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2004

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Articles 1291 - 1320 of 2785

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Axial-Compressive Capacities Of A New Type Of Tapered Steel Pipe Pile At The John F. Kennedy International Airport, John S. Horvath, Thomas Trochalides, Andrew Burns, Stanley Merjan Apr 2004

Axial-Compressive Capacities Of A New Type Of Tapered Steel Pipe Pile At The John F. Kennedy International Airport, John S. Horvath, Thomas Trochalides, Andrew Burns, Stanley Merjan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Tapered driven piles have been the deep foundation of choice at the well-known John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFKIA) in New York City ever since construction of and at the airport began in the late 1940s. For many decades naturally tapered timber piles were used primarily but various brands of closed-end steel pipe piles have become preferred in recent years as design engineers have sought ever-increasing allowable axial-compressive loads per pile. Toward the end of the 20th century, construction of new passenger terminals and a light-rail system called AirTrain at JFKIA pushed existing steel-piling alternatives to their performance limit in …

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Ground Improvement By Optimized Preload Program, Henrik Kristiansen, Todd Martin Apr 2004

Ground Improvement By Optimized Preload Program, Henrik Kristiansen, Todd Martin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Preloading of sites underlain by compressible soils is a well-established site development procedure to reduce post-construction settlements of structures supported on shallow foundations. Considerable reduction in the preload duration can often be achieved by installation of vertical drains. It is desirable to extend vertical drains down through the compressible soils impacted by the preload and terminate the drains within relatively incompressible soils. If this cannot be achieved, then the potential exists for unacceptable post-construction differential settlements due to greater settlement below the center of the building than along its edges. If no relatively incompressible soils exist below the compressible soils …

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Ground Improvement By Stone Columns And Surcharge At A Tank Site, Kul Bhushan, Ashok Dhingra, Curt Scheyhing, Endi Zhai Apr 2004

Ground Improvement By Stone Columns And Surcharge At A Tank Site, Kul Bhushan, Ashok Dhingra, Curt Scheyhing, Endi Zhai

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The ground improvement performed at the site of two 190-ft (57.9 m) diameter, 40-ft (12.2 m) high, 8 million-gallon (30,300 m3), circular steel water storage tanks consisted of installation of stone columns to mitigate liquefaction and lateral spreading potential and a surcharge program to reduce post-construction settlements. Settlement during the surcharge program ranged between 9 and 15 in. (225 and 375 mm) and post-construction settlement during the hydrotest was about 1.2 inches (305 mm).

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The Geotechnical Hazard Induced By 8.1 Earthquake In West Pass Of Kunlun Mountatin In China In 2001, Lanmin Wang, Zhongxia Yuan, Xu Liu, Yongming Chen, Weifeng Wang Apr 2004

The Geotechnical Hazard Induced By 8.1 Earthquake In West Pass Of Kunlun Mountatin In China In 2001, Lanmin Wang, Zhongxia Yuan, Xu Liu, Yongming Chen, Weifeng Wang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On November 14, 2001, a great earthquake with a magnitude of Ms=8.1 occurred in the Qinhai-Tibet Plateau, China, which is called as the west pass of Kunlun mountain Ms8.1 earthquake. This earthquake is the largest and the first one with a magnitude greater than 8.0 in mainland China in the recent 50 years. It caused a large-scale deformation zone with a length of 426 km in frozen soil deposit in the plateau with a height of 4000-5500 meters above sea level. Some geotechnical hazards induced in the meizoseismal area, such as compression and tension failure of soil deposit, shaking landslides …

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Estimate The Magnitude And Nature Of Distress The Various Structures Have Undergone Due To Recent Bhuj Earthquake, A. R. Katti Apr 2004

Estimate The Magnitude And Nature Of Distress The Various Structures Have Undergone Due To Recent Bhuj Earthquake, A. R. Katti

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On January 26, 2001 one of the most destructive earthquakes ever to strike India occurred in Gujarat. More than 13,000 lives were lost in this earthquake. Several civil engineering sections have undergone moderate to severe distress. In this paper two cases of one port at Adani and a salt factory which has undergone severe distress has been covered.

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Estimation Of Site Effects In The Israel Seacoast Area By Ambient Noise Records For Microzonation, Y. Zaslavsky, A. Shapira, M. Gorstein, M. Kalmanovich Apr 2004

Estimation Of Site Effects In The Israel Seacoast Area By Ambient Noise Records For Microzonation, Y. Zaslavsky, A. Shapira, M. Gorstein, M. Kalmanovich

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Owing to the proximity to seismically active faults as well as the population density in the band of Israel Seacoast between the towns of Ashqelon and Haifa, this region may be considered a high seismic risk zone. For quantitative assessment of seismic response in terms of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios the ambient noise survey was carried out at 190 sites. Results derived from H/V analysis indicate site amplifications ranging from 1 to 8 within the frequency band 1.0-6.0 Hz. The soil profiles at the investigated sites were very different. Some sites have simple profiles in the uppermost surface layer and …

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Source Process Of Normal Earthquakes: The 3 February 2002, M6.3 Afyon, Turkey And The 7 September 1999, M5.9 Athens, Greece Earthquakes, Zafeiria Roumelioti, Christoforos Benetatos, Anastasia Kiratzi, Nikos Theodoulidis, Mustafa Aktar, Hayrullah Karabulut, Gonca Orgulu Apr 2004

Source Process Of Normal Earthquakes: The 3 February 2002, M6.3 Afyon, Turkey And The 7 September 1999, M5.9 Athens, Greece Earthquakes, Zafeiria Roumelioti, Christoforos Benetatos, Anastasia Kiratzi, Nikos Theodoulidis, Mustafa Aktar, Hayrullah Karabulut, Gonca Orgulu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The source process of two normal-fault earthquakes, the 3 February 2002, M6.3 Afyon, Turkey and the 7 September 1999, M5.9 Athens, Greece earthquakes are studied using regional, teleseismic and strong motion data. Detailed information derived from teleseismic waveform modeling and source time functions inversions are combined and used to forward model recorded strong ground motion. Both events presented evidence for emergence of strong directivity effects during their rupture, which greatly affected the distribution of strong ground motion. These results are indicative of the contribution of the source factor to the distribution of earthquake damage and consequently of its importance in …

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Stone Column Ground Improvement Against Liquefaction For The Preveza-Aktio Immersed Tunnel, Christos Vrettos, Stavros Savidis Apr 2004

Stone Column Ground Improvement Against Liquefaction For The Preveza-Aktio Immersed Tunnel, Christos Vrettos, Stavros Savidis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The construction of the road fixed-link crossing between Preveza and Aktio on the north-western coast of Greece has recently been completed. The project consists of an immersed single-tube tunnel under the strait and two cut-and-cover tunnels at the ends of the immersed part. The immersed section is constructed of eight precast rectangular concrete elements placed on the sea bottom at a depth of 25 m. The site is characterized by high seismicity. Foundation soil consists of Holocene marine sediments comprising irregular layers of sands, silts and clays that extend to great depth in the central part of the strait. Along …

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Nonlinear Site Response Analysis In The New Madrid Seismic Zone, Wei Zheng, Ronaldo Luna Apr 2004

Nonlinear Site Response Analysis In The New Madrid Seismic Zone, Wei Zheng, Ronaldo Luna

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Deep alluvial soil deposit of the Mississippi Embayment overlies the New Madrid Seismic Zone. A new nonlinear site response analysis model has been developed for wave propagation in deep soil deposits. The shape of the backbone curve of the model is described by the empirical unified formulas. Extended Masing criteria are used to represent hysteretic loading and unloading of soils. The new model takes into account the influence of the effective confining pressure on the shear modulus degradation and the viscous damping development in soil. The model is implemented into a two-dimensional finite element code in the time domain and …

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Micropile Underpinning Of The Atlantic Avenue Station, Aomar Benslimane, J. Castelli Raymond, G. Silano Louis Apr 2004

Micropile Underpinning Of The Atlantic Avenue Station, Aomar Benslimane, J. Castelli Raymond, G. Silano Louis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Atlantic Avenue Station is located under Flatbush Avenue at the intersection with Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, New York. This paper addresses the design and construction challenges involving the structural underpinning of the Atlantic Avenue Station, considered one of the busiest subway stations in New York City, with minimum disturbance to station operations. This paper focuses on the design of the micropile underpinning system, and documents the test pile program. Included are test pile details and installation procedures, load test results, conclusions from the test pile program, and recommendations for installation of the production piles.

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“Value Engineering…?” – Changes During Construction, Maral Papazian Bedian Apr 2004

“Value Engineering…?” – Changes During Construction, Maral Papazian Bedian

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

“Value Engineering” is a frequently found clause in Construction contracts in the USA, allowing contractor-initiated design changes. Misleading is the interpretation of “value engineering” to imply cost savings shared with the owner, and its implementation during construction, is problematic. It is not surprising that such a clause would simply be ignored because it involves changes in design, often major changes in very short time; and change is feared and vehemently resisted by all parties, owner, designer, and contractor. The problem may lie in the divergence and separation of the designer/engineer and builder/contractor; their priorities and incentives are very different. The …

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Past Proceedings: 3rd International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1993), Multiple Authors Apr 2004

Past Proceedings: 3rd International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1993), Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Past Proceedings: 4th International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1991), Multiple Authors Apr 2004

Past Proceedings: 4th International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1991), Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Seismic Bearing Capacity Failure And Overturning Of ‘Terveler’ Building In Adapazari, 1999, George Gazetas, Marios Apostolou, John Anastasopoulos Apr 2004

Seismic Bearing Capacity Failure And Overturning Of ‘Terveler’ Building In Adapazari, 1999, George Gazetas, Marios Apostolou, John Anastasopoulos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper investigates some aspects of the rocking response of structures, the foundations of which are allowed to uplift from their base. Observed behaviour of foundations in Adapazari during the 17-8-99 Izmit (Kocaeli) Earthquake is outlined. Settlement, tilting, and complete overturning of numerous buildings during this devastating earthquake are attributed to the interplay between the yielding/liquefying soil and the rocking/uplifting foundation, under large inertial overturning moments generated by the slender buildings. The overturning of Terveler building is studied in detail. The scope of the study is to present the facts of these cases and outline some plausible mechanisms of overturning.

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Seismic Geotechnical Investigations Of Bridges In New York City, M. K. Yegian Apr 2004

Seismic Geotechnical Investigations Of Bridges In New York City, M. K. Yegian

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Seismic vulnerability assessment of a critical bridge is a major undertaking. Such an investigation may lead to requirements with respect to seismic retrofitting of an existing bridge or enhancement of the design of a new bridge, often at considerable cost. A safe and cost-effective new design or retrofit of a bridge requires the application of realistic evaluations at every step of the seismic analysis, in which geotechnical earthquake engineering should play an important role. Soil and site conditions can have important effects on not only the earthquake motions but also on the dynamic response of the soil-foundation-bridge system. This paper …

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Impact Of Geographical Information Systems On Geotechnical Engineering, J. David Rogers, Ronaldo Luna Apr 2004

Impact Of Geographical Information Systems On Geotechnical Engineering, J. David Rogers, Ronaldo Luna

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Over the last four decades Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as the predominant medium for graphic representation of geospatial data, including geotechnical, geologic and hydrologic information routinely used by geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineers. GIS allow unlimited forms of spatial data to be co-mingled, weighted and sorted with any number of physical or environmental factors. These data can also be combined with weighted political and aesthetic values to create hybrid graphic products capable of swaying public perceptions and decision making. The downside of some GIS products is that their apparent efficacy and crispness can also be deceptive, if data of …

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The Observational Method – Learning From Projects, Alan Powderham Apr 2004

The Observational Method – Learning From Projects, Alan Powderham

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Simplicity is at the heart of the observational method.1,2 Its basis is straightforward and it is an inherently natural approach to address uncertainty. The focus on prediction, monitoring, feedback, and teamwork also creates a strong opportunity for learning. Applications typically involve underground construction and temporary works. The objectives are to save cost or time while maintaining an acceptable level of safety. Application of the method was pioneered by Terzaghi and the principles were formally set down by Peck3 in his 1969 Rankine lecture. Possible modes of failure must be carefully assessed and controlled – particularly those of a sudden or …

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Geotechnical Observations Of The November 3, 2002 M7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, Robert Kayen, Eric Thompson, Diane Minasian, Brian Collins, Eric R. S. Moss, Nicholas Sitar, Gary Carver Apr 2004

Geotechnical Observations Of The November 3, 2002 M7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, Robert Kayen, Eric Thompson, Diane Minasian, Brian Collins, Eric R. S. Moss, Nicholas Sitar, Gary Carver

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The M 7.9 earthquake of November 3, 2002 event ruptured more than 340 kilometers on three fault, causing widespread liquefaction in the fluvial deposits of steep alpine valleys of the Alaska Range and eastern lowlands of the Tanana River. The event occurred in a remote and largely undeveloped portion of the rugged Alaskan central range, with few seismometer recordings. The areas affected by liquefaction are largely confined to native Holocene river deposits, areas bounded by stiffer ground moraine, Pleistocene uplands, and bedrock. Liquefaction affected areas of alluvial river valleys draining mountainous and glacier-proximal rivers. The most noteworthy observations are that …

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Forensic Engineering In Applied Civil Engineering And Geo-Domain, D. S. Saxena Apr 2004

Forensic Engineering In Applied Civil Engineering And Geo-Domain, D. S. Saxena

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The new discipline that deals with investigation of failures and performance problems in the built environment is known as Forensic Engineering. While forensic civil engineering is a well established science, forensic geotechnical engineering is a relatively new discipline. It involves scientific and jurisprudence related investigations and evaluation to analyze the causes/process of structural distress that originates from geo-domain. Forensics in geo-domain encompasses an extensive array of topics with general emphasis in civil engineering and specific emphasis in geotechnical and related fields having geological, geophysical, geoenvironmental, and structural applications. Mostly it applies to failures after they occur when their application has …

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Past Proceedings: 2nd International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1988), Multiple Authors Apr 2004

Past Proceedings: 2nd International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1988), Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Three Recent Damaging Earthquakes In Mexico, E. Ovando-Shelley, M. P. Romo Apr 2004

Three Recent Damaging Earthquakes In Mexico, E. Ovando-Shelley, M. P. Romo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Seismicity in Mexico is largely influenced by subduction earthquakes that originate along much of its Pacific Coast. These events have recurrently damaged Mexico City but other less frequent earthquakes produced by other sources and mechanisms also contribute to seismic hazard there and have damaged other important cities and towns. In this paper we review, from the point of view of geotechnical engineering, the effects of three of these less frequent events: the Manzanillo earthquake of Octobrer 9, 1995, the Tehuacán Earthquake of June 6, 1999 and the Tecomán Earthquake of January 21, 2003.

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Conference Schedule, Multiple Authors Apr 2004

Conference Schedule, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Co-Sponsors, Multiple Members Apr 2004

Co-Sponsors, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Paper Review Committee, Multiple Members Apr 2004

Paper Review Committee, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Settlements Under Changed Structural Loadings, Vijay Khosla Apr 2004

Settlements Under Changed Structural Loadings, Vijay Khosla

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper deals with settlement analysis of the foundation systems which currently support the Tower City Center located in Downtown Cleveland, Ohio. The project features the complete renovation of an old retail arcade and conversion of abandoned space in the Old Union Railroad Terminal. The major foundation system consists of a number of closely spaced spread footings bearing at varying elevations. A very small section of the development is supported by deep-seated belled caisson units. These foundations were originally installed during the late 1920's to support the construction of a proposed twenty-five story U-shaped building with a lower structure in …

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Geopier Soil Reinforcement System – Case Histories Of High Bearing Capacity Footing Support And Floor Slab Support, Nathaniel S. Fox, Larry R. Weppler, Rainer Scherbeck Apr 2004

Geopier Soil Reinforcement System – Case Histories Of High Bearing Capacity Footing Support And Floor Slab Support, Nathaniel S. Fox, Larry R. Weppler, Rainer Scherbeck

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Geopier® Rammed Aggregate Pier system is an innovative ground improvement method developed in the 1980’s that has grown in the United States and more recently in Asia and Europe, for supporting lightly to heavily loaded structures and highway and railroad embankments. The system is unique because it prestresses and prestrains adjacent matrix soils during installation of rammed aggregate piers. It has been successfully used on hundreds of project sites to support building foundations, floor slabs, storage tanks, and roadway embankments founded on both, poor and unsuitable soils as well as fair to good soils. The rammed aggregate pier system …

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Foundation Treatments Using Sand Compaction Piles And Surcharge Loading Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, A Case Study, Perry A. Taylor, John A. Gerlach Apr 2004

Foundation Treatments Using Sand Compaction Piles And Surcharge Loading Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, A Case Study, Perry A. Taylor, John A. Gerlach

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two, 42-meter diameter, 12.2 meter high (100,000 barrel) above ground jet fuel tanks are currently under construction by the Japan Engineering District (JED), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the Defense Logistic Agency (DLA) at Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Iwakuni. This presentation is a case study of the installation of Sand Compaction Piles (SCP’s) and surcharge at MCAS Iwakuni. The geology below the tanks consists of poorly behaving liquefiable silty clays that can affect the bearing capacity of the loaded tanks. The site was formerly a marsh area filled with various debris and construction refuse and then covered with …

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Surcharge Fill And Vertical Drain System Improves Soft Clay Site, Mark M. Petersen, Gary J. Van Riessen Apr 2004

Surcharge Fill And Vertical Drain System Improves Soft Clay Site, Mark M. Petersen, Gary J. Van Riessen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Intermountain Power Project in Delta, Utah required construction of a Railcar Service Center near Provo, Utah. Preliminary investigations related to the design of the proposed facility revealed the presence of soft clays at the site adjacent to the foothills of the Wasatch Mountains. Detailed geotechnical laboratory and field investigations were performed using relatively undisturbed California samples, thin-walled Shelby tube samples, and cone penetration test soundings. The detailed investigations revealed the presence of a significant layer of deep, soft varved clay. This soft clay layer originated from alluvial deposits from the old Lake Bonneville. Because of the need to develop …

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Dearborn Center: A Unique Soil Structure Interaction Design, Clyde N. Baker Jr., Ted D. Bushell, Rob Diebold Apr 2004

Dearborn Center: A Unique Soil Structure Interaction Design, Clyde N. Baker Jr., Ted D. Bushell, Rob Diebold

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper describes a case history that illustrates a mixed foundation system in which existing caissons which previously supported an 11-story building that had been demolished down to street level, share the load with a mat constructed in the lowest basement level on top of the existing caissons to support a new 38-story office building. The geotechnical investigation to determine the properties of the supporting soil strata is described as well as the material investigation to confirm the integrity of the existing foundations. The soil structure interaction concept developed and the analysis performed is presented. The observed settlement is compared …

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Comparison Of Two Ground Modification Techniques To Reduce Settlement, Kenneth R. Bell, John R. Davie Apr 2004

Comparison Of Two Ground Modification Techniques To Reduce Settlement, Kenneth R. Bell, John R. Davie

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

At the La Rosita Power Plant site in Mexicali, Mexico, a 3-m thick layer of loose very fine sandy silt was encountered at about 7.5 m depth. Settlement calculations performed for the heavier (150 to 200 kPa) settlement sensitive structures indicated values of up to 65 mm, compared to an allowable settlement of 50 mm. During the design of the base plant, various options for limiting settlement were reviewed. Based on a cost and schedule review, jet grouting of the loose silt layer was chosen. The predicted post-grouting foundation settlement was approximately 35 to 40 mm. During construction of the …

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