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Articles 511 - 540 of 11497
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Evaluating Weather Effects On Sortie Generation Using Discrete Event Simulation, Markus Case
Evaluating Weather Effects On Sortie Generation Using Discrete Event Simulation, Markus Case
Theses and Dissertations
United States Air Force (USAF) operations rely on sortie generation, a complex system involving aircraft maintenance, operational planning, munitions, security forces, and aircrew. Failures in any of these areas can jeopardize a mission, and extreme weather events such as lightning, high winds, and snow further complicate operations. This thesis examines the impact of extreme weather on sortie generation, focusing on developing a data-driven discrete-event simulation (DES) to predict generation timelines and identify high-risk areas. The model allows users to adjust key inputs, including the month, number of aircraft, processing times, and personnel/equipment availability. By simulating real-world conditions, the model helps …
Understanding Avionics Maintenance Training Student Outcomes In A Student-Centered Active Learning Environment, Scott M. Wyman
Understanding Avionics Maintenance Training Student Outcomes In A Student-Centered Active Learning Environment, Scott M. Wyman
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the effects of active learning compared to didactic methodologies on two soft skills, namely teamwork and self-efficacy using regression analyses and connected letter reports. Learning styles and personality traits were used as predictors. Findings indicate significant interaction effects between methodology, aural learning style, and personality traits on self-efficacy and teamwork ability. The findings highlight the nuanced role of learner traits in shaping teamwork outcomes across instructional methods. While active learning supports soft skills, individual differences must be considered in instructional design to optimize teamwork in technical education settings.
Data Lakehouse And Machine Learning Pipeline For Aircraft Fuel Efficiency Experimentation, Skyler G. Kepley
Data Lakehouse And Machine Learning Pipeline For Aircraft Fuel Efficiency Experimentation, Skyler G. Kepley
Theses and Dissertations
Fuel efficiency is crucial for the U.S. Air Force, impacting mission success, aircraft performance, and cost savings. This study presents an information system that integrates flight and maintenance data using a data lakehouse. It automates ingestion, enrichment, and predictive modeling, leveraging AutoML for optimization and SHAP for transparency. A case study on C-130J aircraft shows that optimizing D Check cycles can save 11.52 pounds of fuel per flight hour. These findings highlight the effectiveness of data-driven decision-making in aviation, offering a scalable, automated solution for improving fuel efficiency and reducing costs.
Island Nation Duress: Simulating Passive Peer-To-Peer Bluetooth Communication During Disaster Relief, Jason K. Medeiros
Island Nation Duress: Simulating Passive Peer-To-Peer Bluetooth Communication During Disaster Relief, Jason K. Medeiros
Theses and Dissertations
Pacific Islands under U.S. jurisdiction are highly vulnerable to natural disasters, yet many lack the infrastructure to effectively respond and recover. Clear communication during and after such events is critical for evacuation, hazard awareness, and first responders’ coordination. This research explores a simulation-based approach using Bluetooth communication to relay messages across Guam, assessing its efficiency through statistical analysis. By examining regional differences and geographic impacts on Bluetooth messaging, the study aims to identify key factors that enhance peer-to-peer communication for timely and effective disaster response.
Machine Learning With Flight Data Recorder Data For Flight Fuel Consumption Predictions, Adam C. Levandowski
Machine Learning With Flight Data Recorder Data For Flight Fuel Consumption Predictions, Adam C. Levandowski
Theses and Dissertations
This study applies advanced Machine Learning (ML) to Flight Data Recorder (FDR) data for fuel consumption predictions. It explores feature engineering, model selection, and Hyper-Parameter Optimization (HPO) across all flight phases. Baseline models like Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Multi- Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), and decision trees are compared to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) layers, and XGBoost. Results analyze segmentation strategies, tailored features, and model performance. A counterfactual analysis compares ML models to operational fuel predictions, demonstrating their deployment potential. Findings establish a foundation for future ML-driven advancements in aviation fuel optimization.
Class Imbalance: A Landscape Of Classification Models, Joshua L. Edmonds
Class Imbalance: A Landscape Of Classification Models, Joshua L. Edmonds
Theses and Dissertations
Class imbalance poses significant challenges in machine learning classification. This study evaluates the performance of seven models (ANN, k-Means, kNN, LDA, LR, SVM, XGBoost) across multiple imbalance levels (10\%, 5\%, 1 \%, 0.5\%) and investigates the effectiveness of sampling techniques (Undersampling, SMOTE, SMOTE-ENN). ANOVA results confirm that model choice is the most critical factor, with XGBoost and SVM demonstrating superior robustness. SMOTE improves recall but reduces precision, while undersampling generally degrades overall performance. While significant, imbalance levels do not play a critical role in model effectiveness.
Maintenance Strategy And Budgeting Optimization For United States Air Force Facilities, Sophia C. Hirtle
Maintenance Strategy And Budgeting Optimization For United States Air Force Facilities, Sophia C. Hirtle
Theses and Dissertations
Mission readiness in the United States Air Force (USAF) is critically dependent on the sustainment and maintenance of aging facilities. However, budgetary and manpower constraints have led to a significant backlog of deferred maintenance, estimated at $137 billion. To address these challenges, this research develops an optimization model that aids in prioritizing facility maintenance strategies within a fixed budget. The methodology incorporates existing USAF data from BUILDER, NexGenIT, and financial records to create a simulation-based optimization framework at the base level. The model evaluates four different maintenance strategies—replacement only, preventative maintenance only, corrective maintenance only, and a combination of preventative …
Commercial Satellite Payload Trends, Alexander B. Krawietz
Commercial Satellite Payload Trends, Alexander B. Krawietz
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the evolving trends in commercial satellite payloads with an emphasis on mass, operating power, and project duration overall and across different payload types, serving as a benchmark for Department of Defense (DoD) leaders to compare against private industry advancements. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of open-source commercial satellite data, this study identifies significant trends that could influence cost estimation, schedule estimation, and satellite design. The analysis not only highlights the technological progression over several decades but also provides a comparative insight into how the United States and China are positioned in their race for space dominance. Beyond detecting …
Visual Segmentation For Autonomous Aircraft Landing On Austere Runways, Alissa M. Owens
Visual Segmentation For Autonomous Aircraft Landing On Austere Runways, Alissa M. Owens
Theses and Dissertations
Autonomous aircraft must land without human intervention, but existing methods rely on GPS or marked runways, which may be unavailable in austere environments. This paper presents a vision-based approach using semantic segmentation to detect runways and estimate aircraft pose by comparing camera and satellite imagery. We detail the model’s training and demonstrate its effectiveness with simulated and real UAV data.
Accuracy Of Time Phasing Missile And Munition Using The Continuous Distribution Function, Joseph Zobler
Accuracy Of Time Phasing Missile And Munition Using The Continuous Distribution Function, Joseph Zobler
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate cost and schedule estimates are crucial for maintaining the U.S. military’s technological and operational superiority, ensuring efficient resource allocation and timely development of advanced defense systems. This research examines S-curve models for time-phasing non-recurring Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) expenditures in missile and munition acquisition programs. This research evaluates the commonly used 60/40 rule, which assumes 60% of expenditures occur by 50% of the schedule, for its accuracy using Cost Assessment Data Enterprise (CADE) and Earned Value Management Central Repository (EVM-CR) data from 21 missile and munition development programs.
Statistical Analysis Of Spreading Code Authentication (Sca) Performance Under Varying Signal Conditions And Marker Quantization Schemes, Joseph Quinones-Ocasio
Statistical Analysis Of Spreading Code Authentication (Sca) Performance Under Varying Signal Conditions And Marker Quantization Schemes, Joseph Quinones-Ocasio
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis analyzes Spreading Code Authentication (SCA) in the GPS L1C signal using the PyChips software-defined receiver (SDR)framework. Monte Carlo simulations evaluate authentication performance under varying signal conditions, assessing the impact of double-precision and quantized data on signal integrity. Results demonstrate that authentication remains achievable at low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) conditions but introduces trade-offs in memory usage and authentication time. These findings provide insights into optimizing SCAfor resource-constrained environments, contributing to secure GPS operations in critical applications such as aviation, autonomous systems,and national defense.
Cognitive Warfare In The South China Sea: Analyzing Media Influence And Public Opinion In Taiwan, Wyatt F. Blatti
Cognitive Warfare In The South China Sea: Analyzing Media Influence And Public Opinion In Taiwan, Wyatt F. Blatti
Theses and Dissertations
In a time where conflict extends beyond traditional battlefields, cognitive warfare emerges as a powerful tool to influence perceptions and gain strategic advantages. This study investigates China’s cognitive warfare strategies against Taiwan through trend analysis, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis of news media articles from March 2013 to August 2024 to uncover evolving techniques and mitigation efforts. The findings highlight the potential for tracking cognitive campaigns overtime but will require more than news media alone and suggests future research to better understand indicators of cognitive warfare.
Reinforcement Learning For Aeromedical Evacuation In Nonstationary Combat Environments, Micah J. Kartchner
Reinforcement Learning For Aeromedical Evacuation In Nonstationary Combat Environments, Micah J. Kartchner
Theses and Dissertations
This research formulates the medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) dispatching problem as a sequential decision process and investigates the application of reinforcement learning under nonstationary conditions. We model the dynamic arrival rate of MEDEVAC requests using a nonstationary Hawkes process and design a Double Deep Q-Network algorithm that incorporates belief states to anticipate future requests. Through computational experimentation, we analyze the impact of belief formulation on decision quality and system performance. Results indicate that policies incorporating belief states significantly outperform myopic dispatching policies, reducing urgent casualty wait times by up to 49.68% and increasing on-time evacuations by up to 21.91%.
An Agent-Based Modeling Framework For Evaluating The Linkage Between Disaster Facility Damage And Mental Health, Emily S. Reeves
An Agent-Based Modeling Framework For Evaluating The Linkage Between Disaster Facility Damage And Mental Health, Emily S. Reeves
Theses and Dissertations
This research establishes a novel agent-based modeling framework to establish the linkage between disaster-induced facility damage and mental health outcomes and the evaluation of treatment methods within the civilian and USAF mental health spheres. The study models the degradation and recovery of agent mental health using simulated data and evaluates the efficacy of three distinct treatment approaches through statistical methods. The methodology integrate agent-based modeling with resilient engineering concepts to simulate mental health resilience curves based on vulnerability, exposure, and facility damage. Agents’ mental health indices were tracked through phases of degradation, stagnation, and recovery based on the three treatments …
Evaluating Atmospheric Water Generation For The Indo-Pacific: Predictive Modeling, Energy Considerations, And Regional Viability, Jose I. De La Serna
Evaluating Atmospheric Water Generation For The Indo-Pacific: Predictive Modeling, Energy Considerations, And Regional Viability, Jose I. De La Serna
Theses and Dissertations
Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) technology presents a promising solution for extracting and harvesting water from ambient air through condensation methods. This innovative approach offers a viable alternative for water production in regions with limited or unreliable water sources. AWGs operate most effectively in hot and humid environments, typically at temperatures of 80°F and relative humidity levels of 80%. As of 2020, the Department of Defense (DoD) has identified the Indo-Pacific region as a strategic focus for addressing future greatpower competition. Within the framework of Agile Combat Employment, this study evaluates the feasibility and performance of AWG technology at pre-determined locations …
Understanding The Acceptance Of Digital Tools Within An Air Force Environment Using The Utaut2 Model, Britton J. Edwards
Understanding The Acceptance Of Digital Tools Within An Air Force Environment Using The Utaut2 Model, Britton J. Edwards
Theses and Dissertations
This research paper explores factors influencing digital tool adoption in a military context, using a modified UTAUT2 model with the inclusion of Military Status as a moderating factor. The study examines the moderating effects of Military Status on Social Influence towards Behavioral Intention and Behavioral Intention on Use Behavior. Data was collected through a Likert-scale survey from respondents across multiple Department of the Air Force (DAF) organizations. Findings revealed Social Influence had the potential to positively influence Behavioral Intention to use digital tools, but military experience did not significantly moderate this relationship. However, past experience with the legacy tool and …
Assessing The Feasibility Of Managed Aquifer Recharge For The United States Air Force, Daniel Hendrix
Assessing The Feasibility Of Managed Aquifer Recharge For The United States Air Force, Daniel Hendrix
Theses and Dissertations
Water stress is becoming an increasing global issue, with 4 billion people (50% of the world’s population) experiencing water stress at least one month per year. By 2050, 60% of the world’s population and $70 trillion USD in global gross domestic product will be affected. This research analyzes 78 CONUS USAF installations to determine location-specific water stress and feasible Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) solutions. Although thousands of MAR projects have been implemented globally, active-duty USAF installations have yet to contribute to solving this growing issue. Important factors such as required subsurface conditions, physical limitations, design, cost, and regulatory constraints are …
Enhancing Reliability Of A 3d Cargo Scanning System, Gabriel F. Bartolomei
Enhancing Reliability Of A 3d Cargo Scanning System, Gabriel F. Bartolomei
Theses and Dissertations
Recent advancements in 3D cargo scanning and machine learning offer solutions to improve cargo processing reliability. This study enhances a 3D cargo scanning system by addressing software crashes, connectivity failures, and image accuracy issues limiting its operational effectiveness. A systematic approach identified the primary causes of system failures. System updates were implemented, followed by 30 pre- and post-update trials to evaluate reliability improvements. Statistical t-tests showed a significant reduction in failures, although processing time slightly increased. Results indicated that targeted hardware and software updates enhanced cargo scanning efficiency and dependability. Future work will focus on refining sensor calibration, optimizing network …
Calibrating Airfield Pavement Asset Management For A Changing Global Climate: A Case Study At Fairchild Air Force Base, Emily L. Worthy
Calibrating Airfield Pavement Asset Management For A Changing Global Climate: A Case Study At Fairchild Air Force Base, Emily L. Worthy
Theses and Dissertations
Military airfields and civilian airports serve as foundational nodes in the global transportation network, enabling travel, economic growth, and the projection of national security. This study investigates the relationship between climate variables projected through climate change and pavement degradation, with a focus on Fairchild Air Force Base (AFB). Using principal component regression (PCR), the research integrates historical pavement condition index (PCI) data with climate variables, including snowfall, precipitation, freeze-thaw cycles, solar irradiance, and wind speed to develop a predictive model of pavement performance under future climate scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. These models, for both Portland …
A Reinforcement Learning Approach For Maneuvering And Firing Decisions In Sead Operations, Nathaniel Garcia
A Reinforcement Learning Approach For Maneuvering And Firing Decisions In Sead Operations, Nathaniel Garcia
Theses and Dissertations
The integration of automated processes in defense continues to expand, enhancing the lethality of military forces. Artificial intelligence accelerates decision-making cycles, removes the constraints of human-operated hardware, and improves coordination by enabling seamless integration across multiple systems. Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) missions are critical to the United States (U.S.) military, as they neutralize hostile air defense systems, ensuring air superiority and enabling safe and effective operations for aircraft in contested environments. Therefore, it is necessary to pair emerging autonomous capabilities with an important mission set in defense. This research investigates the Autonomous Unmanned Air-to-Ground Strike (AUAGS) problem, modeling …
An Analysis Of Hardware Modification Cost: A Test Of A 1:1 Ratio Heuristic, Oluwasegun Faleye
An Analysis Of Hardware Modification Cost: A Test Of A 1:1 Ratio Heuristic, Oluwasegun Faleye
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate cost estimation for Department of Defense (DoD) hardware modification programs remains a critical challenge due to the complexity of Group A and Group B modifications and their associated installation costs. This study evaluates the validity of a 1:1 ratio heuristic, which suggests that Group A modification kits combined with installation costs should equate to the costs of Group B modification kits. This study analyzes cost relationships across system types and modification categories using a dataset of 255 modification programs from the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC). Statistical methods, including means tables and regression modeling, evaluate the validity …
Cloud One Migration Duration And Its Drivers, Grayson T. Hall
Cloud One Migration Duration And Its Drivers, Grayson T. Hall
Theses and Dissertations
As modern warfare evolves with rapid technological advancements, cloud computing plays a critical role in managing the vast amounts of data required for real-time decision making, as well as enabling seamless organizational access to mission-critical programs and information from around the globe. Recognizing its importance, the Department of Defense (DoD) identified cloud computing as essential for maintaining the military’s technological edge. However, despite cloud computing’s strategic significance, the DoD faces challenges in successfully implementing department-wide cloud computing. In contrast, the Air Force’s cloud computing environment, Cloud One, is fully operational and has already integrated over 145 systems into its platform. …
Using Mbse To Facilitate Integration And Stakeholder Support For Autonomous Aerial Refueling Flight Test, Kevin G. Keth
Using Mbse To Facilitate Integration And Stakeholder Support For Autonomous Aerial Refueling Flight Test, Kevin G. Keth
Theses and Dissertations
he Department of Defense has pushed to implement Digital Material Management, to include Engineering (DE) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) into acquisition processes, publishing various supporting documents such as the Systems Engineering Guidebook, DoDI 5000.97 Digital Engineering, and DoD Reference Architecture Description. DE and MBSE aims to establish a digital authoritative source of truth accessible to all stakeholders responsible for system architecture. However, within multidisciplinary teams, individuals often come from diverse professional backgrounds unrelated to DE and systems engineering, making it challenging to fully leverage the benefits of the digital model. This paper describes an MBSE model that adopts a …
Evaluating The Performance Of Conformal Prediction Generated Uncertainty Sets In Robust Optimization, Zion C. Johnson
Evaluating The Performance Of Conformal Prediction Generated Uncertainty Sets In Robust Optimization, Zion C. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Uncertainty is a major challenge in optimization, especially in problems where unpredictable costs impact decision-making. Robust optimization addresses this by modeling uncertainty via uncertainty sets. These sets are then used such that solutions hold under worst-case scenarios, with success depending on the accuracy of the uncertainty sets. This research examines the use of conformal prediction to construct uncertainty sets for RO, an approach that has not been widely explored. We test split and full conformal prediction in a robust optimization minimum cost flow problem, and comparing them to interval-based and normal-based ellipsoidal uncertainty sets. Experiments run across different network structures …
Developing Core Competencies For The Air Force Civil Engineer Asset Management Career Field, David A. Rochester
Developing Core Competencies For The Air Force Civil Engineer Asset Management Career Field, David A. Rochester
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF) relies on a highly trained and capable workforce to maintain and manage its infrastructure, ensuring mission readiness and operational effectiveness. However, the increasing complexity of asset management, aging infrastructure, and evolving global threats necessitate a structured approach to developing the competencies required for Air Force Civil Engineer Asset Managers. This research aims to identify, develop, and validate core competencies specific to this career field, utilizing a structured methodology that combines an Education Working Group (EWG) with a Delphi study. The study begins with an expert-led EWG to generate an initial list of competencies based …
Radiation Assessment And Distribution In Changing Atmospheric Structures And Turbulence (Radcast), Steven B. Hernandez
Radiation Assessment And Distribution In Changing Atmospheric Structures And Turbulence (Radcast), Steven B. Hernandez
Theses and Dissertations
The accessibility of materials and online information has made radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) a more probable threat than conventional nuclear weapons. This study analyzed five datasets from three test periods, using a correlation analysis between optical turbulence, aerosol concentration, and environmental parameters, and geometric mean diameter (GMD) calculations. The correlation analysis failed to yield meaningful insights, prompted a transition to the GMD analysis, which produced clearer results. Findings show GMD ranged from 38–41 nm, increasing at night and during neutral events as reduced vertical motion and boundary layer contraction correlated with optical turbulence. An alternative GMD dataset, calculated by the …
Numerical Studies Of Semiclassical Light Storage Using The Coherent Atomic Transfer Function, Zachary T. Johnson
Numerical Studies Of Semiclassical Light Storage Using The Coherent Atomic Transfer Function, Zachary T. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Quantum communication through photons relies on photonic storage to preserve quantum states. However, when photons interact with matter, quantum information becomes distorted. A recently developed semi-classical analytical model predicts output light pulses from an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system. Using the predictions, the model known as the Coherent Atomic Transfer (CAT) Function, is capable of predicting the stored pulse or reconstructing the original pulse. Using numerical convolution and deconvolution with the CAT function as an analog of the point spread function of Fourier optics can provide insights on the effects of EIT storage on the retrieved pulse. Blind deconvolution is …
Transfer Efficiencies Of Surface-To-Surface Transport Of Micron-Sized Actinide Surrogate Particles, Austin R. Powell
Transfer Efficiencies Of Surface-To-Surface Transport Of Micron-Sized Actinide Surrogate Particles, Austin R. Powell
Theses and Dissertations
Particle effluent of varying sizes is released during routine activities within laboratory environments and these particles can come in contact with a wide range of surfaces. Particles of micron size or smaller can be especially pervasive and can transfer between multiple subsequent surfaces, leading to the progressive contamination of a laboratory. Understanding the transport dynamics of micron sized particles will help inform facility personnel of the possibility of contamination by these potentially hazardous materials of interest. In this research, the transfer efficiency of micron sized surrogate actinide particles (Europium-doped Gadolinium Oxysulfide (EGOS)) is measured for multiple materials, between two particle …
Characterization Of The Neutron Spectrum Produced By A Pulsed Power Generator, Daniel S. Godlasky
Characterization Of The Neutron Spectrum Produced By A Pulsed Power Generator, Daniel S. Godlasky
Theses and Dissertations
Neutron time-of-flight, activation foils, and spectral unfolding software were used to characterize the energy and fluence of the neutron spectrum created by the Gamble II pulsed power generator. Gamble II is a pulsed power generator that delivers a 1 MV to 2.2 MV and 800 kA electrical pulse peaking at 50 ns. This electrical release creates deuterium ions in the diode that are accelerated to a neutron converter covered with a novel lithium fluoride or deuterated polyethylene to create primarily 7Li(d,n) or D(d,n) and 12C(d,n) nuclear reactions. In October 2024, two D(d,n) shots occurred, and in November 2024, …
Measurements Of The Radioisotope Production Cross Section Of 193Ir(N,N')193mIr Between 0.5–9 Mev, Ronnie P. Rera
Measurements Of The Radioisotope Production Cross Section Of 193Ir(N,N')193mIr Between 0.5–9 Mev, Ronnie P. Rera
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis covers a measurements of the radioisotope production cross section of 193Ir(n,n′) 193mIr between 0.5–9 MeV is discussed. The experiment was performed at the University of Notre Dame St.ANA 5U accelerator laboratory. Experimental planning, data collection, analysis, results, and impacts are discussed.