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Articles 10711 - 10740 of 13031

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh Apr 1995

Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Concept of isolating structures from the effects of ground shaking has been discussed for many years. Its practical application was delayed until the successful development has been made. One of the easiest and lowest cost of base isolation system is the sliding or pure friction type that can be used for unreinforced forced masonry bearing wall building. This type of building are very common in different parts of Iran. Preliminary studies have indicated that the represented system for small buildings situated in the seismic region works very well.

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Screening Of Rayleigh Waves By Open Trenches, E. Conte, G. Dente Apr 1995

Screening Of Rayleigh Waves By Open Trenches, E. Conte, G. Dente

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents results of a numerical study on the effectiveness of open trenches in reducing the ground vibration caused by propagating Rayleigh waves. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain and under conditions of plane strain using the Boundary Element Method. The soil is modelled as a homogeneous isotropic linear elastic half space. In order to represent the screening effect due to the installation of the barrier, the index ER is introduced. ER is defined as the ratio of the rate of energy transmission over the area to be protected in the presence of the trench and that …

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Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The evaluation method of the man-made ground vibration and its formula are reviewed in the paper. The author's formula presented the possibility to solve the Vibration in near source due to the body wave from varied sources. The ground Vibration sources, such as traffic, pile driving etc. and the effects of the embedded source are involved as well. The parameters of the soil energy attenuation and the geometrical attenuation presented have been examined by National Standard Committee of CHINA in 1994. The case histories on varied testing site and vibrating effects are described.

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Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to the M 6.8 Northridge, California, earthquake, the two principal scenarios for Southern California were based on a recurrence of a great earthquake (M 8.25) on the San Andreas Fault system and a moderate earthquake (M 6.5) on the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. Like the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, the new scenario event--a blind thrust fault beneath Los Angeles--is expected to generate very high levels of ground shaking (acceleration, velocity, displacement, spectral response) in the epicentral region, trigger ground failure over a wide area; cause extensive damage to the built environment; and test all aspects of the earthquake risk …

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Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr. Apr 1995

Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of 22landfills in the Los Angeles area during the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake has been investigated. Observations of damage at these landfills indicate that the overall performance of solid waste landfills was encouraging. None of the surveyed landfills showed any signs of major damage. However, one geosynthetic-lined landfill experienced two tears in the geomembrane liner. Most landfills within 30 km of the zone of energy release experienced some form of cracking in the soil cover. Beyond approximately 40 km from the zone of energy release, little to no damage was observed.

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The Performance Of Hillside Fills During The Northridge Earthquake, David J. Mcmahon, Alan Kropp, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jonathon D. Bray Apr 1995

The Performance Of Hillside Fills During The Northridge Earthquake, David J. Mcmahon, Alan Kropp, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jonathon D. Bray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Many hillside fills located in the Santa Monica, Santa Susana, and San Gabriel Mountains were damaged during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. While no deaths have been attributed to fill movement, on the order of tens of millions of dollars in property damage was caused by fill movements which typically involved less than about 7.5cm (3 inches) of localized displacement. Some of the damage was induced by permanent deformations of underlying native materials, but most appears to have resulted from ground failure or ground shaking phenomena associated directly with the fill materials. These phenomena include cyclic compaction, lurching, and amplification of …

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Canlex (Canadian Liquefaction Experiment): A One Year Update, P. K. Robertson, B. R. List, B. A. Hofmann Apr 1995

Canlex (Canadian Liquefaction Experiment): A One Year Update, P. K. Robertson, B. R. List, B. A. Hofmann

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Canadian Geotechnical engineering community has embarked on a major study regarding the liquefaction of sand entitled The Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) through a collaborative effort of industry, engineering consultants and university participants, with the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The study is examining the characterization of sand for dynamic and static liquefaction. The project was started in 1993 and is expected to last at least 3 years with equal funding by both industry and NSERC for a total of about C$1.8M. This paper provides a brief progress report on the Project. Three …

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Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret Apr 1995

Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Different numerical approaches for the analysis of earthquake triggered landslides are studied. Improved simplified models are developed and their performance for evaluating the response of natural slopes subjected to earthquakes is studied. Using more sophisticated numerical techniques the influence of several factors such as the hydro mechanical behavior assumptions, 1D vs. 2D geometry, and the input motion are assessed. 2D computations have shown that the kinematics of the slope motion is largely affected by the geometry of the slope. As far as the soil behavior is concerned, the results indicate that introduction of progressive yielding in the soil model provides …

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Worldwide Advances In Seismic Zonation, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

Worldwide Advances In Seismic Zonation, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic zonation is the process that integrates the hazard, policy, and built environments to produce maps that divide a geographic region into smaller areas or zones which can be used by community decision makers to answer the question, "Where is the best location to locate and build a specific structure." Seismic zonation maps have been produced by almost every country in the world with the most rapid advances occurring after 1968.

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National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods Apr 1995

National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The cost of and time required for site characterization in preparation for field experimentation often exceeds the cost and time of performing the experiment. For this reason alone, there is a need for well characterized field experimentation sites. The additional advantage of being able to compare measurements of so1l and rock parameters by new methods with measurements of the same parameters by other methods in well-known materials is very beneficial to the geotechnical community. Finally, the need to perform full scale earth structure experiments dictates a need for well characterized and user friendly sites where large experiments can be performed. …

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Simple Physical Models For Foundation Dynamics, John P. Wolf Apr 1995

Simple Physical Models For Foundation Dynamics, John P. Wolf

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

As an alternative to rigorous boundary-element solutions, simple physical models can be used to determine e.g. the interaction force-displacement relationship (dynamic stiffness) of foundations and the seismic effective foundation input motion. Translational and rotational cones and their corresponding lumped-parameter models together with simple one-dimensional wave patterns in the horizontal plane allow surface, embedded and pile foundations even for a layered site to be analyzed and thus form a major step towards developing a strength-of-materials approach to foundation - vibration analysis. The analysis can mostly be performed directly in the time domain. The physical models provide physical insight which is often …

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Wave Propagation In The Ground And Isolation Measures, W. A. Haupt Apr 1995

Wave Propagation In The Ground And Isolation Measures, W. A. Haupt

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The first part of this report deals with wave propagation in the ground. Special attention is given to the radiation of waves from a source and on the effect of layering or continuous variation of the shear modulus in the soil on travelling waves. In the second part, vibration isolation measures are described, such as open or infilled trenches and rows of bore holes or piles. The results of different theoretical and experimental investigations are compared. Finally, recently developed isolation measures are presented.

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Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam Apr 1995

Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Research on soil-pile-structure interaction under dynamic loading over the past 20 years has led to a variety of analysis approaches of varying complexity to address a range of dynamic problems. Many of these analysis approaches have been adapted for use for the seismic design of pile foundations. In this paper, the various analysis methods are only briefly reviewed. The focus of discussion is on design concepts and issues more routinely used or encountered by structural engineers during seismic design of new or retrofitted pile foundation systems representative of those used for bridges and buildings.

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Preliminary Report On The Damage Of Buildings And Houses Due To The Great Hanshin (Kobe) Earthquake Of January 17, 1995, Yoshihiro Sugimura, Madan B. Karkee Apr 1995

Preliminary Report On The Damage Of Buildings And Houses Due To The Great Hanshin (Kobe) Earthquake Of January 17, 1995, Yoshihiro Sugimura, Madan B. Karkee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

More than 5,400 persons were killed during the great Hanshin earthquake that occurred early in the morning (5:46 a.m.) of January 17, 1995. About 90% of the dead, most of which were aged persons, were crushed under wooden houses and other residential buildings damaged by the strong shock. People could not escape falling ceilings and furnitures because they were still in their sleep. In addition, the shock produced by the active fault directly under the area was very sudden. Markedly heavy damage was concentrated in the approximately 500m wide belt region lying between the Rokko base rock zone and the …

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General Report —Session I: Static And Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters And Constitutive Relations Of Soils, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan Apr 1995

General Report —Session I: Static And Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters And Constitutive Relations Of Soils, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report —Session Ix: Geotechnical Analysis Of Recent Earthquakes, Walter W. Hays, C. Rojahn, A. Ansal Apr 1995

General Report —Session Ix: Geotechnical Analysis Of Recent Earthquakes, Walter W. Hays, C. Rojahn, A. Ansal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report — Session Xi: Engineering Vibrations And Solutions, K. Rainer Massarsch, C. Madshus, A. Bodare Apr 1995

General Report — Session Xi: Engineering Vibrations And Solutions, K. Rainer Massarsch, C. Madshus, A. Bodare

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report — Session Xiv: Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994, G. L. Hempen Apr 1995

General Report — Session Xiv: Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994, G. L. Hempen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Finite Element Studies On Lipped Channel Flexural Members, Maria E. Moreyra, Teoman Pekoz Oct 1994

Finite Element Studies On Lipped Channel Flexural Members, Maria E. Moreyra, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is second in a series of three papers describing the research sponsored by the American Iron and Steel Institute. Physical test results described in the first paper combined with the finite element solution parametric studies described in this paper were used in the third paper to develop improved design procedures for edge stiffened elements.

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Analysis And Design Of Continuous Sandwich Beams, Paavo Hassinen, Lassi Martikainen Oct 1994

Analysis And Design Of Continuous Sandwich Beams, Paavo Hassinen, Lassi Martikainen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Sandwich panels are composed of two thin face layers and a lightweight core between them. Panels are used to carry large bending moments and axial forces, which capacity is reduced, if imperfections, for example initial deflections or transverse loads, appear in the face layers. At intermediate supports the panel is stressed by a high bending moment and, in addition, by a concentrated lateral support reaction. The strength against the simultaneous bending moment and support reaction depends on the bending stiffness and on the bending and buckling strength of the face and on the compressive strength of the core. The paper …

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A Design Procedure For Lipped Channel Flexural Members, Maria E. Moreyra, Teoman Pekoz Oct 1994

A Design Procedure For Lipped Channel Flexural Members, Maria E. Moreyra, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is third in a series of three papers describing the research sponsored by the American Iron and Steel Institute. Physical test results described in the first paper combined with the finite element solution parametric studies described in the second paper were used in this paper to develop improved design procedures for edge stiffened elements.

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Local Buckling Of Stiffened And Unstiffened Elements Under Nonuniform Compression, Venkatakrishnan Kalyanaraman, P. Jayabalan Oct 1994

Local Buckling Of Stiffened And Unstiffened Elements Under Nonuniform Compression, Venkatakrishnan Kalyanaraman, P. Jayabalan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Thin plates subjected to linearly varying inplane compression in one direction may undergo local buckling before failure. An analytical procedure is presented for evaluating the local buckling strength based on which equations for the local buckling stress of unstiffened and stiffened elements are presented.

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The Compressional Behaviour Of Perforated Elements, J. Rhodes, Falk D. Schneider Oct 1994

The Compressional Behaviour Of Perforated Elements, J. Rhodes, Falk D. Schneider

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The behaviour of stub columns with a series of different perforation patterns is examined on the basis of tests. The tests concentrate on plain channel cross sections with perforation layouts systematically varied to examine the effects of perforation position, dimensions and number on the section performance. The application of existing cold formed steel design codes to perforated members is examined on the basis of comparison with the tests, and various modifications to the design codes are considered to take perforations into account These are described and the comparison with test results is illustrated.

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Fatigue Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Steel Sections, Dimos Polyzois, Glenn Morris, S. K. Hassan Oct 1994

Fatigue Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Steel Sections, Dimos Polyzois, Glenn Morris, S. K. Hassan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In the expected life span of a transmission tower, the members are subjected to a large number of alternating wind applications. Fatigue behaviour due to repeated loading must therefore be considered in design. This paper presents the fatigue-test results for 52 cold-formed steel members. The results obtained can be used to establish additional guidelines for fatigue design of cold-formed steel sections.

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Pallet Racking Using Cold-Reduced Steel, J. S. Cowen, J. Michael Davies Oct 1994

Pallet Racking Using Cold-Reduced Steel, J. S. Cowen, J. Michael Davies

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Codes of practice for the design of cold-formed sections have generally included a requirement for the coil material to possess a specified amount of ductility prior to forming. The scientific basis for such ductility requirements is shrouded in historical mystery but code drafting committees have been reluctant to remove these requirements in the absence of good reason. However, very low ductility steels have been used for the manufacture of cold-formed steel components for many years by the two leading UK manufacturers of storage racks without this lack of ductility giving rise to any problems during either manufacture or service. This …

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Residual Stresses In Cold Formed Steel Sections, G. Roy, Dimos Polyzois, M. A. Mohamedien Oct 1994

Residual Stresses In Cold Formed Steel Sections, G. Roy, Dimos Polyzois, M. A. Mohamedien

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Initial or residual stresses are considered one of the major factors that affect the design of the cold-formed steel sections, since they could reach 50% of the yield stress of the material. As part of a comprehensive experimental program on the use of cold-formed steel sections in transmission towers, an investigation on the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in cold-formed steel sections was undertaken. The study involved 83 tests using two nondestructive methods, and two destructive methods, to determine the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses. The paper summarizes the results from this investigation and outlines a number of …

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Multiple Stiffened Deck Profiles, M. Sommerstein, R. P. Papazian, R. M. Schuster Oct 1994

Multiple Stiffened Deck Profiles, M. Sommerstein, R. P. Papazian, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

CAN/CSA-S136-M89 and the AISI Specification on Cold Formed Steel Design use different methods to determine the effective width of multiple stiffened compressive elements when no local buckling in the sub-elements occurs. Both methods replace the multiple stiffened element with a flat plate element centered at the neutral axis of the multiple stiffened element. The methods differ in assigning an equivalent thickness to the straight line element. The AISI method provides sufficient thickness to match the moment of inertia of the multiple stiffened element, while the S136 method makes use of orthotropic plate theory, however, dealing only with the elastic buckling …

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Ultimate Behaviour Of Trapezoidal Steel Sheets In Bending, Raffaele Landolfo, Fredrico M. Mazzolani Oct 1994

Ultimate Behaviour Of Trapezoidal Steel Sheets In Bending, Raffaele Landolfo, Fredrico M. Mazzolani

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A systematic analysis of existing trapezoidal steel sheets commonly used in the market is performed in order to compare their carrying capacity at the light of their ultimate behaviour. The complete investigation has been developed both from theoretical and experimental points of view. In this paper, the description of the experimental techniques, the numerical simulation of the obtained results as well as the exploitation of these data in order to check the codified design rules are reported.

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Stub Column Study Using Welded, Cold-Reduced Steel, L. Randy Daudet, K. H. Klippstein Oct 1994

Stub Column Study Using Welded, Cold-Reduced Steel, L. Randy Daudet, K. H. Klippstein

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The primary goal of the subject study was to investigate the behavior and load capacity of stub columns using cold-reduced, low-ductility steel versus un-reduced, normal-ductility steel. Specimens that were cold-reduced were also welded transversely across the entire stud cross section. Therefore, this study also yielded data with regard to the axial performance of welded studs. In addition, since stub columns were punched and un-punched, further conclusions can be drawn about the effect of a weld located at a web perforation. A total of 133 stub column tests were performed at the Dietrich Material Testing Laboratory in Hammond, Indiana, between December …

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