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Articles 7921 - 7950 of 13031
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Advanced Design Optimization Of Cold-Formed Steel Portal Frame Buildings, Duoc T. Phan, James B. P. Lim, Tiku T. Tanyimboh, Wei Sha
Advanced Design Optimization Of Cold-Formed Steel Portal Frame Buildings, Duoc T. Phan, James B. P. Lim, Tiku T. Tanyimboh, Wei Sha
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The design optimization of cold-formed steel portal frame buildings is considered in this paper. The objective function is based on the cost of the members for the main frame and secondary members (i.e., purlins, girts, and cladding for walls and roofs) per unit area on the plan of the building. A realcoded niching genetic algorithm is used to minimize the cost of the frame and secondary members that are designed on the basis of ultimate limit state. It is shown that the proposed algorithm shows effective and robust capacity in generating the optimal solution, owing to the population’s diversity being …
Using Generalized Beam Theory (Gbt) To Assess The Buckling Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Systems, Cilmar Basaglia, Dinar Camotim
Using Generalized Beam Theory (Gbt) To Assess The Buckling Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Systems, Cilmar Basaglia, Dinar Camotim
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper deals with the application of beam finite element models based on Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) to analyze the buckling behavior of three cold-formed steel structural systems, namely (i) beams belonging to storage rack systems, (ii) portal frames built from rectangular hollow section (RHS) profiles and (iii) roof-supporting trusses, exhibiting different support conditions and subjected to various loadings. In particular, taking advantage of the GBT unique and structurally clarifying modal features, it is possible to assess how different geometries and/or bracing arrangements affect (improve) the local, distortional and/or global buckling behavior of the above structural systems. The accuracy of …
Investigation Of Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Sheeting Systems In Fire Using Finite Element Modeling, W. Lu, P. Mäkeläinen, J. Outinen, Z. Ma
Investigation Of Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Sheeting Systems In Fire Using Finite Element Modeling, W. Lu, P. Mäkeläinen, J. Outinen, Z. Ma
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
A 3D Finite Element (FE) model of steel sheeting, which includes the screw connector and support plate, is created to investigate the behavior of both steel sheeting and connections at elevated temperatures. The created model considers the material nonlinearity, large deformation and contact behavior. The material damage model for sheeting steel is defined so that the FE model is analyzed through the elastic and plastic ranges up to failure. The FE model is used to predict the ultimate resistance and deformation. The current FE model captures the main behavior of steel roof systems well up to around 20 minutes according …
Active Shear Planes In Block Shear Failure Of Bolted Connections, Drew D. A. Clements, Lip H. Teh
Active Shear Planes In Block Shear Failure Of Bolted Connections, Drew D. A. Clements, Lip H. Teh
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
In the AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members 2007, there are two types of shear planes used to determine the resistance of a bolted connection to block shear failure. When the block shear failure occurs by shear yielding and tensile rupture, the shear failure plane is taken to be the gross shear plane. Conversely, when the block shear failure is deemed to occur by simultaneous shear and tensile ruptures, the shear failure plane is assumed to be the net shear plane. Such an approach is not logical since the shear failure planes should be unique irrespective …
In-Plane Shear Lag Of Bolted Connections, Lip H. Teh, Benoit P. Gilbert
In-Plane Shear Lag Of Bolted Connections, Lip H. Teh, Benoit P. Gilbert
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper points out that the shear lag factors embedded in the design equations specified in the North American, European and Australasian cold-formed steel structures codes for determining the net section tension capacity of bolted connections in flat steel sheets either yield “anomalous” results or become irrelevant when they exceed unity. The anomaly is demonstrated through laboratory tests and is explained using simple calculus. A proper mathematical expression for the in-plane shear lag factor, which does not suffer from the anomaly of the code equations and never implies shear lag factors greater than unity for any configuration, is presented and …
Prediction Of Joint Temperatures In Shot-Nailed Cold-Formed Steel Sheeting With Finite Element Modelling, Z. Ma, W. Lu, P. Mäkeläinen, J. Outinen
Prediction Of Joint Temperatures In Shot-Nailed Cold-Formed Steel Sheeting With Finite Element Modelling, Z. Ma, W. Lu, P. Mäkeläinen, J. Outinen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper investigates the 3D temperature fields of the shot-nailed steel roof sheeting joints in fire using commercial Finite Element (FE) software ABAQUS when the connected members and connections are protected by either intumescent paint or rockwool panels. Numerical models and parameters used in the models are briefly introduced. When expanded in fire, both thickness and thermal conductivity are varied with increased temperatures. The simplified representation of intumescent paint is described. Parametric analyses are performed in order to investigate the sensitivity of the parameters of thermal contacts. When the joints are protected with rockwool panels, the approximate cavity radiation method …
Modal Identification Of Cold-Formed Steel Members In Shell Finite Element Models, Z. Li, S. Ádány, B. W. Schafer
Modal Identification Of Cold-Formed Steel Members In Shell Finite Element Models, Z. Li, S. Ádány, B. W. Schafer
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper illustrates new capabilities for modal identification of shell Finite Element Method (FEM) models of thin-walled cold-formed steel members. The separation of general deformations into fundamental buckling deformation classes: local, distortional, global, shear, and transverse extension, originated with the constrained Finite Strip Method (cFSM) and is extended here to shell element based FEM analysis. The cFSM base vectors for general end boundary conditions, previously developed by the authors, provide a series of general base functions capable of separating displacements into classes. FEM displacements are identified by minimizing error between the actual FEM displacements and those predicted by the cFSM …
Analytical Model For Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall With Steel Sheet Sheathing, Noritsugu Yanagi, Cheng Yu
Analytical Model For Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall With Steel Sheet Sheathing, Noritsugu Yanagi, Cheng Yu
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The cold-formed steel framed shear wall sheathed with steel sheet sheathing (CFS-SSSW) is a code approved lateral force resisting system for light framed construction. The AISI Steel Framing Standards – Lateral Design (AISI S213-07) provides design provisions for CFS-SSSW. The development of the nominal strength of CFS-SSSW in AISI S213 was based on full-scale experiments which were subjected to limitations in both wall configurations and material properties. This paper presents an analytical model – the Effective Strip Model developed for predicting the nominal strength of CFS-SSSWs. The proposed analytical model and supporting design equations are further verified by experimental results. …
Pumping Systems With Variable Reference Head: The Non-Visualized Problems, Boris Rodriguez C., Astrid Pérezo O., José Manuel Adriasola V.
Pumping Systems With Variable Reference Head: The Non-Visualized Problems, Boris Rodriguez C., Astrid Pérezo O., José Manuel Adriasola V.
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: In several industries, like the mining business, it is very common to observe high head pumping systems, which transport water to more than one discharge point. These discharge points could have, in some cases, variable discharge pressures and, furthermore, could be utilized as water sources (a water reservoir, for example) for other facilities using the same pipes that feed them (flow in double direction). Because of this particular design, the pumping systems can have different Total Dynamic Head (TDH) depending on the water level in the reservoir(s), resulting in a complication for the design and operation of the pumping …
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 2, Francois Rulot, Riley Olsen, Gonzalo Duró
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 2, Francois Rulot, Riley Olsen, Gonzalo Duró
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
No abstract provided.
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 3, Maria Trujillo, Bryan Heiner, Francois Rulot
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 3, Maria Trujillo, Bryan Heiner, Francois Rulot
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
No abstract provided.
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 6, Boris Rodriguez, Josh Mortensen, Riley Olsen, Nathan Christensen, Mitch Dabling, Gonzalo Duró
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 6, Boris Rodriguez, Josh Mortensen, Riley Olsen, Nathan Christensen, Mitch Dabling, Gonzalo Duró
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
No abstract provided.
Water Level Sensors, What Works?, Bryan J. Heiner, Thomas W. Gill
Water Level Sensors, What Works?, Bryan J. Heiner, Thomas W. Gill
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: Water level sensors come in all shapes, sizes, and types and can range in price from a couple hundred to several thousand US dollars. This project utilizes real world examples from around the western United States to determine what level sensors work well and to document what characteristics may prevent them from providing accurate water level measurements in differing climates. Researchers have developed a calibration procedure that can be used in field or laboratory situations to obtain accurate calibrations of multiple types of water level sensors. Sensors that have been calibrated and installed are being monitored to determine their …
The Effect Of Boulder Spacing On Flow Patterns Around Boulders Under Partial Submergence, Iordanis Moustakidis, Athanasios Papanicolaou, Achilleas Tsakiris
The Effect Of Boulder Spacing On Flow Patterns Around Boulders Under Partial Submergence, Iordanis Moustakidis, Athanasios Papanicolaou, Achilleas Tsakiris
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: This study focuses on documenting the influence of boulder spacing on flow patterns within an array of boulders in mountain streams. Boulder arrays modify the flow structures in their vicinity, which in turn regulate the depositional patterns. However, a critical literature review reveals that the effects of boulder spacing on flow have been overlooked. Herein, we hypothesize that the developing flow structures around boulders are controlled by the boulder spacing. The objective of this study is to map the surface flow structures around partially submerged boulders for two different boulder spacing scenarios: (1) λ/dc = 6 and (2) …
Dealing With Sedimental Transport Over Partly Non-Erodible Bottoms, François Rulot, Benjamin Dewals, Pierre Archambeau, Michael Pirotton, Sébastien Erpicum Hece
Dealing With Sedimental Transport Over Partly Non-Erodible Bottoms, François Rulot, Benjamin Dewals, Pierre Archambeau, Michael Pirotton, Sébastien Erpicum Hece
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: In depth-averaged flow and morphodynamic models using a finite volume discretization based on explicit time integration, a specific difficulty can arise during a computation: the computed sediment level can become lower than the level of a non-erodible bottom. The original developments presented in this paper enable correction of the non-physical sediment levels. The method, based on iterative limitation of the outward fluxes, is perfectly mass conservative and remains computationally efficient. The resulting model has been validated with several 1D benchmarks leading to configurations with sediment transport over a nonerodible bottom. Two interesting experimental benchmarks are highlighted in this paper …
Using Particle Image Velocimetry (Piv) System In Fish Passage Through Rehabilitated Culverts, Mohanad Khodier, Blake P. Tullis
Using Particle Image Velocimetry (Piv) System In Fish Passage Through Rehabilitated Culverts, Mohanad Khodier, Blake P. Tullis
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used to investigate fish passage behaviour through a circular, 0.61-m diameter pipe with evenly spaced baffles along the invert. A section of the pipe wall between two adjacent baffles was replaced with a transparent window (Lexan) and a water box placed outside of the pipe to create a tested section. The test was conducted for different pipe slopes 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5%. For each slope, the pipe was tested for different flow rates 28.3, 56.6, and 85 l/s. Also, the PIV was used to produce the velocity vector field by post-processing …
Conference Proceedings, Blake Tullis, Robert Jansson
Conference Proceedings, Blake Tullis, Robert Jansson
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
No abstract provided.
Measurement Of Turbulence In Pressurized Pipe Flow Using Particle Image Velocimetry, Josh Mortensen
Measurement Of Turbulence In Pressurized Pipe Flow Using Particle Image Velocimetry, Josh Mortensen
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
Abstract: Invasive mussel species can cause problems at a variety of water resource facilities by colonizing within piping systems, significantly reducing flow capacity. Exposing mussels to intense turbulence as they enter the system may be effective in reducing mussel settlement downstream. To quantify turbulence in a pressurized pipe, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were made downstream of a newly developed pipe fitting designed to generate intense turbulence for mussel control. Two-dimensional (2D) velocity data were collected throughout the pipe profile at various distances downstream of the fitting and were analyzed to quantify hydrodynamic properties of the turbulent flow including dissipation …
Mean Velocity Effect In Bio-Fouled Pipes, Maria Ximena Trujillo, Juan Saldarriaga
Mean Velocity Effect In Bio-Fouled Pipes, Maria Ximena Trujillo, Juan Saldarriaga
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: The hydraulic resistance of pipes with biofilm surface coatings can be difficult to predict based on smooth-wall pipe theory. The impacts of biofilm growth in distribution networks and the influence of mean velocity in their development were studied in a recirculation model system at the Hydraulic Laboratory of Universidad de los Andes, using as nutrient a grass specie called “kikuyu” (s.p. Pennicetum clandestine), which is common in raw water sources of Bogotá, Colombia. Water flowed constantly through the system during 150 days, and biofilm measurements were taken from monitors installed on the pipe’s wall. Bio-fouling was observed for various …
Heat Exchanger System Piping Design For A Tube Rupture Event, Fadi Antoine Wakim, Pinar Cakir Kavcar, Mustafa Samad
Heat Exchanger System Piping Design For A Tube Rupture Event, Fadi Antoine Wakim, Pinar Cakir Kavcar, Mustafa Samad
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: Tube-rupture events in shell and tube heat exchangers can result in significantly high surge pressures. Steady state and dynamic methods can be used to assess the impacts of these events on heat exchanger system piping networks. This paper presents the findings of a set of dynamic surge simulations on the impacts of tube-rupture events in a Propane-Feed Gas Heat Exchanger System. Once adjacent piping design is considered, the Joukowsky formulation-based method is not always appropriate to estimate tube-rupture surge impacts. Dynamic simulations need to be conducted to assess the tube-rupture impact on piping systems due to the surge wave …
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 4, Gonzalo Duró, Mitch Dabling, Josh Mortensen, Boris Rodriguez, Fadi Wakim
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 4, Gonzalo Duró, Mitch Dabling, Josh Mortensen, Boris Rodriguez, Fadi Wakim
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
No abstract provided.
Hazards At Low-Head Dams, Riley J. Olsen, Michael C. Johnson
Hazards At Low-Head Dams, Riley J. Olsen, Michael C. Johnson
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: Low-head dams are small structures that are built for many purposes, the most common being to impound small amounts of water for various uses. At certain flow conditions, a dangerous countercurrent, known as a roller, can form downstream of a low-head dam. This current possesses an upstream directed surface velocity that can effectively trap debris, as well as unsuspecting humans, at the downstream side of the dam. It is this current that is responsible for the deaths of many individuals that have ventured too close to these structures over the years. It is the objective of this study to …
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 1, Adam Witt, Fadi Wakim, Nathan Christensen
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 1, Adam Witt, Fadi Wakim, Nathan Christensen
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
No abstract provided.
Staged And Notched Labyrinth Weir Hydraulics, Mitchell R. Dabling, Brian M. Crookston
Staged And Notched Labyrinth Weir Hydraulics, Mitchell R. Dabling, Brian M. Crookston
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: Replacement spillways are frequently required to pass revised and larger design storm events. Generally matching the outflow hydrograph of the existing spillway is also a common design requirement. Labyrinth spillways can increase spillway discharge capacity. Staged and notched sections of crest have been used in design to satisfy discharge hydrograph requirements. However, inadequate hydraulic design information is available specific to staged and notched labyrinth weirs. In this study, the flow characteristics of multiple staged and notched labyrinth weir configurations (laboratory-scale) were tested. Head-discharge relationships were evaluated experimentally and compared with computed results using superposition (predicting the discharge over the …
Cavitation In Hydraulic Structures-Bridging The Gap Between The Laboratory And The Real World, K. Warren Frizell
Cavitation In Hydraulic Structures-Bridging The Gap Between The Laboratory And The Real World, K. Warren Frizell
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: Recollections of a thirty-five-year career at the hydraulic laboratory of the Bureau of Reclamation are presented within the context of using all the tools at your disposal to reach the best possible answer to your research questions. Cavitation in hydraulic structures will be the main topic used to illustrate this premise, using historic examples and current research to demonstrate study approaches, testing techniques, and applied solutions to real world problems.
Physical Modeling And Cfd Comparison: Case Study Of A Hydro-Combined Power Station In Spillway Mode, Gonzalo Duró, Mariano De Dios, Alfredo López, Sergio O. Liscia
Physical Modeling And Cfd Comparison: Case Study Of A Hydro-Combined Power Station In Spillway Mode, Gonzalo Duró, Mariano De Dios, Alfredo López, Sergio O. Liscia
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
ABSTRACT: This study presents comparisons between the results of a commercial CFD code and physical model measurements. The case study is a hydro-combined power station operating in spillway mode for a given scenario. Two turbulence models and two scales are implemented to identify the capabilities and limitations of each approach and to determine the selection criteria for CFD modeling for this kind of structure. The main flow characteristics are considered for analysis, but the focus is on a fluctuating frequency phenomenon for accurate quantitative comparisons. Acceptable representations of the general hydraulic functioning are found in all approaches, according to physical …
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 5, Mohanad Khodier, Adam Witt, Maria Trujillo, Iordanis Moustakidis, Francois Rulot
International Junior Researcher And Engineer Workshop On Hydraulic Structures Session 5, Mohanad Khodier, Adam Witt, Maria Trujillo, Iordanis Moustakidis, Francois Rulot
International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures
No abstract provided.
Digital Evidence Education In Schools Of Law, Aaron Alva, Barbara Endicott-Popovsky
Digital Evidence Education In Schools Of Law, Aaron Alva, Barbara Endicott-Popovsky
Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law
An examination of State of Connecticut v. Julie Amero provides insight into how a general lack of understanding of digital evidence can cause an innocent defendant to be wrongfully convicted. By contrast, the 101-page opinion in Lorraine v. Markel American Insurance Co. provides legal precedence and a detailed consideration for the admission of digital evidence. An analysis of both cases leads the authors to recommend additions to Law School curricula designed to raise the awareness of the legal community to ensure such travesties of justice, as in the Amero case, don’t occur in the future. Work underway at the University …
A Case Study Of The Challenges Of Cyber Forensics Analysis Of Digital Evidence In A Child Pornography Trial, Richard Boddington
A Case Study Of The Challenges Of Cyber Forensics Analysis Of Digital Evidence In A Child Pornography Trial, Richard Boddington
Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law
Perfunctory case analysis, lack of evidence validation, and an inability or unwillingness to present understandable analysis reports adversely affect the outcome course of legal trials reliant on digital evidence. These issues have serious consequences for defendants facing heavy penalties or imprisonment yet expect their defence counsel to have clear understanding of the evidence. Poorly reasoned, validated and presented digital evidence can result in conviction of the innocent as well as acquittal of the guilty. A possession of child pornography Case Study highlights the issues that appear to plague case analysis and presentation of digital evidence relied on in these odious …
After Five Years Of E-Discovery Missteps: Sanctions Or Safe Harbor?, Milton Luoma, Vicki Luoma
After Five Years Of E-Discovery Missteps: Sanctions Or Safe Harbor?, Milton Luoma, Vicki Luoma
Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law
In 2003 the Zubulake case became the catalyst of change in the world of e-discovery. In that case Judge Shira Scheindlin of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York set guidelines for e-discovery that served as the basis for amending the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) in December 2006. The amendments incorporated a number of concepts that were described by Judge Scheindlin in the Zubulake case. ( Zubulake v. UBS Warburg LLC, 2003) Since the Zubulake case and the FRCP amendments, numerous cases have interpreted these rules changes, but one of the main points …