Engineering Commons^™

Module 2: Solar Powered Cricket Lab & Engineering Guest Speaker, Lindsay Snowden

ENgaging Educators in Renewable enerGY (ENERGY): Lesson Plans & Slideshows (2017-2019)

Students will participate in a Solar Panel Cricket lab to determine which environmental condition would allow for the solar panel to produce the most power. The three conditions are inside, inside with a flashlight, or outside in the sun. The students will complete a correlating lab worksheet. Students will also ask questions and hold discussions with the guest speaker. Students will actively participate while the guest speaker is presenting.

Power House Sustainable Energy Education, Rachael Grillo, Molly Hopper, Laura Mills

ENgaging Educators in Renewable enerGY (ENERGY): Lesson Plans & Slideshows (2017-2019)

No abstract provided.

Renewable Energy, Keith Bazemore

ENgaging Educators in Renewable enerGY (ENERGY): Lesson Plans & Slideshows (2017-2019)

Lesson Plan for Renewable Energy- Environmental Science.

Nsf Energy - Pico-Grid Smart Homes Power Management System, Aaron Specht, Shaina Neal

ENgaging Educators in Renewable enerGY (ENERGY): Lesson Plans & Slideshows (2017-2019)

No abstract provided.

Solar Energy R & D Project: Teachers Incorporating Stem- Modules To Yield An Energy Literate Generation, Tricia Kirkland, Lindsay Snowden

ENgaging Educators in Renewable enerGY (ENERGY): Lesson Plans & Slideshows (2017-2019)

Background- Photovoltaic (PV) cells produce the largest amount of electricity when they are directly facing the sun. Solar panels that use tracking systems to position the panel to constantly face the sun have the greatest efficiency. But, these systems are expensive.

Aim- Design a dual axis tracking solar panel with microcontroller and sensors (light, humidity, temperature, and compass) that are both cost effective and efficient. Sensors will be used to determine performance depending on environmental factors.

Ethics Statement: Researchers will keep honest, clear, and accurate records when collecting all data in lab and communication of information learned.

Wind Energy, Bob Deckard, Jaimee Howard

ENgaging Educators in Renewable enerGY (ENERGY): Lesson Plans & Slideshows (2017-2019)

No abstract provided.

Commercial Space Situational Awareness (Ssa) Capabilities And Their Benefits For Civilian Space Traffic Management (Stm), Mark A. Skinner

Space Traffic Management Conference

Paralleling (but lagging) satellite development, SSA, long the sole domain of sophisticated militaries, now includes commercial providers. These commercial capabilities, identified as beneficial to the sustainable use of outer space[1], have demonstrated technical sophistication sufficient to positively contribute to the mitigation of satellite interference and provide actionable SSA information. Utilizing small optical telescopes, these entities are able to determine the orbits of objects in the geosynchronous orbit (GSO) to sizes as small as 1 m², with measured positional uncertainties of 10s of meters, on the order of the size of a modern communications satellite. These techniques …

Fishing With Geographic Information Systems, James L. Freeman

Scholars Week

Title: Fishing With Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Author: Lance Freeman

Mentor: Dr. Haluk Cetin

This study was conducted to utilize multiple geographic information systems (GIS) applications for specific parts of Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley. Using Lowrance Insight Genesis, along with topographical maps to help utilize time on the water keeping fisherman in the areas they want to target for specific types of cover and structure to help catch what they are after. Most of this information had to come from typical seasonal patterns and research into a lakes history as to how it was made, along with what is …

Spaceways: Airspace In Outer Space, Scott Haeffelin

Space Traffic Management Conference

Forecasted future demand in space travel is driving the need for the development of space traffic management. Currently, orbital space traffic is mostly unregulated with internationally agreed upon best practices and self-interest driving space operators to avoid collisions with other spacecraft. This paper explores the future of space travel by presenting a concept of creating “airspace in space” or spaceways to manage the ever growing volumes of space traffic. Spaceways are analogous to airspace for aircraft with the goal of increasing levels of safety and reducing probabilities of collision. These goals can be achieved by creating traffic rules, defining valuable …

A Novel Approach For Controlled Deorbiting And Reentry Of Small Spacecraft, Larry H. Fineberg, Justin Treptow, Timothy Bass, Scott Clark, Yusef Johnson, Bradley Poffenberger

Space Traffic Management Conference

No abstract provided.

Space Analysis And Research Centers (Sparcs) For Ssa Data And Analytics, Phillip Cunio, Brien Flewelling

Space Traffic Management Conference

Widespread use of massive data and increasing reliance on spaceborne infrastructure are two of the emerging megatrends of the early 21^st century. However, both come with liabilities: movement and processing of large data volumes is very expensive, and reliance on spaceborne infrastructure adds risk that problems in the still incompletely-understood space domain might cause work disruptions.

ExoAnalytic proposes the use of Space Analysis and Research Centers (SpARCs) as a way to begin addressing both these issues. A SpARC is a facility which integrates volumes of data collected on satellites, centrally analyzes it, and makes available resulting useful information. The …

Examining Time To Evacuate Dynamically Activated Aircraft Hazard Areas, Zheng Tao, Granghuai Wang, Ashley G. Williams, Jon L. Semanek, Jonathan L. Schwartz

Space Traffic Management Conference

The growth in launch and reentry operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) presents the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the challenge of integrating them more efficiently while also minimizing effects on other NAS users and maintaining safety. Currently, to maintain safety and account for unforeseen events such as vehicle breakup, the FAA segregates large amounts of airspace, called Aircraft Hazard Areas (AHAs), from traditional NAS users during launch and reentry operations. In order to minimize effects on NAS users, some AHAs during reentry are dynamically activated only if an unexpected event occurs. If a dynamic AHA is activated, then …

Projecting Air Traffic Impact Of Blocked Airspaces, Amal Srivastava, Neil Gahart

Space Traffic Management Conference

FAA frequently blocks strategically located airspaces to ensure operational safety in the vicinity of hazardous operations such as space launches and military exercises. As demand for access to airspace continues to rise, the need for, and the impact of blocked airspaces is likely to grow. Users such as space operators have no advanced insights into potential NAS impact of airspaces blocked due to their operations, nor do they possess ways to minimize it. This paper presents a model that would give users this insight. The model estimates levels of air traffic likely to intersect arbitrary airspace volumes on a daily …

Air Traffic Impact Analysis Design For A Suborbital Point-To-Point Passenger Transport Concept, Tanja Luchkova, Sven Kaltenhaeuser, Frank Morlang

Space Traffic Management Conference

Space flight activities are growing on an international level, thereby creating an evident need for a safe and efficient integration of space vehicle operations into the air traffic system. For concepts like very high-speed intercontinental passenger transport via suborbital point-2-point flights, as it is proposed by the DLR SpaceLiner, this integration issue is becoming especially relevant. As part of a case study approach to analyse the effects of space vehicle operations on air traffic and to evaluate mitigation strategies and optimized ATM integration, a traffic impact analysis has been prepared and conducted for the SpaceLiner return trajectory towards a European …

Industrial Cold-Formed Steel Rack Column Base Fixity And Strength, Francesc Roure, Teoman Peköz, M. Rosa Somalo, Jordi Bonada, M. Magdalena Pastor, Miquel Casafont, James Crews

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper summarizes the testing done at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain and the possible use of the results in design for column base stiffness and strength. The test setup and procedure are adopted in the European rack design standards.

Reduced Order Models For Profiled Steel Diaphragm Panels, G. Bian, S. Torabian, B. W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The objective of this paper is to provide progress on development and validation of reduced order models for the in plane strength and stiffness of profiled steel panels appropriate for use in structural models of an entire building. Profiled steel panels, i.e, metal deck, often serve as a key distribution element in building lateral force resisting systems. Acting largely as an in-plane shear diaphragm, metal deck as employed in walls, roofs, and floors plays a key role in creating and driving three-dimensional building response. As structural modeling evolves from two-dimensional frameworks to fully three-dimensional buildings, accurate and computationally efficient models …

Shear Resistance Of Cold-Formed Steel Framing Wall With X-Strap Bracing, Chi-Ling Pan, Chang-Chan Huang, Meng-Hsiu Tsao

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This research is concentrated on the study of structural strength and behavior of cold-formed steel frame with strap bracing subjected to horizontal loads. The wall specimens with and without calcium silicate board sheathing were tested to compare the differences of shear resistance. Based on the test data, the ultimate strength, stiffness, ductility ratio, and failure behavior were studied for each specimen, and the wall’s movements were also discussed in this paper. The cold-formed steel framing wall without bracing from previous study was introduced for the comparison purpose. As expected, the ultimate strength was increased for the cold-formed steel wall sheathed …

An Archetype Mid-Rise Building For Novel Complete Cold-Formed Steel Buildings, S. Torabian, Z. Saneei Nia, B. W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper introduces an archetype mid-rise cold-formed steel (CFS) building that aids in assessing the limits of current structural solutions, particularly lateral force resisting systems, and also in the development of new CFS technologies. A unified archetype building provides a platform for comparing the performance of new lateral force resisting systems to existing ones. The study herein provides quantitative evaluation of the design limitations of a typical “complete” cold-formed steel building (i.e. only cold-formed steel based elements are used for all gravity and lateral force resisting systems) at different heights (4 through 20 stories) located in a high seismic zone. …

Seismic Modeling And Incremental Dynamic Analysis Of The Cold-Formed Steel Framed Cfs-Nees Building, J. Leng, S. G. Buonopane, B. W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The objective of this paper is to present seismic modeling of a two-story cold-formed steel (CFS) framed building. The selected building, known as the CFSNEES building, was designed to current U.S. standards and then subjected to full-scale shake table tests under the U.S. National Science Foundation Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) program. Test results showed that the building’s stiffness and capacity was considerably higher than expected and the building suffered only non-structural damage and no permanent drift, even at maximum considered earthquake (per ASCE 7 and the selected California site) level. Past modeling, including that of the authors, largely …

Experimental Investigation Of The Effect Of Screw Fastener Spacing On The Local And Distortional Buckling Behavior Of Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Columns, David C. Fratamico, Shahabeddin Torabian, Kim J. R. Rasmussen, Benjamin W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper addresses an ongoing experimental and computational effort on the buckling and strength of built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) columns. Specifically, two 6 in. (152 mm) deep lipped channel sections (i.e. the 600S137-54 and 600S162-54 using AISI S200-12 nomenclature) are studied here in a back-to-back, screw-connected form and were chosen for their local and distortional slenderness to study the effect of fastener spacing and layout on local and distortional buckling and collapse behavior. Thirty column tests are completed with concentric loading. The screw spacing is varied from L to L/6, where L is the column length, with and without varying …

Experimental Investigation Into Steel Storage Rack Beam-To-Upright Bolted Connections, Liusi Dai, Xianzhong Zhao, Chong Ren

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

For unbraced steel storage racks, the down-aisle stability depends largely on the performance of beam-to-upright connections and column bases. Boltless connections are generally used in order to make rack structures easy to assemble and feasible to adjust the storey height. Recently, storage racks are designed to carry large amounts of goods and they are therefore raise a considerable height, which makes the improvement of the structural stability to be sufficiently important. Under the circumstances, tab-connected beam-to-upright connections with bolts are gradually used in steel storage racks. Compared with boltless connections, the stiffness, strength and ductility of the bolted connections are …

Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Steel Trusses With Concentric And Eccentric Joint Arrangements Using The Howick Rivet Connector, Amin Ahmadi, Colin K. L. Yee, Harry J. S. Shepherd, G. Charles Clifton, Raj Das, James B. P. Lim

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper considers the behaviour of a cold-formed steel truss system that uses a novel pinned connector for the joints, to be referred to as the Howick Rivet connector (HRC). Use of the HRC allows a pinned concentric joint arrangement to be formed, as well as the more usual eccentric joint arrangement used in tests described in the literature. However, with the concentric joint arrangement, it is necessary to remove part of the lips of the channel-sections being connected, thus creating a discontinuity in the lips. This paper assesses the effect of this discontinuity. Full-scale truss tests are first described. …

Design Of New Cold Rolled Purlins By Experimental Testing And Direct Strength Method, V. B. Nguyen, B. Cartwright, M. A. English

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

New cold roll formed channel and zed sections for purlins, namely UltraBEAMTM2 and UltraZEDTM2, have been developed by Hadley Industries plc using a combined approach of experimental testing, finite element modelling and optimisation techniques. The new sections have improved strength to weight ratio by increasing the section’s strength by using stiffeners in the section webs. The European standards, Eurocode 3, use a traditional Effective Width Method to determine the strength of a cold formed steel member. However, the design of the new sections UltraBEAMTM2 and UltraZEDTM2 using this method is very complicated in calculating the effective section properties as these …

Seismic Performance Investigation Of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls With Steel Sheathing, Feng Ruo-Qiang, Xu Peng-Hui

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls with steel sheet sheathing can achieve higher shear resistance compared to conventional CFS framed shear walls. Experimental and numerical investigation of seismic behavior was present on two CFS shear walls sheathed with steel sheet for the base layer combined with gypsum wallboards for the face layer on both sides. Monotonic shear and cyclic loading tests were conducted on wall specimens. The failure mechanism, bearing capacity, stiffness and ductility of specimens were obtained. On the basis of rational simplification of CFS framed shear walls, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the monotonic …

An Improved Two-Stage Seismic Analysis Procedure For Mid-Rise Buildings With Vertical Combination Of Cold-Formed Steel And Concrete Framing, X. Yuan, L. Xu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Presented in this paper is an improved two-stage analysis procedure for evaluating the seismic load of the mid-rise buildings with vertical combination of cold-formed steel and concrete framing. By comparing the improved procedure to the one prescribed in ASCE 7, it is found the stiffness requirement of the two-stage analysis procedure stated in ASCE 7 may be over-relaxed, which may consequently result in the underestimation of the base shear of the upper structure in certain cases. Furthermore, the lateral load at the top storey of the upper structure evaluated by ASCE 7 two-stage analysis procedure may also be considerably underestimated. …

Resistance Of Arc Spot Welds – Update To Provisions, B. Paige Blackburn, Thomas Sputo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The AISI S100-12 provisions for arc spot welds have not be reviewed since 1999. This study performs a comprehensive analysis of the entire arc spot weld data base including data from four new research studies and reconsiders AISI S100-12 resistance equations with data from 450 specimens. Most AISI S100-12 equations were found to be conservative, particularly for sheet tearing failure modes. However, the equation for arc spot weld fracture under tensile load was found to poorly predict the data base test results. AISI S100-12 provision improvements are recommended not only for the resistance equations and factors, but also for the …

Tilt Bearing Capacity Of Single-Shear Bolted Connections Without Washers, Mehmet E. Uz, Lip H. Teh

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper examines the accuracy of design equations specified in the North American and European codes for cold-formed steel structures in determining the ultimate tilt bearing capacity of single-shear single-row bolted connections without washers in flat steel sheets. It points out that the code equations do not properly distinguish the tilt bearing failure mode from the conventional bearing failure mode, which is typical of double-shear connections and single-shear connections with washers. The tilt bearing capacity is affected by the width of the connected sheet, and its capacity does not vary linearly with either the sheet thickness or the bolt diameter. …

Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Steel Semi Rigid Connections, Ruby Freya, R. Senthil, W. Jeoffray Merin, R. Saravanakumar, Krishna Kuber, M. Gowtham

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Ductility and inelastic performance are important considerations in aseismic design of buildings. The dissipation of energy due to inelastic deformation is predominantly required in the connections like beam column joints. It is necessary to design these joints as semi rigid for its economic and structural benefits. Semi-rigid connections have highly nonlinear behaviour that makes the analysis and design of frames difficult and complicated. Steel structures are highly regarded for their seismic performance. It is required to understand and study the inelastic behavior of steel connections which would help in an economical and simpler design. This paper involves the modeling of …

Shear Behavior Of Screw Connection Between Cold-Formed Steel And Gypsum Sheathing At Elevated Temperatures, Wei Chen, Yihong Ye

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The screw connections between cold-formed steel (CFS) and gypsum sheathing play an important role in the axial and lateral performance of CFS wall panels. Previous researches were mainly focus on the shear behavior of such screw connections at room temperature. This paper carried out a preliminary experimental investigation on the mechanical performance of screw connections with single layer gypsum sheathing at elevated temperatures. Limited to the cavity dimension of the furnace, the single-lap test of CFS coupon -fastener-sheathing connection was adopted and compared with the previous test results of sheathing-to-profile screw connections at room temperature. The failure of screw connections …

Monotonic And Cyclic Backbone Response Of Single Shear Sheathing-To- Cold-Formed Steel Screw-Fastened Connections, F. Tao, R. Cole, C. D. Moen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Monotonic and cyclic backbone load-deformation response models for single shear plywood, oriented-strand board, and gypsum board sheathing to cold-formed steel screw-fastened connections are developed with support from an experimental program. Connection strength, stiffness, and the probability of screw shear failure are correlated to fastener bearing strength of the two connected plies. Cyclic strength and stiffness degradation was negligible. Cyclic excursions resulted in increased connection stiffness from the screw bearing hardening the ply material and locking in the plies.