Engineering Commons^™

A New Facility For The Experimental Investigation On Nano Heat Transfer Between Gas Molecules And Ceramic Surfaces, D. Bayer, U. Gross, K. Raed

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

Since the last decade, the interest has risen in nanoscaled technological products, which have advantages through their size effect. The size effect also plays a significant role in the area of micro- and nanoscale heat transfers. Many applications were developed using this effect, such as nanostructured porous media, e.g. Aerogels or ceramics. This experimental work is focused on the determination of thermal accommodation coefficients (TAC) on ceramic surfaces considering several influencing factors. TAC is influenced by temperature, kind of gas, kind of wall material, roughness, and contamination with adsorbed gas layers. To determine TAC, a parallel plate apparatus is used, …

Heat Transfer Mechanisms In Porous Materials And Contemporary Problems In Thermophysical Properties Investigations: Analyses And Solutions, E. Litovsky, V. Issoupov, J. Kleiman

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

This article is an overview of the topical problems in the investigation of thermophysical properties and the development of a database for porous materials. Determination of both apparent/measured and true thermophysical properties is discussed taking into account combined heat and mass transfer, latent heat effects during chemical and physical transformations, as well as structural changes. The approaches to the solution of these problems are demonstrated for a number of different classes of materials:

1. Industrial refractories, ceramics, highly porous insulation;
2. Moist materials and materials undergoing phase, chemical and structural transformations;
3. Materials semitransparent for heat radiation.

The approaches being used in the …

On The Development Of The Hot Strip, Hot Disc, And Pulse Hot Strip Methods For Measuring Thermal Transport Properties, Silas E. Gustafsson

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

This review is focused on the development of experimental methods for measuring thermal transport properties. Special emphasis is given to plane probes, which are used both as heat sources and as temperature recording devices. With such probes it is under certain conditions possible to determine both the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity from a single transient recording. The conditions which must be fulfilled in an experiment are introduced by the use of the concept of a thermal probing depth, and from which the time window of observations can be defined. The ultimate goal of the dual determination of the …

Designing A Mechanically Robust Thermoelectric Module For High Temperature Application, Amirkoushyar Ziabari, Kazuaki Yazawa, Ali Shakouri

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

We report a numerical study on the impacts of variations in the geometry, boundary conditions, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials on the maximum shearing stress in thermoelectric power generator module (TEM) for high temperature applications. The maximum shearing stress in the TEM is evaluated for different designs focusing on their dependency on the fill factor. Although predictions by the previously developed analytical modeling are in partial agreement with numerical results, simplifying assumptions for the analytical model can limit the range of validity. Our numerical analysis shows that reduction of the fill factor alone under all the …

Simulation And Analysis Of An Integrated Device To Simultaneously Characterize Thermal And Thermoelectric Properties, Collier Miers, Amy Marconnet

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

For many applications, multiple material properties impact device performance and characterization of multiple properties using a single sample is desirable. In this article, the authors focus on thermoelectric materials characterization, which requires the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient to be quantified. Specifically, the authors present a design analysis using numerical COMSOL simulations of the 3w technique to optimize a measurement structure for thermoelectric films while also including the capability for electrical measurements to be performed on the same sample without detachment or repositioning. Thermal optimization of the structure is achieved through investigation of temperature spatial uniformity, the …

Role Of Thermal Conductivity For Thermoelectrics With Finite Contacts, Yee Rui Koh, Kazuaki Yazawa, Ali Shakouri

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

The role of thermal conductivity in the performance of thermoelectric (TE) devices as compared to other material properties such as Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity will be discussed. A TE energy conversion system that includes thermal contacts for the hot side and the cold side with finite heat transfer performances is considered. Some of the trends in electronics cooling applications have been described. In this article, the effect of material properties as a function of energy current flow direction will be focused.

TEs have an advantage as solid-state heat energy conversion devices especially for applications with spatial constraints. A …

Comparative Testing Of Thermal Conductivity For Thermal Insulation Products: The European Keymark Experience For More Than 50 Equipment At 25 Test Institutes, Erik Rasmussen, Clark Stacey, Alain Koenen, Eva-Lotta W. Kurkinen

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

This article describes comparative testing of thermal conductivity on a range of thermal insulation products used in the construction of buildings. This testing was arranged by the CEN Keymark scheme for voluntary certification of insulation within Europe, and measurements have been performed using over 50 instruments in more than 25 registered laboratories.

The uniformity of the material and a unique thermal conductivity value for each set of test specimens that were used in the comparison have been established according to the Keymark scheme rules, which were developed by experts from the most respected European laboratories. These experts include most of …

Determination Of The Thermal Resistance Of Pipe Insulation Material From Thermal Conductivity Of Flat Insulation Products, Alain Koenen, Damien M. Marquis

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

New European product standards now include a mandatory requirement for manufacturers to declare the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity for each insulation used in building equipments and industrial installations. For pipe insulation systems, the measurement is usually performed by a standard pipe test method, in which the value on a large temperature range is integrated to reduce temperature range and improve temperature measurement control. The alternative proposed in this article consists in determining the thermal conductivity of a pipe insulation system from the results measured on a flat slab specimen. The protocol used in this study consists in collecting the thermal conductivity …

Flexible Buffer Materials To Reduce Contact Resistance In Thermal Insulation Measurements, R. E. Clarke, G. Rosengarten, B. Shabani

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

Thermal insulation test methods approach their lower limits as thermal resistance falls below 0.1 m²⋅K/W. This is the minimum value specified in ASTM C 518 (ASTM International, 2010b) while ASTM C 177 (ASTM International, 2010a) proposes about 0.06 m²⋅K/W. Nevertheless these are the test methods, along with their ISO equivalents, required by Australasian building codes and directed at many products and materials with thermal resistance on the low side of 0.1 m²⋅K/W. Alternatives, such as ASTM E 1530 (ASTM International, 2011), cover much lower resistances but require carefully prepared small specimens and very-high contact …

Bilateral National Metrology Institute Comparison Of Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus, Alain Koenen, Robert R. Zarr, William F. Guthrie

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

Two national metrology institutes have conducted an international interlaboratory comparison on thermal conductivity for two thermal insulation reference materials. The Laboratoire national de métrologie et d’essais (LNE), France, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States, present measurements obtained by the guarded-hot-plate method. The study involved two materials: expanded polystyrene board (EPS) and fibrous glass board (FGB). The EPS was provided by the LNE and is issued as a transfer specimen; the FGB provided by NIST was issued as Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1450c. For each reference material, the study was based on four independent measurements at …

Plenary Talks, General Sessions, And Session Chairs, Timothy S. Fisher, Amy Marconnet

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

No abstract provided.

In Memoriam, Timothy S. Fisher, Amy Marconnet

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

No abstract provided.

Foreword, Timothy S. Fisher, Amy Marconnet

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Timothy S. Fisher, Amy Marconnet

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

No abstract provided.

Microstructure And Thermal Conductivity Modeling Of Granular Nanoplatelet Assemblies, Ishan Srivastava, Timothy S. Fisher

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

Consolidation and sintering of bismuth telluride nanoplatelets is a cost-effective method of manufacturing high thermoelectric figure-of-merit materials. A structural optimization method is employed here to study the effects of columnar structures formed by nanoplatelet composites on thermal transport. The initially sparse and random distribution of nanoplatelets is compacted into a jammed state under an external hydrostatic stress, thereby simulating the compaction of nanopowders in experiments. The jammed morphology exhibits randomly oriented stacks of nanoplatelets and a discontinuous distribution of the pore phase within the microstructure. Grain and pore morphologies are statistically quantified using computational geometry techniques. High aspect ratio nanoplatelets …

Metal Hydride Component Design (Mhy-Code) Tool For The Selection Of Hydrides In Thermal Systems, Essene L. Waters, Timothée L. Pourpoint, Tyler G. Voskuilen

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

A system has been developed to enable the targeted down-selection of an extensive database of metal hydrides to identify the most promising materials for use in thermal systems. The materials’ database contains over 300 metal hydrides with various physical and thermodynamic properties included for each material. Submodels for equilibrium pressure, thermophysical data, and default properties are used to predict the behavior of each material within the given system. The application used at this time is a stationary combined heat and power system containing a hightemperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, a hot water tank, and two metal hydride beds …

Characterization Work And Comparative Testing Of Expanded Glass Granulate As A Round Robin Material For Thermal Conductivity At Higher Temperatures, Roland Schreiner, Ernst-G. Hencke

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

For laboratories within the scheme of the voluntary surveillance system for technical insulation materials in Europe (VDI/Keymark), a proficiency test is the basis for obtaining a “registered laboratory.” The VDI/Keymark is a cooperation between the VDI, The Association of German Engineers, and the Keymark Group dealing with European voluntary product certification systems, within the scope of thermal insulation materials. Registered laboratories are allowed to conduct measurements to verify the declared thermal conductivity curve of technical insulation materials under the umbrella of the quality mark “VDI/Keymark”. The initial characterization work on a round robin material for the determination of thermal conductivity …

Thermal Conductivity Of Simulated Soils By The Needle Probe Method For Energy Foundation Applications, J. E. Low, F. A. Loveridge, W. Powrie

International Thermal Conductivity Conference (ITCC) and the International Thermal Expansion Symposium (ITES)

Soil thermal conductivity is an important parameter in the design of ground source heat pump and energy foundation systems. A laboratory method for measuring the soil thermal conductivity is the needle probe method. Earlier, analysis of the needle probe test data has been simplistic, relying heavily on human judgment and rules of thumb. This article presents an alternative method of analyzing the needle probe data with the aid of MATLAB, which is a technical programming language and computing environment. Four agar–kaolin specimens of varying densities were prepared to resemble simple soils. These were tested using the needle probe for a …

Initial Validation Of A Novel Method Of Presurgical Language Localization Through Functional Connectivity (Fcmri), Stephanie M. Noble, Dustin Scheinost, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Patricia Walshaw, R Todd Constable, Christopher F. Benjamin

Yale Day of Data

OBJECTIVE: Neurosurgery is potentially curative in chronic epilepsy but can only be offered to patients if the surgical risk to language is known. Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an ideal, noninvasive method for localizing language cortex yet remains to be validated for this purpose. We have recently presented a novel method for localizing language cortex. Here we present a preliminary evaluation of this method’s validity. We hypothesized language regions identified using this novel method would demonstrate stronger functional connectivity than randomly generated set of proximal networks. METHOD: fMRI data were collected from sixteen temporal lobe patients …

Network Analysis Of The Sardex Community Currency, Georgios Iosifidis, Yanick Charette, Giuseppe Littera, Leandros Tassiulas, Nicholas Christakis

Yale Day of Data

We present a transaction dataset and preliminary analysis results about Sardex, a complementary currency (CC) in Sardinia, Italy. Sardex is currently considered one of the most successful CCs in Europe, as it grows continuously in terms of transactions’ volume and membership, and has been already replicated in 8 other regions in Italy. We model Sardex as a transaction network and study its basic properties.

A Machine Learning Approach To Post-Market Surveillance Of Medical Devices, Jonathan Bates, Shu-Xia Li, Craig Parzynski, Ronald Coifman, Harlan Krumholz, Joseph Ross

Yale Day of Data

Post-market surveillance is a collection of processes and activities used by product manufacturers and regulators, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to monitor the safety and effectiveness of medical devices once they are available for use “on the market”. These activities are designed to generate information to identify poorly performing devices and other safety problems, accurately characterize real-world device performance and clinical outcomes, and facilitate the development of new devices, or new uses for existing devices. Typically, a device is monitored by comparing adverse events in the exposed population to a matched unexposed population. This research considers …

Molexpl: A Tool For Ab Initio Data Exploration And Visualization, Xueying Wang, Nicolas Onofrio, Alejandro Strachan

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Density functional theory (DFT) based on ab initio theory, is a powerful method to resolve the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids. However, in practical, DFT is limited to few hundreds of atoms. To overcome this limitation, researchers have developed empirical interatomic potentials implemented in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD ignores the movements of electrons and describes bonding and non-bonding interaction as a function of the distance between atoms called force fields (FF) or interatomic potentials. These empirical potentials are optimized against large datasets of DFT calculations relevant to describe the interactions between the atoms included in the training …

Vessel Tracking Using Automatic Identification System Data In The Arctic, Torkild Eriksen, Øystein Olsen

ShipArc 2015 Conference

No abstract provided.

Medium-Range Forecast Of The Arctic Sea-Ice Cover Using The Satellite Observation Data, Kimura Noriaki

ShipArc 2015 Conference

No abstract provided.

Use Of Satellite Sar Observations Integrated In Arctic Maritime Situational Awareness, Hans Eilif Larsen

ShipArc 2015 Conference

No abstract provided.

An Implantable Device To Regulate Urination Through Deep Brain Stimulation, Jesse E. Bucksot, Muhammad A. Arafat, Pedro Irazoqui

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Urinary Incontinence (UI) is a disease in which patients lose control of their bladder. It is particularly common in elderly women having a prevalence of as much as 30% to 50% [1]. Many of these patients are left without successful treatment. A recent study has shown a new option for treatment that consists of deep brain stimulation (DBS) at a site known as the periaqueductal gray (PAG) [2, 3]. To test the effectiveness of this treatment, chronic stimulation of the PAG should be used in animals to see if it can reliably prevent micturition in the long term. A device …

Grain Boundary Migration Of Nio-Mgo Alloys, Xin Li Phuah, David Lowing, John Blendell

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Grain boundary engineering offers enhanced control of microstructure development during processing, leading to improved final material properties. However, using the effects of the interfacial energy anisotropy on grain boundary mobility to control microstructure development is not well understood. The NiO-MgO system is studied as it has complete solid solubility and a transition in the faceting behavior with composition due to changes in the interfacial energy anisotropy. NiO-MgO powders were produced through the amorphous citrate process and modifications to the process were made to reduce particle and agglomerate size. The powders were pressed and sintered in various conditions to produce fine …

Simulating Low-Frequency Sonic Pulsations To Achieve Thrombolysis, Joseph C. Muskat, Matthew C. Pharris, Charles F. Babbs

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Cardiovascular thrombosis may result in critical ischemia to a range of anatomical regions, constituting a leading cause of death in the United States. Current invasive treatments for such arterial blockages often yield blood clot recurrence, resulting in repeated hospitalization of patients. This research aims to show how internally introduced pressure oscillations may be used to initiate thrombolysis. We present a novel computational model for determining the resonant frequency and corresponding deformation of an idealized thrombus. Sinusoidal pressure differences across the thrombus induce axial displacements of frequency dependent amplitude. The maximum peak displacement occurs at a resonant frequency of 73 Hz …

Synthesis And Characterization Of 2d Atomic Layers, Adam Charnas, Gang Qiu, Peide Ye

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

As electronic devices have continued to become smaller, a pressing need has developed for new technologies in order to surpass current size constraints. As such, 2-dimensional materials have become a topic of great interest in experimental device research. Monolayer black phosphorus, or phosphorene, is one such 2D material which shows significant potential as a p-type semiconductor. Phosphorene exhibits a number of unique and desirable electrical properties such as a layer-dependent band gap, high carrier mobility, and anisotropic conductivity. An investigation into optimal growth of black phosphorus, the precursor material to phosphorene, as well as characterization of phosphorene-based devices will be …

Securemems: Selective Deposition Of Energetic Materials, Trevor J. Fleck, Josiah R. Thomas, Lillian F. Miles, Allison K. Murray, Zane A. Roberts, Raghav Ramachandran, I Emre Gunduz, Steven F. Son, George T. Chiu, Jeffrey F. Rhoads

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

There exists a pressing operational need to secure and control access to high-valued electromechanical systems, and in some cases render them inoperable. Developing a reliable method for depositing energetic materials will allow for the near-seamless integration of electromechanical systems and energetic material, and, in turn, provide the pathway for security and selective destruction that is needed. In this work, piezoelectric inkjet printing was used to selectively deposit energetic materials. Nanothermites, comprising of nanoscale aluminum and nanoscale copper oxide suspended in dimethyl-formamide (DMF), were printed onto silicon wafers, which enabled both thermal and thrust measurements of the decomposing energetic material. Various …