence Alignment, David Russell, Hasan H. Otu, Khalid Sayood

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: We propose a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithm and compare the alignment-quality and execution-time of the proposed algorithm with that of existing algorithms. The proposed progressive alignment algorithm uses a grammar-based distance metric to determine the order in which biological sequences are to be pairwise aligned. The progressive alignment occurs via pairwise aligning new sequences with an ensemble of the sequences previously aligned.
Results: The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated via comparison to popular progressive multiple alignment approaches, ClustalW and T-Coffee, and to the more recently developed algorithms MAFFT, MUSCLE, Kalign, and PSAlign using the BAliBASE 3.0 …

Reaction Pathway Insights Into The Solvothermal Preparation Of Culn1- XGaXSe2 Nanocrystalline Materials, Christopher L. Exstrom, Scott A. Darveau, Andrea L. Martinez-Skinner, Matt Ingersoll, Jiri Olejnicek, Anatole Mirasano, Adam T. Haussler, James Huguenin-Love, Chad Kamler, Martin Diaz, Natale J. Ianno, Rodney J. Soukup

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Reaction pathway investigations of the solvothermal preparation of nanocrystalline Culn_{1- x}Ga_xSe₂ in triethylenetetramine reveal the early formation of a previously unreported Cu_2-xSe(S) intermediate. Over 24 hours, this reacts with In and Se species to form CulnSe₂(s). If Ga is present, the reaction proceeds over an additional 48 hours to form Culn_1-xGa_xSe₂. Adding ammonium halide salts reduces the CulnSe₂ formation time to as little as 30 minutes. It is proposed that in these cases, Cu_2-xSe particle growth is limited via a competitive Cu-halide …

A Theoretical Framework For Quality-Aware Cross-Layer Optimized Wireless Multimedia Communications, Song Ci, Haohong Wang, Dalei Wu

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Although cross-layer has been thought as one of themost effective and efficient ways formultimedia communications over wireless networks and a plethora of research has been done in this area, there is still lacking of a rigorous mathematical model to gain indepth understanding of cross-layer design tradeoffs, spanning from application layer to physical layer. As a result, many existing cross-layer designs enhance the performance of certain layers at the price of either introducing side effects to the overall system performance or violating the syntax and semantics of the layered network architecture. Therefore, lacking of a rigorous theoretical study makes existing cross-layer …

Effects Of Wind Field Inhomogeneities On Doppler Beam Swinging Revealed By An Imaging Radar, B.L. Cheong, T.-Y. Yu, Robert D. Palmer, K.-F. Yang, Michael Hoffman, S.J. Frasier, F.J. Lopez-Dekker

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this work, the accuracy of the Doppler beam-swinging (DBS) technique for wind measurements is studied using an imaging radar—the turbulent eddy profiler (TEP) developed by the University of Mas- sachusetts, with data collected in summer 2003. With up to 64 independent receivers, and using coherent radar imaging (CRI), several hundred partially independent beams can be formed simultaneously within the volume defined by the transmit beam. By selecting a subset of these beams, an unprecedented number of DBS configurations with varying zenith angle, azimuth angle, and number of beams can be investigated. The angular distributions of echo power and radial …

Transportation Security Framework For A Medium-Sized City, Ryan Fries, Mashrur Chowdhury, Anne Dunning

Publications

Terrorist attacks have made security preparedness unquestionably necessary in all cities. While major metropolitan areas have long recognized that their global visibility has required strong security operations, many medium-sized cities, specifically those of the U.S. and European Union, now face the need to establish transportation security frameworks for the first time. This paper assesses the resources available to help medium-sized cities begin the task of creating such systems. This assessment presents infrastructure risk assessment tools, identifies infrastructure and funding resources, and creates a process for developing a security framework to connect agencies responsible for transportation security in these metropolitan areas. …

Historical Perspective And Contribution Of Us Researchers Into The Field Of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (Shs)/Combustion Synthesis (Cs): Personal Reflections, J. W. Mccauley, J. A. Puszynski

United States Army: Publications

In 1967, Merzhanov, Skhiro, and Borovinskaya published the first comprehensive paper describing self-sustaining character of reactions in a condensed phase, which could be utilized for synthesis of many ceramic and intermetallic materials [1]. In this paper, the authors demonstrated the principle of the so called “solid flame” using reactions between transition metals and boron, carbon or nitrogen. The world-wide combustion synthesis community considers this comprehensive paper and subsequent integrated experimental and theoretical research effort conducted in the former Soviet Union as the beginning of a new approach and method of synthesizing advanced high temperature materials. The main research was conducted …