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2006

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Articles 1711 - 1740 of 3391

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Thermodynamically Consistent Relations Involving Plasticity, Internal Energy And Thermal Effects, Howard Schreyer, Paul Maudlin Mar 2006

Thermodynamically Consistent Relations Involving Plasticity, Internal Energy And Thermal Effects, Howard Schreyer, Paul Maudlin

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Experimental data associated with plastic deformations indicate that the temperature is less than that predicted from dissipation based on plastic work. To obtain reasonable correlation between theoretical and experimental results, the plastic work is often multiplied by a constant β. This paper provides an alternative thermodynamic framework in which it is proposed that there is an additional internal energy associated with dislocation pile-up or increase in dislocation density. The form of this internal energy follows from experimental data that relates flow stress to dislocation density and to equivalent plastic strain. The result is that β is not a constant but …

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Reducing Uncertainty In Effects-Based Operations, Wilburn B. Mclamb Mar 2006

Reducing Uncertainty In Effects-Based Operations, Wilburn B. Mclamb

Theses and Dissertations

Known as the fog of war, uncertainty has been prevalent in the conduct of military operations throughout human history. Intelligence collection efforts are tasked to reduce this uncertainty through the collection of information. Utilizing Shannon's entropy as a measure of the expected information gain due to an intelligence collection effort, a methodology is developed to prioritize and allocate intelligence assets in an efficient manner. Incorporated in this methodology are target priority and the requirement to reassess dynamic targets. The application area for the methodology is Effects-Based Operations. A generalized state model is developed to conduct adversary system-of-systems analysis. This model …

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Radiometric Analysis Of Daytime Satellite Detection, Katherine B. Lilevjen Mar 2006

Radiometric Analysis Of Daytime Satellite Detection, Katherine B. Lilevjen

Theses and Dissertations

A radiometric model for daylight satellite detection is developed and used to evaluate the effects of various parameters on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Detection of reflected sunlight from a low-earth orbit, diffuse, planar satellite by a single-pixel infrared photovoltaic detector is considered. Noise considered includes photon noise from the background and signal, as well as thermal noise. Parameters considered include atmospheric conditions, optical parameters, and detector parameters. The Phillips Laboratory Expert-assisted User System, an atmospheric modeling tool that employs the MODTRAN and FASCODE transmission codes, is used to model wavelength-dependent atmospheric transmission and background radiance. The SNR is found to increase …

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A Decision Model For Choosing Among Photovoltaic Technologies To Generate Electricity At Grid-Connected Air Force Facilities: A Value-Focused Approach, Mostyn O. Kellner Mar 2006

A Decision Model For Choosing Among Photovoltaic Technologies To Generate Electricity At Grid-Connected Air Force Facilities: A Value-Focused Approach, Mostyn O. Kellner

Theses and Dissertations

The United States is currently consuming fossil fuels faster than natural processes can replace them. Our nation's leaders recognize that a diverse energy portfolio including renewable energy is the key to maintaining our economy, security, and the environment. The federal government is by far the greatest energy consumer; thus, our nation's leaders have directed federal agencies to strive to increase the use of renewable energy at federal facilities. Solar electricity technologies, in the form of photovoltaics, have great potential in the renewable energy mix. Although a major strategy should be integrating photovoltaics into the design of new facilities, an important …

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A Graph Theoretic Analysis Of The Effects Of Organizational Structure On Employee Social Networks, John R. Hutzel Mar 2006

A Graph Theoretic Analysis Of The Effects Of Organizational Structure On Employee Social Networks, John R. Hutzel

Theses and Dissertations

A simulation technique was used to investigate the impacts of organizational structure on an organization's social network. By simulating personnel in an organization as vertices in a graph and the aging of the corporation as the aging of the same graph, the maturation of an organization was realized. The characteristic path length of the graph was measured after each year returning an optimistic average organizational distance. Results include the finding that, per this model, an organization's characteristic path length can drop over 50% in a 20 year period with consideration of edges of all strengths. Next a series of random …

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Modeling Network Centric Warfare (Ncw) With The System Effectiveness Analysis Simulation (Seas), Jason B. Honabarger Mar 2006

Modeling Network Centric Warfare (Ncw) With The System Effectiveness Analysis Simulation (Seas), Jason B. Honabarger

Theses and Dissertations

Significant technological advances over the past few decades have fueled the continual and rapid development of an information-based world. Network Centric Warfare (NCW) has become the buzzword of the young millennium within the Department of Defense (DoD) and is quickly becoming a popularly shared vision and rallying cry for force transformation among United States military leaders. An essential element in fully implementing this network-centric way of thinking is to develop useful measures to help gauge the effectiveness and efficiency of both our military networks and our strategic NCW doctrine. The goal of this research is first to provide a comprehensive …

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An Analysis Of Usaf Aircraft Noise And Hedonic Property Values, Melissa R. Johnson Mar 2006

An Analysis Of Usaf Aircraft Noise And Hedonic Property Values, Melissa R. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of the research was to evaluate whether there was a significant difference in housing values of those affected by the noise of USAF aircraft. The secondary purpose was to evaluate whether there was a significant difference in housing values located near USAF bases with and without aircraft noise and to evaluate whether type of aircraft changed the results created by the aircraft noise. This research effort found that homes located within the 65 dB DNL contour of US Air Force installations showed a significant negative impact due to the presence of aircraft noise when studied with the …

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Passive Multiple Beam Combination In Optical Fibers Via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, Kirk C. Brown Mar 2006

Passive Multiple Beam Combination In Optical Fibers Via Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, Kirk C. Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Many active methods of scaling laser brightness have been demonstrated in recent years. The goal of this research was to demonstrate the feasibility of passively combining multiple laser beams using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) in a long multimode optical fiber. This method of combination employed a “Gatling gun” fiber array that allowed several collimated beams to be focused by a lens into an optical fiber. The retroreflected Stokes beam is passed through the center of the beam combiner for analysis. In addition to experimental methodology and equipment used, the theoretical and historical background of SBS in optical fibers is provided. …

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Terrain And Spatial Effects On Hazard Prediction And Assessment Capability (Hpac) Software Dose-Rate Contour Plot Predictions As Compared To A Sample Of Local Fallout Data From Test Detonations In The Continental United States, 1945-1962, Kevin D. Pace Mar 2006

Terrain And Spatial Effects On Hazard Prediction And Assessment Capability (Hpac) Software Dose-Rate Contour Plot Predictions As Compared To A Sample Of Local Fallout Data From Test Detonations In The Continental United States, 1945-1962, Kevin D. Pace

Theses and Dissertations

Hazard Prediction and Capability (HPAC) Software is validated by comparing modeled predictions to historical test data. Reanalysis weather data is acquired and reformatted for use in HPAC. Simulations are made using various amounts of weather data by use of a spatial domain. Simulations are also varied by levels of terrain resolution. The predicted output of the software is numerically compared to historical test data. The result of this research culminated in the knowledge that HPAC prediction accuracy is improved by using terrain resolutions beyond the flat earth assumption. Furthermore, this research establishes that domain size variation produces no significant advantage …

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Using Agent-Based Modeling To Search For Elusive Hiding Targets, Jeffrey E. Rucker Mar 2006

Using Agent-Based Modeling To Search For Elusive Hiding Targets, Jeffrey E. Rucker

Theses and Dissertations

The SCUD hunt problem that emerged during Operation Desert Storm has become a source of great interest to major commands like Air Combat Command. One of the metrics used to measure the effectiveness of our operations in a SCUD hunt is time to detect and target. We use the agent-based System Effectiveness and Analysis Simulation (SEAS) to provide a simulation environment in which all the elements of a SCUD hunt mission can adequately be modeled. Our Blue Force agents are modeled as multirole fighters, satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with various sensor capabilities. The Red Force agents are modeled …

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Evaluation Of Energy Costs And Error Performance Of Range-Aware Anchor-Free Localization Algorithms For Wireless Sensor Networks, Gustav Julio Jordt Mar 2006

Evaluation Of Energy Costs And Error Performance Of Range-Aware Anchor-Free Localization Algorithms For Wireless Sensor Networks, Gustav Julio Jordt

Theses and Dissertations

This research examines energy and error tradeoffs in Anchor-Free Range-Aware Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Localization algorithms. A concurrent and an incremental algorithm (Anchor Free Localization (AFL) and Map Growing) are examined under varying network sizes, densities, deployments, and range errors. Despite current expectations, even the most expensive configurations do not expend significant battery life (at most 0.4%), implying little energy can be conserved during localization. Due to refinement, AFL is twice as accurate, using 6 times the communication. For both, node degree affects communication most. As degree increases, Map Growing communication increases, while AFL transmissions drop. Nodes with more neighbors …

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Increasing The Accuracy Of Cooperative Localization By Controlling The Sensor Graph, Deepti Kumar, Herbert G. Tanner Mar 2006

Increasing The Accuracy Of Cooperative Localization By Controlling The Sensor Graph, Deepti Kumar, Herbert G. Tanner

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

We characterize the accuracy of a cooperative localization algorithm based on Kalman Filtering, as expressed by the trace of the covariance matrix, in terms of the algebraic graph theoretic properties of the sensing graph. In particular, we discover a weighted Laplacian in the expression that yields the constant, steady state value of the covariance matrix. We show how one can reduce the localization uncertainty by manipulating the eigenvalues of the weighted Laplacian. We thus provide insight to recent optimization results which indicate that increased connectivity implies higher accuracy and we offer an analysis method that could lead to more efficient …

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Quantification Of Energy Consumption And Emissions Using Biodiesel In An Urban Bus Fleet, A. R. Branco, R. Silva, A Vasconcelos, T. L. Farias, L. T. Moura, Mar 2006

Quantification Of Energy Consumption And Emissions Using Biodiesel In An Urban Bus Fleet, A. R. Branco, R. Silva, A Vasconcelos, T. L. Farias, L. T. Moura,

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Oleochemical Biofuel, Peter Reimers Mar 2006

Oleochemical Biofuel, Peter Reimers

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Biogas Potential In Chile, Rolando Chamy, Elba Vivanco Mar 2006

Biogas Potential In Chile, Rolando Chamy, Elba Vivanco

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Enhanced Profitability Through Technology, Integration And Diversification, Jeffrey Robert Mar 2006

Enhanced Profitability Through Technology, Integration And Diversification, Jeffrey Robert

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Biorefinery Process Economics, Gregory M. Bohlmann Mar 2006

Biorefinery Process Economics, Gregory M. Bohlmann

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Brick Furnaces – Hoffman Type: Technical Feasibility Of Incinerating Municipal Solid Wastes (Msw), Cesar Augusto Garcia U., Juan Carlos Moreno P. Mar 2006

Brick Furnaces – Hoffman Type: Technical Feasibility Of Incinerating Municipal Solid Wastes (Msw), Cesar Augusto Garcia U., Juan Carlos Moreno P.

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Ethanol Processing Co-Products - Current Constraints And Future Directions, Kurt A. Rosentrater Mar 2006

Ethanol Processing Co-Products - Current Constraints And Future Directions, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Palm Fatty Acids Esterification On Heterogeneous Catalysis, Donato Aranda Mar 2006

Palm Fatty Acids Esterification On Heterogeneous Catalysis, Donato Aranda

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Poster: Production Of Ethanol From Pretreated Maize Silage In Anaerobically Digested And Wet-Oxidized Manure As A Liquid Medium, Piotr Oleskowicz-Popiel, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen Mar 2006

Poster: Production Of Ethanol From Pretreated Maize Silage In Anaerobically Digested And Wet-Oxidized Manure As A Liquid Medium, Piotr Oleskowicz-Popiel, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Poster: Biomass Energy Priorities For Developing Nations, Henry R. Bungay Mar 2006

Poster: Biomass Energy Priorities For Developing Nations, Henry R. Bungay

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Boosting The Cellulytic Degradation Of Steam Pretreated Barley Straw, Lisa Rosgaard Mar 2006

Boosting The Cellulytic Degradation Of Steam Pretreated Barley Straw, Lisa Rosgaard

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Hansenula Polymorpha As A New Promising Organism For High Temperature Alcoholic Fermentation Of Lignocellulose Sugars, Andriy A. Sibirny Mar 2006

Hansenula Polymorpha As A New Promising Organism For High Temperature Alcoholic Fermentation Of Lignocellulose Sugars, Andriy A. Sibirny

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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H2 Production By Dark Fermentation From Food Wastes, Masamitsu Tomiyama Mar 2006

H2 Production By Dark Fermentation From Food Wastes, Masamitsu Tomiyama

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Poster: Sequestration Of Carbon Dioxide With Simultaneous Production Of Succinic Acid By Metabolically Engineering Escherichia Coli, M. A. Eiteman, S. Lu, J. L. Buday, J. R. Kastner, E. Altman Mar 2006

Poster: Sequestration Of Carbon Dioxide With Simultaneous Production Of Succinic Acid By Metabolically Engineering Escherichia Coli, M. A. Eiteman, S. Lu, J. L. Buday, J. R. Kastner, E. Altman

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Poster: Esterification Of Used Frying Oils With A High Content Of Free Fatty Acids Using Solid Resins, J.M. Marchetti, V.U. Miguel, A.F. Errazu Mar 2006

Poster: Esterification Of Used Frying Oils With A High Content Of Free Fatty Acids Using Solid Resins, J.M. Marchetti, V.U. Miguel, A.F. Errazu

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Mixed Culture Fermentation For Bioenergy Production, Robbert Kleerebezem, Mark Cm Van Loosdrecht Mar 2006

Mixed Culture Fermentation For Bioenergy Production, Robbert Kleerebezem, Mark Cm Van Loosdrecht

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Biomass Logs: A Densified Fuel Or Feedstock For Combustion, Liquefaction Or Gasification, Henry Liu Mar 2006

Biomass Logs: A Densified Fuel Or Feedstock For Combustion, Liquefaction Or Gasification, Henry Liu

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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Developments Of Corn For Dry Grind Corn Processing, Vijay Singh, Kent Rausch, Carl Miller , Jim Graeber Mar 2006

Developments Of Corn For Dry Grind Corn Processing, Vijay Singh, Kent Rausch, Carl Miller , Jim Graeber

Bioenergy - I: From Concept to Commercial Processes

No abstract provided.

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