Engineering Commons^™

An Investigation Of The Dynamic Response Of The Activated Sludge Process, Tin-Bai Pan

Dissertations

A new mathematical model, derived from first principles of mass balance, is proposed for describing the mass transfer response of an activated sludge aeration tank in terms of a fluidized bed. The operational data to verify the proposed model were taken from an existing conventional wastewater treatment plant and a bench scale pilot plant.

The mass transfer rate, (K_dA_s), was presented by an empirical dimensionless group function as follows:

((K_dA_s)D_p/D_v) = fA_c (uD_p/ν)a ((ν/D_ν)(MLSS))^b

Or

Sh = f(A_c/A_s ) …

X-Ray Induced Electron Emission, Charles A. Aeby

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

An experimental technique has been developed and successfully used in the measurement of X-Ray induced electron emission from a variety of materials including a group of significance to satellite applications. A database has been established which extends measure emission characteristics to an order of magnitude lower energies than previously available.

A Study Of The Models Describing Fines And Filler Retention By Utilizing Cationic Starch As The Retention Aid, Nen-Sen Chen

Masters Theses

Fines and filler retention under dynamic conditions was studied in this thesis work. Zeta potential of samples are also measured. Dynamic Retention/Drainage Jar and Lazer-Zee Meter were used to accomplish this work. The results have been analyzed by statistical methods. When cationic starch was utilized as a retention aid the pH affected its efficiency, probably because the charge of cationic starch was dependent on pH. This effect was detected by utilizing two-way analysis of variance to find the sources of its interactions with molecular weight and agitation rate. The mechanism was thus determined. At pH 3 and 4, charge neutralization …

A Transient, One-Dimensional, Discrete-Element Transport Model For Predicting Hydrodynamic Conditions And Three-Layer Non-Equilibrium Pollutant Concentrations As Dissolved In Water And As Adsorbed On Different Classes Of Sediment In Controlled Rivers And Tidal Estuaries, Gary W. Zimmerman

Masters Theses

A transient one-dimensional mathematical model for simulating the transport of pollutant effluents from industrial plants is presented.

The Eulerion fluid-in-discrete-element (FLIDE) formulation employs the integral forms of the conservation principles of water mass, sediment mass, and pollutant mass in variable size discrete elements that span the flow region. The transport of the pollutant effluents are modeled as dissolved and adsorbed suspended sediment in the suspended sediment and slurry sediment layer and as dissolved and stationary resident sediment in the resident sediment layer.

The contributions of vertical variations of the velocity components and pollutant concentrations in the suspended sediment and slurry …

High Resolution Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Of Ozone Near 1129.4 Cm-1, Lawrence N. Majorana

Physics Theses & Dissertations

A Beer's Law experiment was performed with a tunable laser to determine self broadened line shape parameters of one infrared absorption ozone line in the v1 band for ten pressures from 0.26 to 6.29 Torr at 285K. SO₂ line positions were used for wavelength calibration. Line shapes were iteratively fitted to the Voigt function at a Doppler width of 29.54 MHz (HWHM) resulting in values for the integrated line• strength, ( S), of (0.144 +/- 0.007 ) x ·10^-20 cm-1/molecule cm-2, line center frequency, (υ_ο) of 1129.426 cm-1 and the Lorentzian contributions to half width, (α …

Sound Absorption In N2-H2O Gas Mixtures At Elevated Temperatures, Roger W. Meredith

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Sound absorption measurements were conducted in N₂ -H₂O gas mixtures at 297, 343, and 387 Kelvin to determine the location of the vibrational relaxation peak of nitrogen on the frequency/pressure, (f/P), axis as a function of humidity and temperature. At low humidities the best fit of the data is to a linear relationship between (f/P)_max and humidity (h) yields a slope of 1 .84 X 10⁴ Hz/ atm mole fraction at all three temperatures. The slope is the same as that reported by Zuckerwar and Griffin (2.00 X 10⁴ Hz/atm mole fraction) but is …

Magnetic Properties Of Iron Rich Calcium Silicate Glasses And Their Aluminium Composites, Sylvia Menassa

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of Fabric Filtration For The Removal Of Colloidal Turbidity From A Laboratory Water, David Brent Jansen

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A kaolin in tapwater suspension was treated either with alum or one of two cationic polymers. The resulting suspension was filtered through various configurations of felt cloth filters. The kaolin suspension was adjusted to 100 JTU. Treatment by polymer consistently lowered the filtered effluent to less than 1 JTU. Jar tests were utilized to determine optimum coagulant dose for the tests. The formulation of a complete filter cake in the filter appeared to be the determining factor in the efficiency of water clarification by the filter. The literature lacked references to this concept as applied to water supply problems. The …

Smada: Stormwater Management And Design Aid, Timothy M. Curran

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The Stormwater Management and Design Aid (SMADA) is a computer model formulated to assess stormwater runoff quantity and quality. Applicable theory is reviewed to introduce a discussion of the modeling methodology. A pre- vs. post-development design objective can be incorporated to evaluate runoff quantity and quality for single or multiple land use watershed. Detention and retention facilities are considered and conveyance systems for runoff transmission can be sized. Initial design assessments and consistent design review and evaluation are possible. SMADA is written in the BASIC language and is executed in the interactive mode. No computer cards are required and data …

Adjustable Low Frequency Servo Compensation Using Operational Amplifiers, Charles P. Partin

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This paper defines a variable transfer function that is used to compensate for low frequency structural resonances in a turret so that stabilization of a closed loop servo system can be achieved. Three circuits for implementing this compensation are presented. They are: the feedforward three amplifier biquad, the summing four amplifier biquad, and the single amplifier biquad with pole-zero cancellation. Design equations allowing the engineer to go directly from the given transfer function to the actual component values are developed for each circuit. A comparison of the final circuit designs is also presented.

A Real Time Microprocessor Based Digital Filter Implementation, Mark H. Shaver

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A major break-through in the real-time digital simulation of dynamic models has occurred with the introduction of the Intel 2920 digital signal processing chip. The problems and potentials for this new device are demonstrated by implementing an elliptic function digital low pass filter via the bilinear z-transform approach. The software implementation is presented. Debugging and software verification are accomplished via manufacturer's simulation software tools. The hardware performance is verified in the laboratory. The results of these efforts point to much promise for wide scale applications, however, problems associated with performance indicate early version chip problems.

Ceramic To Metal Bonding, Spencer A. Marrese

Master's Essays (1922 - )

Various theories for ceramic to metal bonding are discussed. Theories prior to the mid-1960's are categorized as either mechanical or chemical in nature with the main emphasis being a bibliography of articles on the topic which have been listed as appendices. Current theories are discussed as they relate to a Battelle Memorial Institute study conducted in the late 1950's. Major factors affecting the ceramic-metal interfacial region, as related to surface or firing changes, are reviewed from current research.

Chemical Treatment Of Urban Stormwater Runoff By Settling Column Studies, Paul R. Moore

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Lake Eola, in downtown Orlando, was the subject of extensive research to determine the impact of stormwater runoff to the lake and possible management alternatives. The focus of this research was stormwater treatment by chemical coagulation followed by detention. Phosphorus was the main parameter targeted for removal. Various chemical parameters were also evaluated included: TSS, VSS, NVSS, COD, TKN, NH3, TOC, TP, Ca, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Pb. The chemical coagulants used for this research included: alum, ferric chloride, and lime. The study involved settling column tests for the various treatment methods to determine stormwater …

Implementation And Documentation Of Oracls (Optimal Regulator Algorithm For The Control Of Linear Systems) Software Package, Bahram Parvizi

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research is to mount a software package entitled Optimal Regulator Algorithms for the Control of Linear Systems (ORACLS), on a Control Data Corporation (CDC) Cyber 74 digital computer system at Florida State University so that is can be operated from the University of Central Florida. The software package contains 60 subroutines which can be used for the analysis and design of state variable feedback control alws for time-invariant linear systems. The procedure for using this package is documented. Several examples are presented to illustrate the capability ORACLS in both digital and continuous linear-quadratic-gaussian (LQG) controller design …

Plant Layout Technique Analysis For The U.S. Postal Service General Mail Facility, Howard Stillwell

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The layout of the U.S. Postal Service General Mail Facility (GMF) workroom operation is an essential factor to the overall productivity of the mail processing activities. An efficient workroom layout will minimize the cost of transporting containerized mail between the various distribution operations. Any changes in distribution methods, increases or decreases in mail volumes, or the addition of mechanization must be analyzed by the GMF industrial engineer to determine what effect these changes have on the existing workroom layout. He must also be able to evaluate layout changes recommended by management and floor supervisors. The present methods available to the …

Optical Phase Modulation Utilizing Magnetoelastic Properties Of Metallic Glasses, Frank R. Trowbridge

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Three different optical fiber phase modulators utilizing the magnetostrictive properties of the metallic glass alloy Fe74Co10B16 were constructed. By binding the optical fiber to the magnetostrictive metallic glass, the strain imparted to the metallic glass from the magnetic field is transferred to the optical fiber. The strain on the optical fiber shifts the phase of the light, which can be controlled indirectly by varying the current producing the magnetic field permeating the metallic glass. The performance of the modulators on the basis of optical phase shift as a function of bias magnetic field and optical phase shift as a function …

A Cross Assembler For The M6800 Microprocessor, Donald J. Walsh

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This research paper describes a cross assembler for the Motorola 6800 assembly language which was written in Fortran to run on the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 11/34. The assembler provides an assembly listing on the CRT or Printer and an Object File. In addition, the assembler will check for errors during PASS 1 and also during PASS 2.

City Of Kissimmee Solid Waste Collection System, Larry W. Walter

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Every year the average American throws out more and more garbage. In the next five years, it is projected to increase 20-25 percent. This garbage, termed solid waste, is stored, collected, hauled and disposed of in some manner. The objective of this report has been to evaluate the City of Kissimmee's one-man residential solid waste collection system. The study results indicated this generation rate of the City to be 3.28 pounds per person per day, or 29.1 pounds per home per pickup. The productivity equations developed from the City data did not compare well with the results of EPA. Also …

Project Scheduling Under Constrained Resources, Mohammed Benameur

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This report examines the widely acceptable Heuristic and Exact procedures for solving the problem of project scheduling and control under constrained resources. Heuristic approaches are more practical, however they depend on the type of the project as well as the resources involved. Exact procedures are illustrated using an Integer Linear Programming formulation of the problem, and also solving it using the Branch and Bound Technique. Impracticality of the exact methods stews from the fact that the computations expand to an unmanageable amount.

The Effect Of Random Number Generators On Applications, Edwin G. Landauer

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Several pseudorandom number generators are described and compared on the basis of cost of generation and length of period of the sequences that are produced. The major statistical tests, which are used to obtain a measure of randomness for the different generators are discussed and compared. Four pseudorandom number generators are programmed in GPSS and are used to generate interarrival and service times for an M/M/1 queuing system. The results of each of the trials are compared to the theoretical results which can be obtained from queuing theory.

The Effects Of Plain Sedimentation On The Quality Of Urban Stormwater Runoff From The Lake Eola Watershed, Victor Julius Godlewski

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The settling characteristics of urban stormwater runoff emanating from the Lake Eola Watershed (Orlando, Florida) were evaluated through a series of 7 column studies. The percentage removal that occurred due to sedimentation was observed for various stormwater pollutants and constituents. These included the General Water Quality Parameters: Total Suspended Solids, Non-volatile Suspended Solids, Volatile Suspended Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen, Total Organic Carbon, and Total Phosphorus. The metals parameters: Zinc, Cadmium, Arsenic, Nickel, Copper, Magnesium, Iron, Lead, Chromium and Calcium were also considered. The results of the settling analysis indicates that the quality of Lake Eola …

Osmotic And Mean Activity Coefficients Of Libr And Lic In Methanol At 25, 35, And 45 Degrees C, Peggy Tomasula

Theses

Vapor pressure depression data of LiBr and LiCl in methanol at temperatures of 25,35, and 45°C were measured in the molality range 0.1-4.4m using a static method, where the difference in vapor pressure of the electrolytic solution is compared to that of pure methanol.

Osmotic coefficients were calculated from the vapor pressure data. This data was then correlated with both the one parameter Bromley equation and the three parameter Pitzer equation. For all systems at all temperatures, the data were better correlated by the Pitzer equation than with the Bromley equation. Mean activity coefficients of the two salts at the …

Computer Aided Design For Fet Circuits, Iyad Ahmad Natour

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Removal Of Sulfur Dioxide And Nitric Oxide From A Flue Gas Stream By Two Sodium Alkalis Of Various Sizes, John R. Carson

Masters Theses

The primary purpose of this research effort was to examine the dry removal of SO₂ and NO from a flue gas stream by injecting two sodium additives into a pilot bag house system. The additives tested were NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ dusts with mass mean diameters ranging from approximately 30 to 200 microns. The Na₂CO₃ was obtained by decomposing the NaHCO₃ (with heat) prior to testing. The bag house temperature was maintained at either 250 or 300 degrees F.

It was demonstrated that 70% SO₂ removal can be attained with NaHCO …

Bilin: A Bilinear Transformation Computer Program And Its Applications, John Dana Greer

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Given a transfer function for a differential equation model, an approach for obtaining a solution is by way of bilinear transformation. The bilinear transform approach is a numerical integration scheme which gives a discrete approximation to the differential equation solution. BILIN applies a series of polynomial transformations to the transfer function H(s). As a result, H(s) is mapped into the complex z plane obtaining the discrete transfer function H(z). From H(z), the difference equation is obtained whose solution y(nT) approximates the actual differential solution y(t). Hence, BILIN provides a means for obtaining discrete transfer functions for the design of digital …

Small Scale Hydropower-Appropriate Technology For Rural Development In Lesser Developed Countries, Stephen R. Harper

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Less Developed Countries (LDC's) now have a total of about 2.8 billion people, or approximately 70 percent of the total world population. World populations and current energy consumption are such that is all the world's countries came up to the U.S. per capita energy use, the world's consumption would multiply by a factor of seven. For the LDC's, energy development will be an increasingly important issue. Hydropower technology is on the shelf, and available now, of proven feasibility both technically and economically, and presents a sound and rational energy solution from the environmental viewpoint. It is a technology which could …

Evaluation Of Various Mass Transportation Alternatives For The University Of Central Florida Commuters, Jamal Niroumand-Rahimi

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This research evaluated various mass transportation alternatives for the commuting students, faculty and staff of the University of Central Florida (U.C.F.), located at Orlando. The alternatives considered in this research are bus service, van service / minibus service, vanpool, carpool, and bicycle and pedestrian modes. During the life-time of the University the private automobile has been the only prevalent mode of transportation used by the U.C.F. commuters. Opinion surveys conducted in the summer of 1979 indicated that the U.C.F. commuters are confronted with a number of transportation problems including lack of parking spaces on campus, traffic congestion on the access …

Multiprocessor/Multicomputer Systems And Optimal Loading Techniques, Francis D. Adams

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This report reviews the subject of multiprocessor/multicomputer systems and optimal loading techniques. This report covers: 1. The interrelationship of Multiprocessor/Multicomputer (Multiple Instruction Stream Multiple Data Stream, MIMD) systems and other architectures by presenting a categorization of computer architectures. 2. Comparison of Multiprocessor/Multicomputer (MIMD), versus Parallel Processor (Single Instruction stream Multiple Data stream, SIMD) systems. 3. Multiprocessor/Multicomputer problems, pitfalls and new goals. 4. Investigation of loading techniques by reviewing particular MIMD executive designs.

Impact Of Highway Bridge Runoff On Adjacent Receiving Water Bodies, James E. Christopher

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Two locations, Lake Ivanhoe and the Maitland interchange of Interstate 4, were selected to study the impact of bridge runoff on receiving water bodies. The Lake Ivanhoe location includes two similar bridges, one without scuppers and one with scuppers. The Maitland interchange site has several borr ponds which drain to Lake Lucien. Samples were collected from Lake Ivanhoe below the bridges and in the open lake away from the bridges. Also samples were collected from the east pond, west pond, and lake Lucien, at the Maitland interchange. Samples included water, sediments, plants and benthos to detect differences, if any, in …

Risk Analysis - An Economic Comparison Of Oil And Coal Power Plants, Mohammad M. Iranmanesh

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The demand for electric energy increases every year. However, due to recent changes in the U.S. energy supplies, a growing gas shortage forced suppliers to curtail deliveries of natural gas for power generation. Many utilities anticipating supply problems switched to burning more costly light distillate oil. Unfortunately the Arab boycott of 1973 and the following price increases for oil forced again utilities to seek a cheaper source of fuel, namely coal, as a substitute for oil. Even though the U.S. has abundant supply in coal, the use of coal in power generation was limited in the past because of a …