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Articles 1381 - 1410 of 3391
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Time-Delay Neural Network Based Predictions Of Elephant Distribution In A South African Game Reserve, Parviz Palangpour, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Kevin Duffy
Time-Delay Neural Network Based Predictions Of Elephant Distribution In A South African Game Reserve, Parviz Palangpour, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Kevin Duffy
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A large portion of South Africa's elephant population can be found on small wildlife reserves. When confined to enclosed reserves the elephant densities are much higher than observed in the wild. The large nutritional demands and destructive foraging behavior of elephants threaten rare species of vegetation. If conservation management is to protect threatened species of vegetation, knowing how long elephants will stay in one area of the reserve as well as which area they will move to next is essential. The goal of this study is to train an artificial neural network to predict an elephant herd's next position in …
An Investigation Into The Structure And Reactivity Of Calcium-Zinc-Silicate Ionomer Glasses Using Mas-Nmr Spectroscopy, D. Boyd, Mark R. Towler, R. V. Law, R. G. Hill
An Investigation Into The Structure And Reactivity Of Calcium-Zinc-Silicate Ionomer Glasses Using Mas-Nmr Spectroscopy, D. Boyd, Mark R. Towler, R. V. Law, R. G. Hill
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The suitability of Glass Polyalkenoate Cements (GPCs) for orthopaedic applications is retarded by the presence in the glass phase of aluminum, a neurotoxin. Unfortunately, the aluminum ion plays an integral role in the setting process of GPCs and its absence is likely to hinder cement formation. However, the authors have previously shown that aluminum-free GPCs may be formulated based on calcium zinc silicate glasses and these novel materials exhibit significant potential as hard tissue biomaterials. However, there is no data available on the structure of these glasses. 29Si MAS-NMR, differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and network crosslink density …
Comparison Of Pso And Ga For K-Node Set Reliability Optimization Of A Distributed System, G. A. Bakare, I. N. Chiroma, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy
Comparison Of Pso And Ga For K-Node Set Reliability Optimization Of A Distributed System, G. A. Bakare, I. N. Chiroma, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), as a novel evolutionary computing technique, has succeeded in many continuous problems, but quite a little research on discrete problem especially combinatorial optimization problem has been reported. In this paper, a discrete PSO algorithm is proposed to solve a typical combinatorial optimization problem: K-Node Set Reliability (KNR) optimization of a distributed computing system (DCS) which is a well-known NP-hard problem is presented. It computes the reliability of a subset of network nodes of a DCS such that the reliability is maximized and specified capacity constraint is satisfied. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on …
Evaluation Of The Eastern Kentucky Rural Highway Information Project 511 Tourism Service, Juita-Elena Wie Yusuf, Candice Y. Wallace, Steven D. Kreis
Evaluation Of The Eastern Kentucky Rural Highway Information Project 511 Tourism Service, Juita-Elena Wie Yusuf, Candice Y. Wallace, Steven D. Kreis
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The purpose of this study is to provide an evaluation of the Eastern Kentucky Rural Highway Information Project, involving the establishment of a 511 Premium Tourism Service Package. Kentucky is only the second state to offer tourism related services through its 511 Travel System, placing the state in a position to offer insights gained from the project to other states considering the implementation of a similar program. Lessons learned from Kentucky’s experience with launching and managing a multi-county tourism information system will be invaluable. To that end, this study (1) reviewed the activities undertaken during launch and early operations of …
Privatizing Transportation Through Public-Private Partnerships: Definitions, Models, And Issues, Juita-Elena Wie Yusuf, Candice Y. Wallace, Merl Hackbart
Privatizing Transportation Through Public-Private Partnerships: Definitions, Models, And Issues, Juita-Elena Wie Yusuf, Candice Y. Wallace, Merl Hackbart
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
There has been greater emphasis in recent times on using public-private partnerships (PPPs or P3s) to provide and deliver transportation infrastructure and services. These public-private partnerships differ from contracting out, being applicable to a broader range of projects and requiring different contract management and accountability. In the transportation arena the focus on public-private partnerships has resulted from both the need for greater reliance on private capital to fund critical infrastructure and services and the need to tap private sector expertise to ensure delivery of high quality infrastructure and services on time and on budget. This report serves as a primer …
Phosphate Reactions As Mechanisms Of High-Temperature Lubrication, Anitha Nagarajan, Carolina Garrido, Jorge E. Gatica, Wilfredo Morales
Phosphate Reactions As Mechanisms Of High-Temperature Lubrication, Anitha Nagarajan, Carolina Garrido, Jorge E. Gatica, Wilfredo Morales
Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications
One of the major problems preventing the operation of advanced gas turbine engines at higher temperatures is the inability of currently used liquid lubricants to survive at these higher temperatures under friction and wear conditions. Current state-of-the-art organic liquid lubricants rapidly degrade at temperatures above 300 °C; hence some other form of lubrication is necessary. Vapor-phase lubrication is a promising new technology for high-temperature lubrication. This lubrication method employs a liquid phosphate ester that is vaporized and delivered to bearings or gears; the vapor reacts with the metal surfaces, generating a solid lubricious film that has proven very stable at …
Modeling And Representation Of Geometric Tolerances Information In Integrated Measurement Processes, Xiaoping Zhao, T. M. Kethara Pasupathy, Robert G. Wilhelm
Modeling And Representation Of Geometric Tolerances Information In Integrated Measurement Processes, Xiaoping Zhao, T. M. Kethara Pasupathy, Robert G. Wilhelm
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Modeling and representation of geometric tolerances information across an enterprise is viable due to the advances in Internet technologies and increasing integration requirements from industry. In Integrated Measurement Processes (IMP), geometric tolerances data model must support different models from several well-defined standards: including ASME Y14.5M-1994, STEP, DMIS, and others. In this paper, we propose a layered conformance level geometric tolerances representation model. This model uses the widely applied ASME Y14.5M-1994 as its foundation layer by abstracting most information from this standard. The additional geometric tolerances information defined by DMIS and STEP is incorporated into this model to form corresponding conformance …
A Sedimentation Study Of The Green River Irrigation Canal, Green River, Utah, Jan Michael Miller
A Sedimentation Study Of The Green River Irrigation Canal, Green River, Utah, Jan Michael Miller
All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023
This sedimentation study of the Green River irrigation canal provides the Green River Canal Company (GRCC) with a detailed aerial map of the Green River irrigation canal system to allow operators to quickly and accurately locate canal structures. Also, an Excel spreadsheet accounting model was created which provides the GRCC with the ability to determine where sedimentation likely occurs throughout the canal under given conditions. This model must be operated within set guidelines to provide reliable results and should be calibrated for increased accuracy. It was determined that with no irrigation (i.e., with no canal structures open except for the …
Evaluation Of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements Of Glucose And Xylose In Biomass Hydrolyzate, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Michael D. Montross
Evaluation Of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements Of Glucose And Xylose In Biomass Hydrolyzate, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Michael D. Montross
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications
Measurement of sugars using traditional spectroscopic (UV/Vis) assays or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be time consuming and expensive. Alternative methods for measuring sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass would be convenient for screening potential biomass feedstocks and pretreatment methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been utilized for measuring composition of various aqueous solutions and is evaluated here as an alternative to UV/Vis and HPLC assays. Solutions of glucose and xylose with concentrations between 0 and 1.5% w/v (total sugar content between 0 and 3.0% w/v) were used to build calibration curves for all three methods. A validation …
Possibilities Of Glutamate-Mediated Synaptic Like Activity In Somatosensory Mechanoreceptors Such As Pacinian Corpuscles?, Kevin Kopko
Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All
Pacinian Corpuscles (PCs) are somatosensory mechanoreceptors, composed of a central neurite, surrounded by layers of lamellae that make up the inner core, which are specialized glial cells, and fibroblast derived outer-core lamellae of the surrounding capsule. Several components specific to a chemical synapse (Vglut1, Vamp1, SNAP-23) were localized to both the neurite and the inner-core cells in feline mesenteric PCs using immunocytochemistry. However, it has long been postulated that the first synapse of the PC occurs at the dorsal column nuclei, or spinal cord, and that no classical synapse is present in the distal ending of the capsulated receptor. While …
Predictive Measures Of Tooth/Tooth Contact In Mastication, Elizabeth Klodd
Predictive Measures Of Tooth/Tooth Contact In Mastication, Elizabeth Klodd
Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All
Understanding the process of mastication, or chewing, is very important in humans. Understanding the way people chew can help craniofacial repair to victims of accidents or other conditions. Stages of chewing and swallowing have been categorized; however, it is currently unknown when exactly the teeth meet during mastication. Vertical motion data were obtained from seven subjects while chewing food of different consistencies. A videofluorograph collected the data and they were manipulated in Excel to be plotted as time vs. vertical displacement for the upper incisor tooth. The first and second derivatives of these motion-time charts were taken in order to …
Finite Element Analysis Of Moisture And Thermal Induced Stress In Flip Chip Packages, Santanu Ghosh
Finite Element Analysis Of Moisture And Thermal Induced Stress In Flip Chip Packages, Santanu Ghosh
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive
The process of moisture absorption and subsequent hygroswelling stress development is a cause of concern in the IC packaging industry. Also thermal stresses developed during the lead free reflow process with a high peak temperature (~ 250oC) add to the problem. In Flip Chip packages, the related effects are high shear stresses at the multilayer interfaces and normal stresses in solder balls. This can lead to phenomenon like delamination at the interfaces and UBM opening. In this work we have made an attempt to simulate the moisture absorption process, subsequent hygroswelling stress development, and thermal stress generated during reflow using …
An Efficient Approach For Power Delivery Network Design With Closed-Form Expressions For Parasitic Interconnect Inductances, Chen Wang, Jingkun Mao, Giuseppe Selli, Shaofeng Luan, Lin Zhang, Jun Fan, David Pommerenke, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak
An Efficient Approach For Power Delivery Network Design With Closed-Form Expressions For Parasitic Interconnect Inductances, Chen Wang, Jingkun Mao, Giuseppe Selli, Shaofeng Luan, Lin Zhang, Jun Fan, David Pommerenke, Richard E. Dubroff, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Investigation of a dc power delivery network, consisting of a multilayer PCB using area fills for power and return, involves the distributed behavior of the power/ground planes and the parasitics associated with the lumped components mounted on it. Full-wave methods are often employed to study the power integrity problem. While full-wave methods can be accurate, they are time and memory consuming. The cavity model of a rectangular structure has previously been employed to efficiently analyze the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in the power distribution network. However, a large number of modes in the cavity model are needed to accurately simulate …
Obstacle Avoidance In Collective Robotic Search Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Lisa L. Smith, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Phillip G. Holloway
Obstacle Avoidance In Collective Robotic Search Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Lisa L. Smith, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Phillip G. Holloway
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been demonstrated to be a useful technique in target search applications such as Collective Robotic Search (CRS). A group of unmanned mobile robots are able to locate a specified target in a high risk environment with extreme efficiency when driven by an optimized PSO algorithm. This paper presents an algorithm for obstacle avoidance with the PSO approach applied to navigate robots in collective search applications. Obstacles represented by basic geometric shapes to simulate perilous ground terrain are introduced to the search area. Results are presented to show that PSO algorithm based CRS is able to …
Stresses In Proton Exchange Membranes Due To Hygro-Thermal Loading, Yaliang Tang, Michael H. Santare, Anette M. Karlsson, Simon Cleghorn, William B. Johnson
Stresses In Proton Exchange Membranes Due To Hygro-Thermal Loading, Yaliang Tang, Michael H. Santare, Anette M. Karlsson, Simon Cleghorn, William B. Johnson
Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications
Durability of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a major technical barrier to the commercial viability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) for stationary and transportation applications. In order to reach Department of Energy objectives for automotive PEMFCs, an operating design lifetime of at least 5000 h over a broad temperature range is required. Reaching these lifetimes is an extremely difficult technical challenge. Though good progress has been made in recent years, there are still issues that need to be addressed to assure successful, economically viable, long-term operation of PEM fuel cells. Fuel cell lifetime is currently limited by …
Design And Development Of Embedded Dsp Controllers For Power Electronic Applications, Raman Nair Harish Gopala Pillai
Design And Development Of Embedded Dsp Controllers For Power Electronic Applications, Raman Nair Harish Gopala Pillai
Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive
Power applications like motor drives, inverters have complex algorithms that can be used to improve their efficiency. More often reduced manufacturing cost takes precedence over better efficiency. DSPs with their high computational power can provide reduced cost and higher efficiency. Though the cost of a standalone DSP chip has reduced, its integration to form a complete embedded product is an area often overlooked. High frequency of operation, reduced package size, and sensitivity to component placement are some of the factors that affect the interface between input/output devices and the DSP. This thesis presents the design and development of an embedded …
Robust Airline Fleet Assignment, Venkata Pilla
Robust Airline Fleet Assignment, Venkata Pilla
Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive
The fleet assignment model allocates the fleet of aircraft types to the scheduled flight legs in the airline timetable published 90 days prior to the departure of the aircraft. The objective is to maximize profit. While costs associated with assigning a particular fleet type to a leg are easy to estimate, the revenues are based upon demand, which is realized close to departure. The uncertainty in demand makes it challenging to assign the right type of aircraft to each flight leg based on the forecasts taken 90 days prior to departure. Therefore, in this dissertation a two-stage stochastic programming framework …
Registration Of Beta-Cit Dopamine Transporter Spect Images, Abhinay Dilip Joshi
Registration Of Beta-Cit Dopamine Transporter Spect Images, Abhinay Dilip Joshi
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
This work outlines a method for quantification of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons by means of SPECT using the cocaine derivative [123I] β-CIT (123I-labelled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane (β-CIT))as a radiotracer which binds with high affinity to the dopamine receptors. It has been validated (1) that the calculation of a simple ratio of specific/non-specific displaceable binding during a period of binding-equilibrium in the striatum about 20 hrs after the administration of a bolus injection of the tracer gives a strong and reliable index of the binding potential of dopamine uptake sites. Previous studies [2] have shown that the dopaminergic deficit in patients with Parkinson's …
Phenotypic Differences In The Behavior Of Immortalized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Three Dimensional Culture Systems, Anusha Sridharan
Phenotypic Differences In The Behavior Of Immortalized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Three Dimensional Culture Systems, Anusha Sridharan
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (HBECS) immortalized with viral oncoproteins E6/E7, are potentially malignant due to numerous chromosomal aberrations. Recently a model system was established in which HBECS were immortalized with Cyclin-dependent-kinase-4 (Cdk4) and human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT). These cells were shown to have intact p53 checkpoints and had well expressed differentiation markers. HBECS are non-tumorigenic as they do not form tumors in nude mice or colonies in soft agar. The purpose of this research was to establish the differences in phenotypic behavior between HBECS immortalized with E6/E7 viral oncoproteins and HBECS immortalized with Cdk4/hTERT. A three dimensional culture model …
Development Of A Multi-Channel Handheld Probe Designed For Near Infrared Spectroscopy And An Exploration Into Its Clinical Applications, Pradheep Raman
Development Of A Multi-Channel Handheld Probe Designed For Near Infrared Spectroscopy And An Exploration Into Its Clinical Applications, Pradheep Raman
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and imaging has become popular in research fields for the past 2 decades. My research focuses on the development of a handheld, multi-channel, multi-separation probe for the low-cost, compact, NIR spectroscopy (LCC-NIRS) system and also on the exploration into its possible clinical applications. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the development of the multi-separation probe with source-detector separation of 3.8 cm, 3.3 cm, 3.0 cm, and 2.3 cm. The probe is designed to work as a tri-wavelength system for the LCC-NIRS, which was developed earlier, consisting of one light emitting …
High Precision Spatial And Temporal Control Of Neural Circuitry Using Semi-Automated, Multiwavelength Nanopatterning System, Nagasandhya Mitnala
High Precision Spatial And Temporal Control Of Neural Circuitry Using Semi-Automated, Multiwavelength Nanopatterning System, Nagasandhya Mitnala
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
The ideal way to manipulate neurons would be to reversibly activate and inactivate neuronal firing and thus enable a bi-directional control. Many attempts have been made in the past to have such a tool. The traditional approach for controlling neural circuits is to generate a local electric field which has been shown to be highly effective at triggering action potentials in neurons [53]. Although the timing of the electrode stimulation is very precise, its specificity and spatial control are poor. Also, silencing neuronal activity is as important as stimulating it. Ed Boyden described a protein that switches off nerve firing …
Optimization Of Methods For In-Vitro Expansion And Cryopreservation Of Mammalian Stem Cells, Harikrishnan Balachandran
Optimization Of Methods For In-Vitro Expansion And Cryopreservation Of Mammalian Stem Cells, Harikrishnan Balachandran
Bioengineering Theses - Archive
The recent advances in the field of Tissue Engineering have given rise to the need for a tremendous quantity of cells. The search for and use of an appropriate multipotent or pluripotent stem cells in tissue engineering is an emerging concept. Mesenchymal stem cells hold a very great deal of promise because of their capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into various lineages. These cells are very low in number in the body but their in vitro expansion capacity is very unique. Taking into consideration the lack of uniform approach for expansion of these MSCs and storing these cells for …
The Computerised Design Of Prestressed Cncrete Slabs, Ronan Hogan
The Computerised Design Of Prestressed Cncrete Slabs, Ronan Hogan
Masters
This thesis was aimed at the development of a finite element based software package for the analysis and design of prestressed concrete slabs. Many of the existing packages used in this area carry out a simplified two dimensional analysis of the slab which does not account for the secondary stresses set up by the presence of openings and notches in the slab. In an attempt to overcome this particular weakness, a finite element analysis package was written to help produce a more rigorous analysis of the stresses developed in prestressed concrete. The aims of the research were the examination of …
Rapid Bridge Replacement Under Emergency Situation: Case Study, Yong Bai, William R. Burkett, Phillip T. Nash
Rapid Bridge Replacement Under Emergency Situation: Case Study, Yong Bai, William R. Burkett, Phillip T. Nash
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, and subsequent potential threats to the United States transportation systems have presented an urgent need to elevate the security of the transportation infrastructure and to develop emergency response plans to quickly react to the possible consequences of an extreme event. Highway bridges, as critical components of the nation’s transportation network, have been brought to closer attention by government agencies. A research project was conducted to identify strategies and technologies to restore the use of a damaged bridge quickly. One of the tasks associated with the research was to perform several case studies of …
Fpga-Based Experiment Platform For Hardware-Software Codesign And Hardware Emulation, Yajuvendra Nagaonkar
Fpga-Based Experiment Platform For Hardware-Software Codesign And Hardware Emulation, Yajuvendra Nagaonkar
Theses and Dissertations
An FPGA-based experiment platform for hardware-software codesign experiments was developed. The proposed platform would be used by an engineer who can be affiliated with academia, research or industry for codesign experiments or hardware emulation. The platform utilizes a combination of a microcontroller and a FPGA device to enable sufficient flexibility in exploring the design space to implement codesign experiments. The FPGA device operation is integrated with that of the microcontroller to provide an overall embedded solution for codesign experimentations. It is anticipated that the platform will be used in academia for educating the students the concepts of computer architecture and …
Experimental And Finite Element Analysis Of Preloaded Bolted Joints Under Impact Loading, Brendan O'Toole, Kumarswamy Karpanan, Masoud Feghhi
Experimental And Finite Element Analysis Of Preloaded Bolted Joints Under Impact Loading, Brendan O'Toole, Kumarswamy Karpanan, Masoud Feghhi
Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research
One of the primary parameters in analyzing bolted joints is preload in the bolt. We have considered several possible preload modeling techniques to analyze the effect of preload on the dynamic response of the bolted joints. Five different methods of applying preload in the nonlinear finite element analysis are evaluated. These methods are “force on bolt and nut”, “force on bolt shank”, “interference fit”, “thermal gradient” and “initial stress method”. Explicit and implicit analyses are used for transient response and preload generation in bolt respectively. Time history and shock response spectrum are used to compare experimental and simulation results. Simulation …
Modeling Of The Ic's Switching Currents On The Power Bus Of A High Speed Digital Board, Mauro Lai, James L. Drewniak, Vittorio Ricchiuti, Antonio Orlandi, Giulio Antonini
Modeling Of The Ic's Switching Currents On The Power Bus Of A High Speed Digital Board, Mauro Lai, James L. Drewniak, Vittorio Ricchiuti, Antonio Orlandi, Giulio Antonini
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
When the performances of the electronic technology increase (higher frequencies, more power, lover power supply, faster transistors, reduced chip dimensions), designing electronic equipment becomes more challenging for the electronic engineers. Signal and power integrity on board become of paramount importance. One of the main causes of board malfunctions and electromagnetic radiation is the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) due to the integrated circuits soldered on the board. The paper proposes two simple procedures to model the SSN, so to evaluate its effects in any point of the board.
Optimal Allocation Of A Statcom In A 45 Bus Section Of The Brazilian Power System Using Particle Swarm Optimization, J. C. Hernandez, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Yamille Del Valle, Ronald G. Harley
Optimal Allocation Of A Statcom In A 45 Bus Section Of The Brazilian Power System Using Particle Swarm Optimization, J. C. Hernandez, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Yamille Del Valle, Ronald G. Harley
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper introduces the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to solve the optimal allocation of a STATCOM in a 45 bus system which is part of the Brazilian power network. The criterion used in finding the optimal location is based on the voltage profile of the system, i.e. the voltage deviation at each bus, with respect to its optimum value, is minimized. In order to test the performance of the PSO algorithm in this particular application, different approaches for inertia weight are investigated; also different values of acceleration constants, number of iterations and maximum velocity are considered. A sensitivity …
Overdistention Operation Of Cascaded Multilevel Inverters, Xiaomin Kou, Keith Corzine, M. W. Wielebski
Overdistention Operation Of Cascaded Multilevel Inverters, Xiaomin Kou, Keith Corzine, M. W. Wielebski
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In the past decade, the multilevel power converter has transitioned from an experimental concept to a standard product of many medium-voltage drive manufacturers. By utilizing small voltage steps, the multilevel topology offers higher power quality, higher voltage capability, lower switching losses, and improved electromagnetic compatibility over standard topologies. Recently, several researchers have focused on the cascaded multilevel inverter whereby two multilevel inverters are series connected to a motor load by splitting the neutral connection. The resulting performance is exceptional in terms of power quality since the overall number of voltage levels is effectively the product of the two cascaded inverters. …