Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (505)
- Geotechnical Engineering (346)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (260)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (152)
- Mechanical Engineering (136)
-
- Electrical and Electronics (122)
- Aerospace Engineering (91)
- Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering (73)
- Computer Engineering (61)
- Education (61)
- Civil Engineering (60)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (59)
- Chemical Engineering (59)
- Arts and Humanities (51)
- Computer Sciences (47)
- Transportation Engineering (45)
- Business (42)
- Materials Science and Engineering (42)
- Manufacturing (39)
- Biological Engineering (35)
- Energy Systems (33)
- History (32)
- Operational Research (31)
- Aviation (30)
- Physics (29)
- Other Mechanical Engineering (28)
- History of Science, Technology, and Medicine (27)
- Science and Mathematics Education (27)
- United States History (27)
- Institution
-
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (441)
- Air Force Institute of Technology (206)
- New Jersey Institute of Technology (197)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (70)
- Old Dominion University (50)
-
- University of Kentucky (49)
- Utah State University (34)
- Rochester Institute of Technology (32)
- Purdue University (30)
- Portland State University (25)
- Nova Southeastern University (22)
- University of Central Florida (22)
- University of Dar es Salaam (17)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (15)
- University of South Carolina (15)
- Washington University in St. Louis (15)
- Technological University Dublin (13)
- Western Michigan University (11)
- University of Northern Iowa (9)
- Wright State University (9)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (6)
- Michigan Technological University (6)
- Brigham Young University (5)
- Cleveland State University (5)
- Santa Clara University (5)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (5)
- University of Southern Maine (4)
- Dartmouth College (3)
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia (3)
- Florida Institute of Technology (3)
- Keyword
-
- Engineering (18)
- Neural networks (Computer science) (14)
- Chemical Engineering (13)
- Image processing (12)
- Announcements (11)
-
- Calendar (11)
- Campus engagement (11)
- Community engagement (11)
- Faculty (11)
- Newsletter (11)
- Sports (11)
- Student engagement (11)
- University events (11)
- Construction (10)
- Architecture (9)
- Building (9)
- Computer vision (9)
- Neural Nets (9)
- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) (9)
- Plumbing (9)
- College of Engineering and Computer Science (8)
- Computer Science (8)
- Newsletters (8)
- Science news (8)
- Technical writing (8)
- Finite element method (7)
- Flight control (7)
- CAD/CAM systems (6)
- Computer algorithms (6)
- Electrochemical electrodes (6)
- Publication
-
- International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (345)
- Theses and Dissertations (198)
- Theses (185)
- Journal of the Microelectronic Engineering Conference (32)
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (27)
-
- Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE) (25)
- Kentucky's Annual Forum on Transportation (24)
- Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations (23)
- Cells and Materials (22)
- Faculty Publications (21)
- Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report (20)
- Dissertations and Theses (19)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works (17)
- JTRP Technical Reports (17)
- Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET) (17)
- All Computer Science and Engineering Research (15)
- Retrospective Theses and Dissertations (15)
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications (13)
- ACUTA Newsletters (12)
- Dissertations (12)
- Masters Theses (12)
- College of Engineering and Computing Course Catalogs (11)
- The Calendar (11)
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works (10)
- Building Services Engineering (9)
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations (9)
- BITs and PCs Newsletter (8)
- CCFSS Library (1939 - present) (8)
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works (7)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications (6)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 781 - 810 of 1363
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Banquet Speeches And Remarks, Shamsher Prakash, Shiming Wu, Kenji Akino, John T. Park, Joseph H. Senne, Jeanne L. Senne
Banquet Speeches And Remarks, Shamsher Prakash, Shiming Wu, Kenji Akino, John T. Park, Joseph H. Senne, Jeanne L. Senne
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Index, Multiple Authors
Index, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Author And Discussion Index, Multiple Authors
Author And Discussion Index, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Errata, Multiple Authors
Errata, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
A Cyclic Shear-Volume Coupling And Pore Pressure Model For Sand, Peter M. Byrne
A Cyclic Shear-Volume Coupling And Pore Pressure Model For Sand, Peter M. Byrne
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A two parameter incremental shear-volume coupling equation is presented for sand. The equation is based upon experimental data and gives predictions that are in excellent agreement with data over a range of relative densities and stress conditions. Empirical expressions for the two parameters based on incorporated in a simple shear pore pressure element model and the predictions of the model are compared with both saturated undrained cyclic strain and cyclic load tests. It is found that, provided a threshold strain is incorporated, the model predictions are in very good agreement with the laboratory data over a wide range of stress …
A Cyclic Triaxial Facility For Loading A Silty Clay, Matthew Raybould
A Cyclic Triaxial Facility For Loading A Silty Clay, Matthew Raybould
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A digital control servo-hydraulic triaxial test facility with full data acquisition has been developed at Nottingham University as part of the UK Science and Engineering Research Council initiative in earthquake engineering. This apparatus is currently being used to investigate the response of a coarse silt contaminated by kaolin clay to cyclic stress and strain. High quality deformation data is generated by on sample instrumentation and enables the stiffness at very low strain levels to be determined accurately. This paper describes the development of the facility and presents some results of the tests carried out to date.
Cyclic Load Resistance Of Vertically Reinforced Sand Subgrades, Vijay K. Puri, James A. Chae, Braja M. Das
Cyclic Load Resistance Of Vertically Reinforced Sand Subgrades, Vijay K. Puri, James A. Chae, Braja M. Das
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper presents the results of laboratory scale model footing tests which were conducted for determining the cyclic load resistance of sand subgrades reinforced with semi-flexible vertical elements. The tests were conducted in a sandbox having a length of 91.5 cm, width 15.25 cm, and height of 61.0 cm. Steel bars 1. 58 mm in diameter were used as reinforcing elements. Tests were also conducted by using rough reinforcing elements. The test results indicate that the value of coefficient of elastic uniform compression of the footing on sand increases with the provision of vertical reinforcement in the sand subgrade. Rough …
Cyclic Non-Linear Constitutive Equations For Sands, T. Doanh
Cyclic Non-Linear Constitutive Equations For Sands, T. Doanh
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A series of triaxial cyclic tests are performed on Hostun sand; each test undergoes several two-way, strain-controlled cyclic loadings under drained conditions. The purpose of these tests is to investigate the behavior of this sand under complex loadings. This paper extends the previous works during the last years, and aims at showing that the non-linear incremental constitutive equations can describe the behavior of saturated sand subjected to various stress loadings in drained conditions.
Degradation Behavior Of Normally Consolidated Clay Under Cyclic Loading Condition, Meei-Ling Lin, Jiang-Yuan Chen
Degradation Behavior Of Normally Consolidated Clay Under Cyclic Loading Condition, Meei-Ling Lin, Jiang-Yuan Chen
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The degradation behavior of soil may become important when considering the response of soft clay under cyclic loading condition. A nonlinear model was proposed by Idriss, et al. to account for the degradation behavior based on the controlled-strain test. By adopting a numerical procedure, the data obtained in controlled-stress cyclic triaxial test can be used to find the degradation parameter defined in the nonlinear degradation model proposed by Idriss, et al. A series of consolidated-undrained controlled-stress and controlled-strain cyclic triaxial tests were performed on laboratory manufactured normally consolidated soft clay samples. The relationship between degradation parameter and strain was determined …
Session 1: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors
Session 1: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Downhole Seismic Cone Analysis Using Digital Signal Processing, R. G. Campanella, W. P. Stewart
Downhole Seismic Cone Analysis Using Digital Signal Processing, R. G. Campanella, W. P. Stewart
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In-situ measurement of the dynamic characteristics of surficial soils is becoming more common in geotechnical practice for prediction of ground surface motions from earthquake excitation and to evaluate foundations for vibrating equipment. Techniques for these measurements have been under development at the University Of British Columbia (U.B.C.) since 1980. The paper discusses many practical considerations with respect to equipment (sources, receivers, trigger, etc.) and procedures that can affect the interpretation and analysis of seismic cone results. A brief review is given of the cross-over method as used at UBC to determine interval shear velocity travel times from downhole seismic cone …
Dynamic Properties Of Saturated Coal Fly Ash, Pei-Ji Yu, Wei-Qin Qin
Dynamic Properties Of Saturated Coal Fly Ash, Pei-Ji Yu, Wei-Qin Qin
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The great part of fly ash produced by thermal power plants is either sluiced or filled in disposal areas in China. The dynamic properties of fly ash are important for solving geotechnical problems relating to fly ash mass under dynamic loadings. The high temperature during combustion makes fly ash nonplastic but pozzolanic. The nonplasticity causes the dynamic properties of sluiced and just compacted fly ash to be similar to ones of silts. The pozzolanic action causes obvious aging effect for compacted fly ash, by which an aging time of 180 days may increase maximum shear modulus by 75% to 400% …
Effects Of Hysteretic Shape On Dynamic Response, Per B. Selnes, Farrokh Nadim
Effects Of Hysteretic Shape On Dynamic Response, Per B. Selnes, Farrokh Nadim
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The parameters determined in laboratory tests for use in dynamic analyses are usually the secant modulus and the area of the hysteresis loop. The accuracy of this approach was studied for highly non-linear behavior through analytical solutions and numerical simulations of a single degree of freedom system. Only the effect of the shape of the hysteresis loop was studied, i.e. the stiffness and the area of the loop were kept constant independent of amplitude. The study shows that irregular hysteresis may cause a significant increase in the response of the system in higher frequencies compared to what would be expected …
In Situ And Laboratory Tests For The Evaluation Of Dynamic Geotechnical Properties Of A Cohesive Deposit In Florence, T. Crespellani, G. Vannucchi, A. Ghinelli
In Situ And Laboratory Tests For The Evaluation Of Dynamic Geotechnical Properties Of A Cohesive Deposit In Florence, T. Crespellani, G. Vannucchi, A. Ghinelli
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In order to determine dynamic parameters to use for seismic microzoning purposes in a new development area near Florence, the dynamic behavior of the alluvial silty clays situated in the upper 60 m of the deposit was experimentally investigated using geophysical surveys and cyclic laboratory tests. Previous studies on the geotechnical properties of the clays of Florence revealed that, in spite of some similarities in a comparison with other coeval clays described in the literature this soil exhibits a few anomalies, as e.g. higher variations between field and laboratory shear waves velocities and remarkable differences in the coefficients of the …
Seismic Downhole, Cpt, And Dmt Correlations In Sand, Thomas G. Thomann, Roman D. Hryciw
Seismic Downhole, Cpt, And Dmt Correlations In Sand, Thomas G. Thomann, Roman D. Hryciw
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Results from seismic cone penetration and dilatometer tests performed in a cohesionless soil are presented and compared with previously published correlations for estimating the elastic shear modulus. Poor correlations were obtained between the elastic shear modulus, the dilatometer modulus and the cone tip resistance; however, somewhat better estimates of the elastic shear modulus were obtained using the coefficient of lateral stress and total unit weight empirically determined from the dilatometer.
Structural Collapse Behavior Of Sands In Undrained Shear, J. D. Frost, J. L. Chameau, G. A. Leonards
Structural Collapse Behavior Of Sands In Undrained Shear, J. D. Frost, J. L. Chameau, G. A. Leonards
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Results from undrained torsional shear tests are presented and used to further examine the concepts of steady state and structural collapse in sands, with emphasis on the influence of the collapse mechanism on soil behavior at steady state. It is shown that the degree to which the material collapses is dependent on the loading conditions and the initial fabric of the sand. Consequently, the steady state position in the state diagram is also function of these parameters.
The Influence Of Large Prestrains On Dynamic Properties Of Sand, Richard Wesley Stephenson, S. K. Stringer, K. Sutterer
The Influence Of Large Prestrains On Dynamic Properties Of Sand, Richard Wesley Stephenson, S. K. Stringer, K. Sutterer
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The development of the UMR Resonant Column/Torsional simple Shear device has provided the means to evaluate high and low amplitude shear moduli on a single sand specimen. Results of cyclic torsional simple shear tests showed that progressive strain increases w1th the cyclic strain amplitude and the number of cycles and decreases with density of the sand. Large accumulated prestrains were found to decrease the maximum dynamic shear modulus by 30 to 35%.
Variation Of The Soil Geotechnical Properties At Dynamic Loading, Bohumil Svoboda
Variation Of The Soil Geotechnical Properties At Dynamic Loading, Bohumil Svoboda
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Many experiments of cohesive and noncohesive soils were performed at the special dynamic laboratory Stavebni geologie Prague. The dynamic properties of these roils depend on their internal structure. The cracks of buildings may be observed in earthquake regions if they are constructed on soils that have undergone liquefaction. The special geotechnical investigation may identity these soils.
Cyclic Strength Evaluation Of Rockfill Dams, Farhat H. Siddiqi, Richard J. Fragaszy
Cyclic Strength Evaluation Of Rockfill Dams, Farhat H. Siddiqi, Richard J. Fragaszy
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A method of modeling the cyclic behavior of gravelly soils containing particles too large to be tested in standard laboratory equipment has been described. This matrix model is based on the understanding that oversize particles floating in a matrix of smaller grains can be removed without significantly affecting the cyclic behavior of the total soil. Successful modeling of the total soil requires that the matrix be tested at the same relative density as that of the total material. Cyclic triaxial test results on two different gravelly soils are presented. Results of tests performed on the total soil with maximum grain …
Experimental Study On Lateral Flow Of Ground Due To Soil Liquefaction, Yasushi Sasaki, Hideo Matsumoto, Ken-Ichi Tokida, Syoichi Saya
Experimental Study On Lateral Flow Of Ground Due To Soil Liquefaction, Yasushi Sasaki, Hideo Matsumoto, Ken-Ichi Tokida, Syoichi Saya
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A series of shake table tests is carried out on the lateral flow of the ground due to soil liquefaction during earthquakes. The model grounds are 6.0 m long, 0.8 m wide and their average height is 1.2 m. The slope of the ground surface and the lower boundary condition of liquefiable layer are varied, and the sinusoidal accelerations with a frequency of 2 Hz are inputted for 20 seconds. The deformation of model grounds, the excess pore water pressure of the liquefied layer, and the acceleration of the grounds are monitored. Based on the test results, the influence of …
Laboratory Tests On Embedded Reactor Building On Hard Ground, Hiroshi Hibino, Masanori Izumi, Ken'ichi Moriyama, Yukiharu Kiya
Laboratory Tests On Embedded Reactor Building On Hard Ground, Hiroshi Hibino, Masanori Izumi, Ken'ichi Moriyama, Yukiharu Kiya
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In order to experimentally confirm the dynamic characteristics of embedded reactor building, shaking table tests and hammering tests were carried out, utilizing hard ground model made of hard silicone rubber and structural model made of aluminum which is embedded by soft silicone rubber. From the test results, it was confirmed that embedment increases system frequency of soil- structure interaction system, the ratio of elastic deformation of structure and radiation damping. Using the transient data of impulse responses, impedance function and foundation input motion could be identified in a smooth shape. Simulated results for non-embedded case by wave propagation theory and …
Large Scale Field Tests On Quaternary Sand And Gravel Deposits For Seismic Siting Technology, Makota Watabe, Takaaki Konno, Masao Hayashi, Sadao Suzuki, Kenji Ishihara, Koji Kitazawa, Kinji Akino, Yoshio Suzuki, Setsuo Iizuka, Takashi Matsuda, Tetsuichi Ukita, Kiyonari Mori, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Kiyoshi Nagai
Large Scale Field Tests On Quaternary Sand And Gravel Deposits For Seismic Siting Technology, Makota Watabe, Takaaki Konno, Masao Hayashi, Sadao Suzuki, Kenji Ishihara, Koji Kitazawa, Kinji Akino, Yoshio Suzuki, Setsuo Iizuka, Takashi Matsuda, Tetsuichi Ukita, Kiyonari Mori, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Kiyoshi Nagai
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The basic policy of Japan is to build nuclear reactor building on bed rock. But, in order to cope with the middle and long term siting problems it has become necessary to promote new siting technology from the standpoint of expanding the available range of site selections and effective utilization of land. The large scale field tests were conducted at the Tadotsu Engineering Laboratory, Kagawa Prefecture, of The Nuclear Power Engineering Test Center (NUPEC) as an entrusted project into the Siting Methods on Quaternary Deposits from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), in order to verify the seismic …
Shaft Resistance During Driving In Clay From Laboratory Tests, A. Ben Amar, D. Levacher, Ph. Lepert, P. Boisard
Shaft Resistance During Driving In Clay From Laboratory Tests, A. Ben Amar, D. Levacher, Ph. Lepert, P. Boisard
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper presents a laboratory study which aimed at investigating the soil/pile interaction during driving. A short review of past experimental works justifies the need for more consistent data. The test equipment (a rod driven through a sample of soil) is briefly presented and some signals are displayed to illustrate the quality of the measurements. The tests were performed on samples of normally consolidated Kaolinit clay. The analysis of the stress waves propagating in the rod, during driving, provided a good estimation of interaction forces, bar velocities and displacements of the pile model in the sample. Relationships were established between …
Tunnel Damage Resulting From Seismic Loading, J. S. Phillips, B. A. Luke
Tunnel Damage Resulting From Seismic Loading, J. S. Phillips, B. A. Luke
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Correlation of ground motion to observed tunnel damage has largely been based on estimates of ground motion rather than observations and measurements. In an effort to provide a data set that included both measured ground motions and documented tunnel response, an experiment was designed and fielded 0.5 km from a recent underground nuclear explosion (UNE) which had a body wave magnitude, mb, and a Richter local magnitude, ML, of 5.0. The data obtained in this experiment are summarized in the paper. The discussion centers on the applicability of the results of this experiment to the design …
An Elastoplastic Model For Sand Liquefaction, Limin Zhang, Ting Hu
An Elastoplastic Model For Sand Liquefaction, Limin Zhang, Ting Hu
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The stress-dilatancy relations of sand for the stress paths involved in a complete periodic stress cycle are set up. The plastic potential functions for' each loading stage are derived consequently. Based on the idea of using a stress-strain relationship as an alternative strain-hardening law, the drained volume changes under different effective stress paths are derived and verified. A pore pressure generation mechanism which can take into account the dilatancy of soli directly and the related computational model are put forward. The model can calculate the instantaneous and residual pore pressures in sand and depict the liquefaction process of sand quantitatively, …
Deformation Of Coarse Materials Associated With Cyclic Loadings, Jiro Kuwano, Shih-Chang Chen
Deformation Of Coarse Materials Associated With Cyclic Loadings, Jiro Kuwano, Shih-Chang Chen
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A series of static and cyclic triaxial tests was carried out on compacted greywacke sandstone containing small amount of fines. Permanent strain of saturated or air-dried sample induced by cyclic loading was measured for different cyclic loading sequences, initial shear stress, and fine content. The shear deformation and strength of those samples were also investigated by monotonic loading on virgin and post-cyclic loading samples.
Session 3: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors
Session 3: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Dynamic Properties Of Soft Ground In Shanghai, H.-C. Fei, Y.-W. Wu, R. D. Woods
Dynamic Properties Of Soft Ground In Shanghai, H.-C. Fei, Y.-W. Wu, R. D. Woods
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Shanghai is located on the east coast of China at the mouth of the Yangtze river at the East China Sea. The alluvial soil deposit at this location is about 300 m deep with an upper soft soil stratum about 100m thick. A study of shear modulus G and damping ratio D of the soft soil stratum has been conducted using Drnevich Resonant Column Device. The test results have been compared with empirical formula for sands established by Hardin and Richart. New empirical relationships for the Shanghai silts and clays are presented.
Energy Approach For Liquefaction Of Sandy And Clayey Silts, Y. L. Cao, K. T. Law
Energy Approach For Liquefaction Of Sandy And Clayey Silts, Y. L. Cao, K. T. Law
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The liquefaction potential of sandy and clayey silts is assessed in this paper using an energy approach original developed for sand. Three series of laboratory tests were conducted to examine the liquefaction resistance of clean silt, sandy silt and clayey silt. The test results have been analyzed to establish a liquefaction failure criterion for silty soils. Based on this criterion, the case records of a new database have been studied and the results suggest that a single criterion can be used for sand, silt, sandy silt and clayey silt. For sandy or silty soils without clay content, the criterion is …
Liquefaction Fragilities For Buried Lifelines, Jose A. Pires, A. H.-S. Ang, I. Katayama
Liquefaction Fragilities For Buried Lifelines, Jose A. Pires, A. H.-S. Ang, I. Katayama
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
For buried structures, such as conduits and underground pipes, liquefaction induced forces will depend on the volume of soil surrounding the structure that will liquefy. Here, a methodology to calculate the probability of the onset of liquefaction at a given depth in a soil deposit is extended to assess the probability that a specified volume of soil will liquefy when liquefaction occurs at a given depth in the deposit. To account for the variability of soil properties with depth, the soil deposit is divided into horizontal layers and the volume of liquefied soil in each layer is calculated as the …