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Articles 6481 - 6510 of 11510
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
An Investigation Into Ground Moving Target Indication (Gmti) Using A Single-Channel Synthetic Aperture Radar (Sar), Joseph W. Winkler
An Investigation Into Ground Moving Target Indication (Gmti) Using A Single-Channel Synthetic Aperture Radar (Sar), Joseph W. Winkler
Theses and Dissertations
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was originally designed as an airborne ground-imaging radar technology. But it has long been desired to also be able to use SAR imaging systems to detect, locate, and track moving ground targets, a process called Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI). Unfortunately, due to the nature of how SAR works, it is inherently poorly suited to the task of GMTI. SAR only focuses targets and image features that remain stationary during the data collection. A moving ground target therefore does not focus in a conventional SAR image, which complicates the process of performing GMTI with SAR systems. …
Drug Delivery Microdevice: Design, Simulation, And Experiments, Jae Hwan Lee
Drug Delivery Microdevice: Design, Simulation, And Experiments, Jae Hwan Lee
Theses and Dissertations
Ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa require drug management in order to prevent blindness and affecting millions of adults in US and worldwide. There is an increasing need to develop devices for drug delivery to address ocular diseases. This research focused on an implantable ocular drug delivery device design, simulation and experiments with design requirements including constant diffusion rate, extended period of time operation, the smallest possible volume of device and reservoir. The drug delivery device concept uses micro-/nano-channels module embedded between top and bottom covers with a drug reservoir. Several microchannel …
Foundational Work In Bioelectrochemical Anaerobic Reactor Design With Electron Mediators, Christopher D. Hoeger
Foundational Work In Bioelectrochemical Anaerobic Reactor Design With Electron Mediators, Christopher D. Hoeger
Theses and Dissertations
Bioelectrical reactors (BER) have potential to be utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications. This work explores the kinetics involved with reduction of electron mediators (anthraquinone disulfonate and methyl viologen) in bioelectrical reactors. It also discusses on possible application of BER technology to produce ethanol from CO2 and electricity. It is established that Clostridium ragdahlei is capable of sustaining life and product formation with CO2 as the only carbon source. This means it is theoretically possible to utilize CO2 as he source of carbon and electricity as the source of reducing equivalents for bacterial growth and product formation. A …
Evaluation Of The Thorax Of Manduca Sexta For Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Applications, Brian C. Cranston
Evaluation Of The Thorax Of Manduca Sexta For Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Applications, Brian C. Cranston
Theses and Dissertations
The tobacco hornworm hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) provides an excellent model from which to gather knowledge pertaining to the development of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). One of the major challenges in design of a FWMAV is the energy demanding nature of low Reynolds number flapping flight. Therefore, an understanding of the power required by the flight muscles to actuate the wings is essential for the design of a FWMAV. The M.sexta wing/thorax mechanism was evaluated as a mechanical system in order to gain insight to the mechanical power required to produce the full natural wing stroke. A unique …
Immobilized Viologen Polymer For Use In Direct Carbohydrate Fuel Cells, Yining Pan
Immobilized Viologen Polymer For Use In Direct Carbohydrate Fuel Cells, Yining Pan
Theses and Dissertations
Glucose and other carbohydrates are some of the most abundant renewable energy sources in the world. The oxidation of carbohydrates in a fuel cell allows their chemical energy to be converted directly into electrical energy. Viologen has been indentified and shows promising ability as an electron-transfer catalyst or mediator for carbohydrate oxidation in an alkaline carbohydrate fuel cell. Building on the previous results, the objective of this work was to develop an immobilization chemistry of viologen onto an electrode and to investigate the catalytic activity for carbohydrate oxidation in direct carbohydrate fuel cells.The immobilization was achieved by electropolymerizing a novel …
Development Of Peptide Nanotube-Modified Biosensors For Gas-Phase Organophosphate Detection, Peter A . Baker
Development Of Peptide Nanotube-Modified Biosensors For Gas-Phase Organophosphate Detection, Peter A . Baker
Theses and Dissertations
Vapor-phase detection of the model organophosphate malathion was achieved using enzymes encapsulated in peptide nanotubes and attached to gold screen-printed electrodes. Malathion was chosen as the model for this experiment because its binding mechanism with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is identical to its more potent counterparts (such as sarin or VX), but it has an extremely low human toxicity, which makes it both practical and easy to use. The peptide nanotubes had horseradish peroxidase encapsulated inside and were coated with both acetylthiocholine (ASCh) and AChE on the outside. ASCh hydrolysis, which produces thiocholine, was catalyzed by the AChE. The thiocholine was then …
Pseudolite Architecture And Performance Analysis For The Faa's Nextgen Airspace, Joseph A . Czabaranek
Pseudolite Architecture And Performance Analysis For The Faa's Nextgen Airspace, Joseph A . Czabaranek
Theses and Dissertations
By 2025 the FAA plans to have fully implemented its NextGen Airspace design. NextGen takes advantage of modern positioning technologies as well as automation, data sharing, and display technologies that will allow more efficient use of our ever busier National Airspace (NAS). A key element of NextGen is the transition from surveillance RADAR providing aircraft separation and navigation to the use of the GPS and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-B couples the precision of the GPS with networked ground and airborne receivers to provide precise situational awareness to pilots and controllers. The result is increased safety, capacity, and access …
Biodegradation Of An Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant By Activated Sludge With Varying Solid Retention Times, Allen K. Janeczko
Biodegradation Of An Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant By Activated Sludge With Varying Solid Retention Times, Allen K. Janeczko
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the fate of malathion, a surrogate compound for VX studies, in bench-scale sequencing batch bioreactors being operated under varied solid retention times (SRTs) to simulate the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment facilities. Results show that a constant influent of the malathion will largely be removed. However, the heterotrophic bacteria undergo a stress response which temporarily inhibits malathion removal, the extent of which increases with increasing SRTs. After this stress response takes place, the activated sludge is able to resume a high degree of malathion removal, even with increased influent concentration; however, this is done so at …
Fate Of Malathion In An Activated Sludge Municipal Wastewater Treatment System, Edward B. Walters
Fate Of Malathion In An Activated Sludge Municipal Wastewater Treatment System, Edward B. Walters
Theses and Dissertations
Organophosphate compounds are used as pesticides and in chemical warfare agents such as nerve agents. VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate) is one of the most toxic and environmentally persistent of these nerve agents. This research examined the fate of malathion, a pesticide and surrogate of VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate), in bench-scale activated sludge (AS) sequencing batch reactors. Sorption kinetics and sorption equilibrium isotherm experiments indicate that sorption to AS biomass was not a statistically important removal mechanism. However, approximately 90% of the initial 4.25 mg L-1 malathion concentration degraded primarily via heterotrophic activity.
Feasibility Analysis On The Utilization Of The Iridium Satellite Communications Network For Resident Space Objects In Low Earth Orbit, John R. Claybrook
Feasibility Analysis On The Utilization Of The Iridium Satellite Communications Network For Resident Space Objects In Low Earth Orbit, John R. Claybrook
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, space has become more congested and contested, particularly in low Earth orbit (LEO), generating the need for a low-latency capability to provide precise orbital knowledge and accurate space situational awareness information. This thesis investigates the feasibility of resident space objects (RSOs) in LEO communicating continuously with ground operators or users through the Iridium Satellite Communications Network. Due to the problem's complexity and required time for computation, a test-industry technique called Design of Experiments is implemented in order to efficiently study the feasibility of the communication link. Specifically, an optimal response surface method is chosen to design the …
Application Of Finite Element To Evaluate Material With Small Modulus Of Elasticity, Boyce H. Dauby
Application Of Finite Element To Evaluate Material With Small Modulus Of Elasticity, Boyce H. Dauby
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes the development of a series of models utilizing the commercial finite element suite ABAQUS specifically to apply towards the study of biological tissue. The end goal is to be able to obtain the material properties of the Manducca Sexta, a biological inspiration for flapping wing micro-air vehicles. Two finite element models were used to analyze the results of two prior studies of other researchers. A flat punch elastic model examined boundary effects and confirmed that the point of indentation was far enough removed from the boundary. The hyperelastic spherical indentation experiment examined the effects of coefficient of …
Biaxial (Tension-Torsion) Testing Of An Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite, Joseph M. Derienzo
Biaxial (Tension-Torsion) Testing Of An Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite, Joseph M. Derienzo
Theses and Dissertations
High temperatures and structural loads in advanced aerospace structures often result in complex loading conditions. This study is focused on biaxial (tension-torsion) testing of an oxide-oxide porous matrix ceramic matrix composite (CMC) (NextelTM 720/AS) thin wall tube with a novel involute layup. Tests included pure torsion and biaxial (tension- torsion) loading. Strain gages were used in addition to digital image correlation (DIC) to measure strains and to detect crack initiation and propagation. Room temperature and 1100°C uniaxial tests were performed in a build up approach prior to biaxial (tension-torsion) testing. Double-notch shear (DNS) specimens were tested at 1100°C in air …
Characterization Of Rotating Detonation Engine Exhaust Through Nozzle Guide Vanes, Nick D. Debarmore
Characterization Of Rotating Detonation Engine Exhaust Through Nozzle Guide Vanes, Nick D. Debarmore
Theses and Dissertations
A RDE has higher thermal efficiencies in comparison to its traditional gas turbine counterparts. Thus, as budgets decrease and fuel costs increase, RDEs have become a research focus for the United States Air Force. An integration assembly for attaching the first NGV section from a T63 gas turbine engine to a 6 inch diameter RDE was designed and built for this study. Pressure, temperature, and unsteadiness measurements were completed in this study to characterize the exhaust flow of the RDE through the NGVs. The experiment found that stagnation pressure dropped an average of 4% through the NGVs, and that unsteadiness …
Effects Of Temperature On The Performance Of A Small Internal Combustion Engine At Altitude, Travis D. Husaboe
Effects Of Temperature On The Performance Of A Small Internal Combustion Engine At Altitude, Travis D. Husaboe
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of atmospheric pressure and temperature variations on the performance of small internal combustion (IC) engines operating at altitudes significantly above sea level are not widely documented. Using an altitude chamber and fuel-injected twostroke engine, data were collected while varying air temperature along with pressure. The peak engine power was 4.1 kW at roughly sea level standard conditions and dropped to 3.5 kW at the standard conditions for an altitude of 1.5 km. At a combination of pressure and temperature corresponding to an altitude of 3 km, peak power fell further to 2.5 kW. The combined effects of standard …
Computational Simulation Of Explosively Generated Pulsed Power Devices, Mollie C. Drumm
Computational Simulation Of Explosively Generated Pulsed Power Devices, Mollie C. Drumm
Theses and Dissertations
Technology and size constraints have limited the development of the end game mechanisms of today's modern military weapons. A smaller, more efficient means of powering these devices is needed, and explosive pulsed power devices could be that answer. While most prior research has been in the experimental field, there is a need for more theory-based research and a computer modeling capability. The objective of this research was to use experimental data collected by the US Army at Redstone Arsenal from their ferroelectric generator (FEG) design in combination with the ALEGRA-EMMA code to develop a computer model that can accurately represent …
A Study Of The Thermal Environment Developed By A Traveling Slipper At High Velocity, Kathleen H. Le
A Study Of The Thermal Environment Developed By A Traveling Slipper At High Velocity, Kathleen H. Le
Theses and Dissertations
The research presented in this thesis is developed from the relative sliding motion of a traveling slipper and stationary rail at the Holloman High Speed Test Track located at Holloman AFB, NM. The high velocity condition of the slipper traveling down the rail creates a thermal environment that is of interest to the researchers at the Air Force Institute of Technology. The high temperatures coupled with high velocity leads to a non-linear problem known as melt wear. The goal of this research is to characterize the amount of heat flow going into the slipper as it traverses the rail and …
Development Of Optimized Piezoelectric Bending Actuators For Use In An Insect Sized Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle, Robert K. Lenzen
Development Of Optimized Piezoelectric Bending Actuators For Use In An Insect Sized Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle, Robert K. Lenzen
Theses and Dissertations
Piezoelectric bimorph actuators, as opposed to rotary electric motors, have been suggested as an actuation mechanism for flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) because they exhibit favorable characteristics such as low weight, rapidly adaptable frequencies, lower acoustic signature, and controllable flapping amplitudes. Research at the Air Force Research Labs and the Air Force Institute of Technology has shown that by using one actuator per wing, up to five degrees of freedom are possible. However, due to the weight constraints on a FWMAV, the piezoelectric bimorph actuators need to be fully optimized to support free flight. This study focused on three …
Finite Element Analysis Of A Highly Flexible Flapping Wing, Justin K. Mason
Finite Element Analysis Of A Highly Flexible Flapping Wing, Justin K. Mason
Theses and Dissertations
Small unmanned aerial systems are being designed to emulate the flapping kinematics of insects and birds which show superior control in slow speed regimes compared to fixed wing or rotorcraft aircraft. The flight of flapping wing vehicles is characterized by aeroelastic effects. Most research has been dedicated towards understanding the aerodynamic side of the aeroelastic response with minimal effort spent towards validating the structural response. A finite element model of a wing from a commercial flapping wing vehicle was created to validate the structural response. Vacuum testing allowed the isolation of the inertial response for a direct comparison to the …
Experimental Characterization Of The Structural Dynamics And Aero-Structural Sensitivity Of A Hawkmoth Wing Toward The Development Of Design Rules For Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles, Aaron G. Norris
Theses and Dissertations
A case is made for why the structures discipline must take on a more central role in the research and design of flapping-wing micro-air-vehicles, especially if research trends continue toward bio-inspired, insect-sized flexible wing designs. In making the case, the eigenstructure of the wing emerges as a key structural metric for consideration. But with virtually no structural dynamic data available for actual insect wings, both engineered and computational wing models that have been inspired by biological analogs have no structural truth models to which they can be anchored. An experimental framework is therefore developed herein for performing system identification testing …
Porous Emitter Colloid Thruster Performance Characterization Using Optical Techniques, Eric T. Wolf
Porous Emitter Colloid Thruster Performance Characterization Using Optical Techniques, Eric T. Wolf
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on experimentally characterizing the performance parameters of a colloid thruster with porous emitters through optical techniques. Porous emitters are different than traditional needle emitters in how they allow a variation in the number and size of Taylor Cones throughout a range of propellant volumetric flow rate conditions. An algorithm is created to calculate the estimated minimum and maximum number of emitter sites based on magnified images of the porous emitter heads. Theoretical thruster performance parameters are then established from the estimated number of emitter sites. Experimental techniques for measuring the thrust and exhaust exit velocity are proposed. …
Training Maneuver Evaluation For Reduced Order Modeling Of Stability & Control Properties Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Craig C. Porter
Training Maneuver Evaluation For Reduced Order Modeling Of Stability & Control Properties Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Craig C. Porter
Theses and Dissertations
System identification has long been used as a tool for flight test engineers to characterize systems under test; however, the inputs to these characterization activities have previously been limited to wind tunnel and flight test data. There has been a recent effort to incorporate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) into the system identification process. An integral piece of the process is the simulation of training maneuvers utilizing CFD. Up until now, the suitability of particular training maneuvers has been assessed by comparing the reduced model to known results. This research strives to recommend a set of parameters to be used in …
Computer Based Behavioral Biometric Authentication Via Multi-Modal Fusion, Kyle O. Bailey
Computer Based Behavioral Biometric Authentication Via Multi-Modal Fusion, Kyle O. Bailey
Theses and Dissertations
Biometric computer authentication has an advantage over password and access card authentication in that it is based on something you are, which is not easily copied or stolen. One way of performing biometric computer authentication is to use behavioral tendencies associated with how a user interacts with the computer. However, behavioral biometric authentication accuracy rates are much larger then more traditional authentication methods. This thesis presents a behavioral biometric system that fuses user data from keyboard, mouse, and Graphical User Interface (GUI) interactions. Combining the modalities results in a more accurate authentication decision based on a broader view of the …
Laser Illuminated Imaging: Multiframe Beam Tilt Tracking And Deconvolution Algorithm, David J. Becker
Laser Illuminated Imaging: Multiframe Beam Tilt Tracking And Deconvolution Algorithm, David J. Becker
Theses and Dissertations
A laser-illuminated imaging system operating in the presence of atmospheric turbulence will encounter several sources of noise and diffraction induced errors. As the beam propagates, turbulence induced tilt will cause the beam to wander off axis from the target. This is especially troublesome when imaging satellites, since most turbulence is closer to the Earth's surface and greatly affects the beam in the early stages of propagation. Additionally, the returning beam convolved with the target will encounter turbulence induced tilt that appears as apparent movement of the target between image frames. This results in varying beam intensities at the target surface …
High Frequency Magnetic Field Direction Finding Using Mgl-S8a B-Dot Sensors, Michael D. Archer
High Frequency Magnetic Field Direction Finding Using Mgl-S8a B-Dot Sensors, Michael D. Archer
Theses and Dissertations
Aircraft based direction finding (DF) in the high frequency (HF) band is difficult due to the aircraft's size with respect to wavelength and limited azimuthal resolution. A B-dot sensor is useful for detection of the time varying magnetic field and offers improved integration into an aircraft. What the B-dot sensor gains in integration it gives up in sensitivity because it is designed for frequencies above 5 GHz. Design of an airborne HFDF array using Bdot sensors is based in maximizing the physical extent of the array and eliminating multiple main beams. The goals of this research are to complete a …
Photoacoustic Detection Of Terahertz Radiation For Chemical Sensing And Imaging Applications, Stjepan Blazevic
Photoacoustic Detection Of Terahertz Radiation For Chemical Sensing And Imaging Applications, Stjepan Blazevic
Theses and Dissertations
The main research objective is the development of photoacoustic sensor capable of detecting weak terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation. The feasibility of THz remote sensing is seen in the utilization of Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) cantilever-based sensor. The overall sensing functionality of the detector in development is based on the photoacoustic spectroscopy and direct piezoelectric effect phenomena, as a result of which significant part of investigation has been conducted in the areas of terahertz electromagnetic radiation and its detection. The main focus of this research work was the detector analytical and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation modeling, involving necessary material properties investigations …
Creep Of Hi-Nicalon S Fiber Tows At Elevated Temperature In Air And In Steam, Theodore R. Shillig
Creep Of Hi-Nicalon S Fiber Tows At Elevated Temperature In Air And In Steam, Theodore R. Shillig
Theses and Dissertations
Structural aerospace components require materials that have superior long-term mechanical properties and can withstand severe environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, high pressures and moisture. Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are capable of maintaining excellent strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, which makes them attractive candidate materials for aerospace applications, particularly in propulsion components. Silicon Carbide (SiC) ceramic fibers have been used as constituent materials in CMCs, although oxidation of the SiC to SiO2 has been a known fiber degradation mechanism. Recently developed near stoichiometric Hi-Nicalon-S fibers have shown significant improvements in thermo-chemical stability. Creep of the Hi-Nicalon-S fibers at elevated …
Cloud Computing Trace Characterization And Synthetic Workload Generation, Salvatore Capra
Cloud Computing Trace Characterization And Synthetic Workload Generation, Salvatore Capra
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis researches cloud computing workload characteristics and synthetic workload generation. A heuristic presented in the work guides the process of workload trace characterization and synthetic workload generation. Analysis of a cloud trace provides insight into client request behaviors and statistical parameters. A versatile workload generation tool creates client connections, controls request rates, defines number of jobs, produces tasks within each job, and manages task durations. The test system consists of multiple clients creating workloads and a server receiving request, all contained within a virtual machine environment. Statistical analysis verifies the synthetic workload experimental results are consistent with real workload …
Characterization Of Metal-Insulator-Transition (Mit) Phase Change Materials (Pcm) For Reconfigurable Components, Circuits, And Systems, Brent L. Danner
Characterization Of Metal-Insulator-Transition (Mit) Phase Change Materials (Pcm) For Reconfigurable Components, Circuits, And Systems, Brent L. Danner
Theses and Dissertations
Many microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) use metal contact micro-switches as part of their reconfigurable device design. These devices utilize a mechanical component that can wear down and fail over time. Metal insulator transition (MIT) materials, also known as phase change materials (PCMs), exhibit a reversible transition that can be used to replace the mechanical component in reconfigurable devices. In the presence of a thermal or electric field stimuli, the PCMs will transition back and forth between a crystalline and amorphous state. During this transformation, the resistivity, reflectivity, and Young's modulus of the material drastically change. This research effort focuses on characterizing …
Machine Conscious Architecture For State Exploitation And Decision Making, Mark M. Derriso
Machine Conscious Architecture For State Exploitation And Decision Making, Mark M. Derriso
Theses and Dissertations
This research addressed a critical limitation in the area of computational intelligence by developing a general purpose architecture for information processing and decision making. Traditional computational intelligence methods are best suited for well-defined problems with extensive, long-term knowledge of the environmental and operational conditions the system will encounter during operation. These traditional approaches typically generate quick answers (i.e., reflexive responses) using pattern recognition methods. Most pattern recognition techniques are static processes which consist of a predefined series of computations. For these pattern recognition approaches to be effective, training data is required from all anticipated environments and operating conditions. The proposed …
Estimating And Measuring Application Latency Of Typical Distributed Interactive Simulation (Dis) - Based Simulation Architecture, Ryan L. Drinkwater
Estimating And Measuring Application Latency Of Typical Distributed Interactive Simulation (Dis) - Based Simulation Architecture, Ryan L. Drinkwater
Theses and Dissertations
One of the challenges in a distributed virtual environment stems from the requirement to simultaneously execute the simulations in realtime to support human interaction, in conjunction with maintaining a consistent view of the shared simulated environment. Maintaining a consistent set of simulation state data in the presence of network latency is difficult if individual data items are updated frequently. The principle application of DIS-based simulation environments has been in the domain of training where a consistent view or its correctness is often judged in subjective terms such as the simulation looking and feeling correct. New application areas for these systems …