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Articles 7591 - 7620 of 11510
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Application Of The Three Short Calibration Technique In A Low Frequency Focus Beam System, William E. Gunn Jr.
Application Of The Three Short Calibration Technique In A Low Frequency Focus Beam System, William E. Gunn Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Electromagnetic material characterization is the process of determining the constitutive parameters of matter. In simple media, these parameters are permittivity and permeability. Characterization of these values is often accomplished through the use of waveguides, transmission lines, coaxial cables, and resonant cavities. Free space measurements systems are employed since they are non destructive (i.e., no sample machining is required) and broadband. Traditionally, time domain gating is utilized to mitigate systematic errors. However, an artifact of this calibration technique is band edge corruption due to data windowing. The goal of this research is to develop and apply a Three Short Calibration Technique …
An Approach To Large Scale Radar-Based Modeling And Simulation, Lester C. Long Iv
An Approach To Large Scale Radar-Based Modeling And Simulation, Lester C. Long Iv
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents a method of aggregating, or reducing the resolution, of a commonly available Department of Defense (DoD) simulation. It addresses the differences between varying levels of resolution and scope used in the DoD’s hierarchy of models pyramid. A data representation that aggregates engagement-level simulation data to use at a lower resolution level, the mission-level, is presented and analyzed. Two formats of implementing this data representation are developed and compared: the rigid cylinder format and the expanding tables format. The rigid cylinder format provides an intuitive way to visualize the data and is used to develop the theory. The …
Characterization And Measurement Of Passive And Active Metamaterial Devices, Christopher A. Lundell
Characterization And Measurement Of Passive And Active Metamaterial Devices, Christopher A. Lundell
Theses and Dissertations
This document addresses two major obstacles facing metamaterial development: uncertainty in the characterization of electromagnetic field behavior in metamaterial structures and the relatively small operational bandwidth of metamaterial structures. To address the first obstacle, a new method to characterize electromagnetic field behavior in a metamaterial is presented. This new method is a bistatic radar cross section (RCS) measurement technique. RCS measurements are well-suited to measuring bulk metamaterial samples because they show frequency dependence of scattering angles and offer common postprocessing techniques that can be useful for visualizing results. To address the second obstacle, this document characterizes the effectiveness of an …
The Effect Of Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Resolution On Target Discrimination, John E. Mcgowan
The Effect Of Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Resolution On Target Discrimination, John E. Mcgowan
Theses and Dissertations
This research details the effect of spatial resolution on target discrimination in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Multiple SAR image chips containing targets and non-targets are used to test a baseline Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system with reduced spatial resolution. Spatial resolution is reduced by lowering the pixel count or synthesizing a degraded image by filtering and reducing the pixel count. A two-parameter Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detector is tested, and three feature sets, size, contrast, and texture, are used to train a linear classifier and to estimate probability density functions for the two classes. The results are scored …
Artificial Inhomogeneous Tapered Impedance Sheet Characterization And Applications, Jeffrey P. Massman
Artificial Inhomogeneous Tapered Impedance Sheet Characterization And Applications, Jeffrey P. Massman
Theses and Dissertations
The ability to manipulate a complex impedance sheet about a PEC or general dielectric cylinder of arbitrary diameter to control the overall scattering characteristics at particular angles for shielding or scattering applications is presented. It is shown that with the capability to readily control both the real and imaginary components of a percolated lossy film's effective impedance, specific impedance distributions can be obtained to effectively direct the overall nulls in the bistatic scattering pattern. The exact approach only requires negligible truncation error of the matrix solution and can be applied to cylinders of arbitrary size. This approach relies on general …
Spectral Domain Rf Fingerprinting For 802.11 Wireless Devices, Sheldon A. Munns
Spectral Domain Rf Fingerprinting For 802.11 Wireless Devices, Sheldon A. Munns
Theses and Dissertations
The increase in availability and reduction in cost of commercial communication devices (e.g. IEEE compliant such as 802.11, WiFi, 802.16, Bluetooth etc.) has increased wireless user exposure and the need for techniques to properly identify/classify signals for increased security measures. Communication device emissions include intentional modulation that enables correct device operation. Hardware and environmental factors alter the ideal response and induce unintentional modulation effects. If these effects (features) are sufficiently unique, it becomes possible to identify a device using its fingerprint, with potential discrimination of not only the manufacturer but possibly the serial number for a given manufacturer. Many techniques …
Component Hiding Using Identification And Boundary Blurring Techniques, James D. Parham Jr.
Component Hiding Using Identification And Boundary Blurring Techniques, James D. Parham Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Protecting software from adversarial attacks is extremely important for DoD technologies. When systems are compromised, the possibility exists for recovery costing millions of dollars and countless labor hours. Circuits implemented on embedded systems utilizing FPGA technology are the result of downloading software for instantiating circuits with specific functions or components. We consider the problem of component hiding a form of software protection. Component identification is a well studied problem. However, we use component identification as a metric for driving the cost of reverse engineering to an unreasonable level. We contribute to protection of software and circuitry by implementing a Java …
Design Of A Monocular Multi-Spectral Skin Detection, Melanin Estimation, And False-Alarm Suppression System, Keith R. Peskosky
Design Of A Monocular Multi-Spectral Skin Detection, Melanin Estimation, And False-Alarm Suppression System, Keith R. Peskosky
Theses and Dissertations
A real-time skin detection, false-alarm reduction, and melanin estimation system is designed targeting search and rescue (SAR) with application to special operations for manhunting and human measurement and signatures intelligence. A mathematical model of the system is developed and used to determine how the physical system performs under illumination, target-to-sensor distance, and target-type scenarios. This aspect is important to the SAR community to gain an understanding of the deployability in different operating environments. A multi-spectral approach is developed and consists of two short-wave infrared cameras and two visible cameras. Through an optical chain of lenses, custom designed and fabricated dichroic …
Investigating The Use Of Frequency Selective Surfaces In High Power Microwave Applications, Steven M. Pugh
Investigating The Use Of Frequency Selective Surfaces In High Power Microwave Applications, Steven M. Pugh
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores new territory with the theoretical investigation of the use of Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) in High Power Microwave (HPM) applications. Work was performed in a simulation environment where rectangular and ring-shaped FSS elements were evaluated. Incident electric field levels of 0.5MV/m were propagated toward the FSS in a plane wave that was perpendicular to the surface. Results show that the total electric field in the apertures of the FSS can reach more than 6MV/m. This necessitates the use of high strength dielectric materials surrounding the FSS to reduce the risk of electrical breakdown. It is shown that …
Increasing The Sensitivity Of Surface Acoustic Wave (Saw) Chemical Sensors And Other Chemical Sensing Investigations, Nina R. Smith
Increasing The Sensitivity Of Surface Acoustic Wave (Saw) Chemical Sensors And Other Chemical Sensing Investigations, Nina R. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
The work involves the fabrication and testing of three different surface acoustic wave (SAW) device designs, an investigation of nanowires sensitive to chemicals and preconcentrator prototypes to include with chemical sensors. The SAW chemical sensor designs include modifications to a basic SAW device to see if the sensitivity of the SAW device is increased. The modifications consist of etched trenches along the propagation field, coating the device with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under the chemically sensitive layer and coating CNTs on top of the chemically sensitive layer. SAW devices are coated with Nafion®, a polymer sensitive to ethanol. The tests indicate …
Investigation Of Thermal Management And Metamaterials, Calvin T. Roman
Investigation Of Thermal Management And Metamaterials, Calvin T. Roman
Theses and Dissertations
Thermal metamaterials are materials composed of engineered, microscopic structures that exhibit unique thermal performance characteristics based primarily on their physical structures and patterning, rather than just their chemical composition or bulk material properties. The heat transfer performance attributes of a thermal metamaterial are such that similar performance cannot be obtained using conventional materials or compounds. Thermal metamaterials are an emerging technology, and are just now beginning to be acknowledged and developed by the microelectronics and material sciences community. This thesis effort analyzed the current state of thermal metamaterial research, examined the physics and theory of heat transfer and electrical conductivity …
Aiding Gps With Additional Satellite Navigation Services, Yasin A. Mutlu
Aiding Gps With Additional Satellite Navigation Services, Yasin A. Mutlu
Theses and Dissertations
In modern warfare navigation services are very important. GPS is currently providing service for accurate navigation, except in some areas, especially urban areas, where GPS signals cannot always be tracked by users. In these cases some additional navigation support could be provided by other global navigation satellite systems. If GPS is combined with other navigation systems than the navigation gap will be minor. In this thesis, the effect of combining GPS with other satellite navigation systems, specifically GLONASS, Galileo and Compass, is evaluated in terms of availability and position dilution of precision (PDOP) values. First, satellite constellations are simulated in …
Consideration Of Wear Rates At High Velocity, Chad S. Hale
Consideration Of Wear Rates At High Velocity, Chad S. Hale
Theses and Dissertations
The development of the research presented here is one in which high velocity relative sliding motion between two bodies in contact has been considered. The experimental results of a VascoMax 300 maraging steel slipper sliding on an AISI 1080 steel rail during a January 2008 sled test mission were considered for the determination of high velocity wear rates. The numerical model, based on a metallographic study of a test slipper, contained all of the physical features present in order to adequately characterize high velocity wear rates. Two-dimensional, plane strain models have been implemented in the explicit finite element code, ABAQUS. …
Verification Of Kam Theory On Earth Orbiting Satellites, Christian L. Bisher
Verification Of Kam Theory On Earth Orbiting Satellites, Christian L. Bisher
Theses and Dissertations
This paper uses KAM torus theory and Simplified General Perturbations 4 (SGP4) orbit prediction techniques compiled by Dr. William Wiesel and compares it to Analytical Graphics ® Incorporated (AGI) Satellite Toolkit ® (STK) orbit data. The goal of this paper is to verify KAM torus theory can be used to describe and propagate an Earth satellite orbit with similar accuracy to existing general perturbation techniques. Using SGP4 code including only truncated geopotential effects, KAM torus generating code, and other utilities were used to describe a particular satellite orbit as a torus and then propagate the satellite using traditional and KAM …
Gravity Gradiometry And Map Matching: An Aid To Aircraft Inertial Navigation Systems, Anthony J. Degregoria
Gravity Gradiometry And Map Matching: An Aid To Aircraft Inertial Navigation Systems, Anthony J. Degregoria
Theses and Dissertations
Inertial navigation systems (INS) offer passive, all-weather, and undeniable navigation information, which military customers often view as especially appealing strengths. Unfortunately, Airmen and engineers still struggle with INS’s drifting position errors, and navigation aids generally detract from INS’s strengths. At this year’s Air, Space, and Cyberspace in the 21st Century Conference, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force identified the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a widely-known and exploitable vulnerability, saying that it’s critical the Joint force reduce GPS dependence. Recent advances provide an opportunity for gravity gradient instruments (GGI), which measure spatial derivatives of the gravity vector, to …
Effectsof Prior Aging At 260 °C In Argon On Inelastic Deformation Behavior Of Pmr-15 Polymer At 260 °C: Experiment And Modeling, Bradley K. Diedrick
Effectsof Prior Aging At 260 °C In Argon On Inelastic Deformation Behavior Of Pmr-15 Polymer At 260 °C: Experiment And Modeling, Bradley K. Diedrick
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to investigate the inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature polymer, at 260 °C. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of strain rate on loading and unloading behaviors. In addition, the effect of prior strain rate on creep, relaxation, and recovery responses was evaluated. The material exhibits positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity in monotonic loading. Early failures occur before fully establishing inelastic flow. The creep, relaxation, and recovery responses are significantly influenced by prior strain rate. The experimental results suggest the behavior of PMR-15 at 260 °C can be …
Numerical Investigation Of Pre-Detonator Geometries For Pde Applications, Robert T. Fievisohn
Numerical Investigation Of Pre-Detonator Geometries For Pde Applications, Robert T. Fievisohn
Theses and Dissertations
A parametric study was performed to determine optimal geometries to allow the successful transition of a detonation from a pre-detonator into the thrust tube of a pulse detonation engine. The study was performed using a two-dimensional Euler solver with progress variables to model the chemistry. The geometrical configurations for the simulations look at the effect of shock reflections, flow obstructions, and detonation diffraction to determine successful geometries. It was observed that there are success and failure rates associated with pre-detonators. These success rates appear to be determined by the transverse wave structure of a stably propagating detonation wave and must …
Validation Of A Novel Approach To Solving Multibody Systems Using Hamilton's Weak Principle, Ashton D. Hainge
Validation Of A Novel Approach To Solving Multibody Systems Using Hamilton's Weak Principle, Ashton D. Hainge
Theses and Dissertations
A novel approach for formulating and solving for the dynamic response of multibody systems has been developed using Hamilton’s Law of Varying Action as its unifying principle. In order to assure that the associated computer program is sufficiently robust when applied across a wide range of dynamic systems, the program must be verified and validated. The purpose of the research was to perform the verification and validation of the program. Results from the program were compared with closed-form and numerical solutions of simple systems, such as a simple pendulum and a rotating pendulum. The accuracy of the program for complex …
Analysis Of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System Designs For Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Ryan M. Hiserote
Analysis Of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System Designs For Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Ryan M. Hiserote
Theses and Dissertations
Currently fielded electric-powered small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) lack the endurance desired by warfighters, while their internal combustion engine (ICE) driven counterparts generate mission compromising acoustic and thermal signatures. Parallel hybrid-electric propulsion systems would meet the military’s needs by combining the advantages of hydrocarbon and electric power systems. Three distinct parallel hybrid-electric system designs, each with three unique battery discharging profiles, were analyzed and compared using a constrained static optimization formulation based upon traditional aircraft design equations. Each system combined an ICE sized for cruise speed with an electric motor sized for endurance speed. The nine hybrid variations were compared …
Particle Size Control For Piv Seeding Using Dry Ice, Brian T. Love
Particle Size Control For Piv Seeding Using Dry Ice, Brian T. Love
Theses and Dissertations
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has been carried out using solid carbon dioxide (CO2) particles as the seed material to continue the development of clean seeding for use in large-scale, closed-circuit tunnels. Testing occurred in two wind tunnels at subsonic and supersonic speeds using dry ice particles generated by allowing liquefied CO2 to expand from a small diameter injector tube through a larger diameter shroud tube. The particles were injected into the plenum and discrete solid particles, suitable for PIV measurements, were present in the test section. Data on particle size were first collected using a Malvern particle …
Development Of A Flapping Wing Design Incorporating Shape Memory Alloy Actuation, Jeffrey A. Barrett
Development Of A Flapping Wing Design Incorporating Shape Memory Alloy Actuation, Jeffrey A. Barrett
Theses and Dissertations
This research sought to validate a proof of concept regarding shape memory alloy actuation of a flapping-wing blimp. Specimen wires were subjected to cyclic voltage at increasing frequencies to quantify expected strains. A laser vibrometer captured 2048 sample velocities during single contraction and elongation cycles, and the resulting samples were used to calculate displacements. Displacements were determined ten times for each specimen and frequency to compute averages. Subsequently, a circumventing frame was designed to encase a blimp envelope and provide support for a flapping motion actuation system. Contraction of shape memory wire translated force to the flapping mechanism via bellcranks, …
Dive Angle Sensitivity Analysis For Flight Test Safety And Efficiency, Matthew T. Schneider
Dive Angle Sensitivity Analysis For Flight Test Safety And Efficiency, Matthew T. Schneider
Theses and Dissertations
Flutter envelope expansion is one of the most critical types of developmental flight tests. The regions that present the most dangerous flight profiles are those test points in the negative PS realm of the flight envelope. These points develop into high-speed dives and require an accurate predictive model to prevent possible testing accidents. As a flight test is conducted, several conditions such as aircraft weight and ambient air temperature can change, causing a drastic shift in the excess power profiles resulting in significant alteration in the test conditions. Using a dive planning model, a number of parameters were analyzed to …
Thrust And Performance Study Of Micro Pulsed Plasma, Jeremy J. Selstrom
Thrust And Performance Study Of Micro Pulsed Plasma, Jeremy J. Selstrom
Theses and Dissertations
This research is focused on several areas of the μPPT performance. An important idea studied is the effect of lifetime use on the performance. The thruster is fired for a simulated lifetime of use to see if there is an impact on the thrust of the thruster later in life. Also vital is the efficiency of the thruster. A μPPT performing at max efficiency will ionize all ablated material; however, we know that not to be the case. In this research the effort is made to collect these non-ionized particles in order to measure their mass post-test. With this collected …
Structural Response Of Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structure Components Under Compression, Joseph W. Sabat Jr.
Structural Response Of Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structure Components Under Compression, Joseph W. Sabat Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structure (SWASS) is an aircraft system that can provide the capabilities of a stiffened panel skin structure and a slotted waveguide radar antenna simultaneously. The system made from carbon fiber reinforced polymers is designed around a 10 GHz radar frequency in the X-band range and uses a WR-90 waveguide as a baseline for design. The system is designed for integration into fuselage or wing sections of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft and would increase the system performance through the availability of increased area and decreased system weight. Elemental parts of the SWASS structure were …
A Structural Dynamic Analysis Of A Manduca Sexta Forewing, Travis W. Sims
A Structural Dynamic Analysis Of A Manduca Sexta Forewing, Travis W. Sims
Theses and Dissertations
Micro air vehicles (MAVs) are intended for future intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance use. To adequately fulfill a clandestine capacity, MAVs must operate in close proximity to their intended target without eliciting counter-observation. This objective, along with DARPA’s constraint of a sub-15 centimeter span, requires future MAVs to mimic insect appearance and flight characteristics. This thesis describes an experimental method for conducting a structural analysis of a Manduca Sexta (hawkmoth) forewing. Geometry is captured via computed tomography (CT), and frequency data is collected using laser vibrometry in air and vacuum. A finite element (FE) model is constructed using quadratic beams and …
Cfd Analysis Of Experimental Wing And Winglet For Falconlaunch 8 And The Exfit Program, Benjamin P. Switzer
Cfd Analysis Of Experimental Wing And Winglet For Falconlaunch 8 And The Exfit Program, Benjamin P. Switzer
Theses and Dissertations
Reusable launch vehicles have many benefits over their expendable counterparts. These benefits range from cost reductions to increased functionality of the vehicles. Further research is required in the development of the technology necessary for reusable launch vehicles to come to fruition. The Air Force Institute of Technology’s future involvement in the ExFIT program will entail designing and testing of a new wing tip mounted vertical stabilizer in the hypersonic regime. One proposed venue for experimentation is to utilize the United States Air Force Academy’s FalconLAUNCH Program which annually designs, builds, and launches a sounding rocket capable of reaching hypersonic speeds. …
Off-Design Analysis Of A High Bypass Turbofan Using A Pulsed Detonation Combustor, Caitlin R. Thorn
Off-Design Analysis Of A High Bypass Turbofan Using A Pulsed Detonation Combustor, Caitlin R. Thorn
Theses and Dissertations
Past research has indicated that implementation of a pulsed detonation combustor (PDC) into a high-bypass turbofan engine yields a more efficient engine at design conditions. It is proposed that performance gains can be made utilizing this hybrid engine off-design. A hybrid high-bypass turbofan engine with a PDC model was evaluated for a range of Mach numbers, altitudes, and fill fractions in the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS). Results were compared to a conventional baseline high-bypass turbofan engine that shares the same architecture with the hybrid. The NPSS baseline engine was validated using the Aircraft Engine Design System (AEDsys) program and …
Exfit Flight Design And Structural Modeling For Falconlaunch Viii Sounding Rocket, Michael J. Vinacco
Exfit Flight Design And Structural Modeling For Falconlaunch Viii Sounding Rocket, Michael J. Vinacco
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort furthers the Air Force’s study of reusable launch vehicles and hypersonic airfoils by conducting a hypersonic flight test using the US Air Force Academy’s FalconLAUNCH VIII sounding rocket. In this study, two experimental fin tips were designed and attached to the sounding rocket in place of two stabilizer fins in order to collect data throughout the rocket’s hypersonic flight profile. The desire to research, study, and test experimental fin tips was driven by the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Future responsive Access to Space Technologies (FAST) program and their desire to include vertical stabilizers on the wing tips …
Performance Of A Small Internal Combustion Engine Using N-Heptane And Iso-Octane, Cary W. Wilson
Performance Of A Small Internal Combustion Engine Using N-Heptane And Iso-Octane, Cary W. Wilson
Theses and Dissertations
With the sustained interest in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Micro Air Vehicles (MAV), the military services have a real need for vehicles powered by an internal combustion (IC) engine that can run efficiently on heavy hydrocarbon fuels, especially JP-8 due to established logistics. This thesis concerns the results of running a two horsepower, 4-stroke, spark-ignition engine (FUJI BF34-EI) with both iso-Octane and n-Heptane. Results include the knocking characteristic of this engine with n-Heptane, a comparison of the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the two fuels in a factory delivered engine configuration with a 17x10 APC propeller loading, a …
Simulation And Application Of Gpops For Trajectory Optimization And Mission Planning Tool, Danielle E. Yaple
Simulation And Application Of Gpops For Trajectory Optimization And Mission Planning Tool, Danielle E. Yaple
Theses and Dissertations
Rapid trajectory generation is crucial to prompt global warfare. To meet the USAF’s objective of Persistent and Responsive Precision Engagement, a rapid mission planning tool is required. This research creates the framework for the mission planning tool and provides a sample optimal trajectory which is solved using the GPOPS software package. GPOPS employs a Gaussian pseudospectral method to solve the non-linear equations of motion with both end conditions and path constraints. By simultaneously solving the entire trajectory based on an initial guess and small number of nodes, this method is ideal for generating rapid solutions. The sample case is a …