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Articles 2971 - 3000 of 11509
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Air Combat Maneuvering Via Operations Research And Artificial Intelligence Methods, James B. Crumpacker
Air Combat Maneuvering Via Operations Research And Artificial Intelligence Methods, James B. Crumpacker
Theses and Dissertations
Within visual range air combat requires rapid, sequential decision-making to survive and defeat the adversary. Fighter pilots spend years perfecting maneuvers for these types of engagements, yet the emergence of unmanned, autonomous vehicle technologies elicits a natural question - can an autonomous unmanned combat aerial vehicle (AUCAV) be imbued with the necessary artificial intelligence to perform air combat maneuvering tasks independently? We formulate and solve the air combat maneuvering problem to examine this question, developing a Markov decision process model to control an AUCAV seeking to destroy a maneuvering adversarial vehicle. An approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach implementing neural network …
Re-Aerosolization Of Dense Metal Oxide Simulating Radiological Contamination From Military Clothing, Joseph M. Chapman
Re-Aerosolization Of Dense Metal Oxide Simulating Radiological Contamination From Military Clothing, Joseph M. Chapman
Theses and Dissertations
Radiological contamination from nuclear accidents or the terrorist use of a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) are events that first responders must be prepared for. It is currently assumed that removal of the victims clothing will remove 80-90 of contamination. Many RDD radioisotopes produce dense aerosols that would then contaminate victim clothing and re-aerosolize during clothing removal. A series of experiments were conducted during which clothing was contaminated with a dense aerosol simulating the radioisotope of Strontium 90. Compared to background, there was statistically significant re-aerosolization from the clothing. This demonstrates inhalation hazards from re-aerosolization of RDD contamination.
The Autonomous Attack Aviation Problem, John C. Goodwill
The Autonomous Attack Aviation Problem, John C. Goodwill
Theses and Dissertations
An autonomous unmanned combat aerial vehicle (AUCAV) performing an air-to-ground attack mission must make sequential targeting and routing decisions under uncertainty. We formulate a Markov decision process model of this autonomous attack aviation problem (A3P) and solve it using an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach. We develop an approximate policy iteration algorithm that implements a least squares temporal difference learning mechanism to solve the A3P. Basis functions are developed and tested for application within the ADP algorithm. The ADP policy is compared to a benchmark policy, the DROP policy, which is determined by repeatedly solving a deterministic orienteering problem as …
An Analysis Of Various Hydrogen Production Methods For Fleet Vehicle Fuel, Eugene J. Denezza Ii
An Analysis Of Various Hydrogen Production Methods For Fleet Vehicle Fuel, Eugene J. Denezza Ii
Theses and Dissertations
As conflict, the environment, and politics cause changes around the world, the United States Air Force is pursuing a diversification of drop-in and alternative fuel sources. Hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles are gaining popularity worldwide. Yet, how to best produce hydrogen gas still remains a question. This thesis will provide an overview of various hydrogen production methods and their respective environmental impacts, costs, efficiencies, and viability; and will perform sensitivity analysis to determine an optimal solution. The optimal production method is Thermolysis followed by Steam Reformation of Landfill or Natural Gas, Coal Gasification, and PEM Electrolysis. Based on varying requirements …
Bayesian Augmentation Of Cnn-Lstm For Video Classification With Uncertainty Measures, Emmie K. Swize
Bayesian Augmentation Of Cnn-Lstm For Video Classification With Uncertainty Measures, Emmie K. Swize
Theses and Dissertations
The success of Department of Defense (DoD) missions rely heavily on intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, which supply information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary. To secure this information, satellites and unmanned aircraft systems collect video data to be classified by either humans or machine learning networks. Traditional automated video classification methods lack measures of uncertainty, meaning the network is unable to identify those cases in which it predictions are made with significant uncertainty. This leads to misclassification, as the traditional network classifies each observation with same amount of certainty, no matter what the observation …
Utilizing Model Based Systems Engineering To Identify Safety Critical Functions In Airworthiness Certification, Jeffrey C. King
Utilizing Model Based Systems Engineering To Identify Safety Critical Functions In Airworthiness Certification, Jeffrey C. King
Theses and Dissertations
Modern aircraft are complex systems with numerous interacting hardware and software components. To minimize any safety mishaps during operations, new aircraft designs and modifications must go through an airworthiness certification. The current United States Air Force (USAF) airworthiness certification process, captured in MIL-HDBK-516C, is time-consuming and manpower intensive due to extensive documentation. To minimize inefficiencies of this document-based approach, this thesis examined model-based systems engineering (MBSE) to support Safety Critical Function (SCF) thread analysis against criteria found in Section 15 of MIL-HDBK-516C. Within this scope, the research identified an SCF domain-specific profile and style guide using the Systems Modeling Language …
A State-Based Model For Validating Autonomous Munition Behaviors, Dalton J. Miller
A State-Based Model For Validating Autonomous Munition Behaviors, Dalton J. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Autonomous munitions provide an opportunity for the Department of Defense (DoD) to extend the capabilities of operators in combat situations. However, there is also a need for a high level of trust in the effectiveness and accuracy of these systems. With the advent of model-based standards in autonomy and munitions, there is a need to implement these techniques toward an effective modeling and simulation (MS) capability. By leveraging modern MS tools such as Cameo Systems Modeler and the DoD's Advanced Framework for Simulation, Integration, and Modeling (AFSIM), this thesis proposes a framework for simulating complex autonomy architectures within high fidelity …
Data- Driven Asset Degradation Modeling: An Enterprise-Wide Roof System Case Study, Kurt R. Lamm
Data- Driven Asset Degradation Modeling: An Enterprise-Wide Roof System Case Study, Kurt R. Lamm
Theses and Dissertations
Organizations with large facility and infrastructure portfolios have used asset management databases for over ten years to collect and standardize asset condition data. Decision makers use this data to predict asset degradation and expected service life, enabling prioritized maintenance, repair, and renovation actions that reduce asset life-cycle costs and achieve organizational objectives. However, these asset condition forecasts are calculated using standardized, self-correcting distribution models that rely on continuous functions. This research presents four step wise asset condition forecast models that utilize historical asset inspection data to improve prediction accuracy: (1) Slope, (2) Weighted Slope, (3) Condition-intelligent Weighted Slope, and (4) …
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Afwerx Ability To Influence Regional Participation Rates And Capture Cluster Specific Technological Innovations, Colin M. Sandor
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Afwerx Ability To Influence Regional Participation Rates And Capture Cluster Specific Technological Innovations, Colin M. Sandor
Theses and Dissertations
The 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) emphasized capturing innovation through partnerships with non-traditional defense contractors. Furthermore, the NDS outlined the need to rapidly acquire new technologies to maintain a competitive advantage against our adversaries. The AFWERX program is the Air Forces attempt to accomplish these goals. AFWERX seeks to capture innovations occurring within the private sector of the United States by placing itself geographically within top innovation ecosystems. An approach that creates a setting where the Air Force is one of many investors, who benefit from the learning and investments across the entire network. The research within this paper examines …
Hazard Mapping For Infrastructure Planning In The Arctic, Christopher I. Amaddio
Hazard Mapping For Infrastructure Planning In The Arctic, Christopher I. Amaddio
Theses and Dissertations
Using modern high-resolution aerial photographs, LiDAR, historical aerial photographs, and facility data, a hazard mapping effort identified risks to infrastructure at Thule Air Base, Greenland, based on visible terrain features, surface hydrology, and slope; the distribution of these risks were then compared to existing foundation damage. The analysis indicated abundant and widespread geotechnical hazards at Thule Air Base and a weak relationship to existing foundation damage that requires more research to understand. The resulting hazard maps provide a critical tool for risk assessment and planning as well as a model for other locations to follow.
Design And Analysis Of Air-Stiffened Vacuum Lighter-Than-Air Structures, Ruben Adorno-Rodriguez
Design And Analysis Of Air-Stiffened Vacuum Lighter-Than-Air Structures, Ruben Adorno-Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
Lighter-than-air (LTA) systems have been developed for numerous applications and have taken several forms. Airships, aerostats, blimps, and balloons are all part of this family of systems, which uses Archimedes principle to achieve neutral and positive buoyancy in air by replacing an air volume with LTA gases. These lifting gases stiffen the otherwise compliant envelope structures, allowing them to sustain the pressure difference brought by the displaced air. The compliance of these structures is a byproduct of the weight requirement, materials and geometrical arrangement of which these structures are built from, typically resulting in dimensionalities that exhibit low or virtually …
A Decision-Support System For The Deployment Tasking Process Of U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Officers, Kenneth A. Neal
A Decision-Support System For The Deployment Tasking Process Of U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Officers, Kenneth A. Neal
Theses and Dissertations
The Armed Forces frequently deploy their personnel to expeditionary locations around the world. For example, the Air Force tasks its personnel to deploy based on a six-month rotational cycle. In the current tasking process, the deployment makes its way down from combatant commanders to squadron commanders through the chain of command. The commander then has a few days to select an individual from their unit to fill the tasking. The commander may consider an individuals’ dwell time, home-station position, and upcoming significant life events; however, because commanders have little time and information, minimum requirements selection criteria often become the driving …
Cislunar Debris Propagation Following A Catastrophic Spacecraft Mishap, Nathan R. Boone
Cislunar Debris Propagation Following A Catastrophic Spacecraft Mishap, Nathan R. Boone
Theses and Dissertations
This research involves theoretical analysis of the short- and long-term motion of space debris in cislunar trajectories following a spacecraft catastrophic mishap. Specifically, the research formulates a debris propagation model using four-body dynamics and determines debris trajectories following breakup events for a variety of different initial orbital positions. A spacecraft survivability model is then used to quantify the risks from the debris to other cislunar spacecraft. First, a study of the risks due to natural debris comprising the Kordylewski clouds at the Earth-Moon ��4 and ��5 Lagrange points is conducted as an introduction to cislunar debris propagation. Next, …
Decision Model For Additive Versus Conventional Construction In Remote Locations, Matthew R. Nicholson
Decision Model For Additive Versus Conventional Construction In Remote Locations, Matthew R. Nicholson
Theses and Dissertations
Additive construction is a potential game changing innovative alternative to conventional methods with regards to structural integrity, timeliness, and waste reduction, especially in remote locations. While there have been numerous studies into the material science, additive construction will not be a viable alternative until a cost analysis is performed. This paper details the cost elements for both methods. Breaking down the key variables of material, logistics and transportation, and labor costs garner a better understanding of the cost difference between the two construction methods.
Cubesat Attitude Determination And Control System (Adacs) Characterization And Testing For Rendezvous And Proximity Operations (Rpo), Steven T. Bednarski
Cubesat Attitude Determination And Control System (Adacs) Characterization And Testing For Rendezvous And Proximity Operations (Rpo), Steven T. Bednarski
Theses and Dissertations
This research endeavors to evaluate and characterize the performance of CubeSat specific commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Attitude Determination and Control Systems (ADACS) for Mission suitability. To ensure COTS components are capable of meeting CubeSat mission requirements, deliberate performance testing of critical CubeSat subsystems in flight-like conditions is essential. This effort focuses on testing the MAI-401 ADACS subsystem as configured to support the Grissom-1 CubeSat mission, as mounted to an air bearing, residing within a 3-axis Helmholtz Cage, and subjected to a simulated magnetic environment of various orbital parameters.
Scaling Gas Turbine Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness Through Simultaneous Matching Of Momentum Flux Ratio And Advective Capacity Ratio, Evan C. Glowiak
Scaling Gas Turbine Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness Through Simultaneous Matching Of Momentum Flux Ratio And Advective Capacity Ratio, Evan C. Glowiak
Theses and Dissertations
The study of gas turbine engine performance improvement requires extracting usable work from the hot section turbine. To prevent heat damage to turbine blades, film cooling is employed. Low temperature tests are conducted at ambient pressure on scale models to analyze the effects of gas flow parameters on scaling adiabatic effectiveness at easily repeatable conditions. This research aims to determine how matching coolant flow rate parameters Momentum Flux Ratio (I) and Advective Capacity Ratio (ACR) can scale adiabatic effectiveness on flat plate and leading edge geometries between air and carbon dioxide gas. Results indicate improvement in scaling adiabatic effectiveness when …
Static Fatigue Of Hi-Nicalon S Fiber Tows At 500°C In Air And In Silicic Acid-Saturated Steam, Richard J. Reinink
Static Fatigue Of Hi-Nicalon S Fiber Tows At 500°C In Air And In Silicic Acid-Saturated Steam, Richard J. Reinink
Theses and Dissertations
Recent developments in aerospace propulsion systems, along with emerging interest in hypersonic air vehicles has emphasized the need for materials which can withstand extreme service environments. The leading candidates for the structural components expected to operate in these environments are SiC-based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). When a CMC component is subjected to thermomechanical loads in an aggressive environment during service, surface cracks form. As steam penetrates cracks in the SiC matrix, it becomes saturated with silicic acid, (SI(OH)4) and attacks the SiC fibers. The interaction between the Hi-Nicalon™ S SiC fibers and the (SI(OH)4)-saturated steam is …
Cubesat Development Framework, William D. Sousa
Cubesat Development Framework, William D. Sousa
Theses and Dissertations
AFITs Center for Space Research and Assurance (CSRA) has developed several small satellites without a detailed developmental framework in place but future work will focus on CubeSat development with the intent of managing multiple builds concurrently. With the goal of each satellite being completed in three years, a comprehensive process needs to be established. Research revealed that the Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Air Force (USAF), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) guidance on the acquisition and systems engineering processes require more reviews and deliverables than appropriate for CSRAs projects. The development processes from other universities divulge some aspects …
A Reduced Order Model Of The Celestial Icosahedron As The Substructure For A Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Torin C. Quick
A Reduced Order Model Of The Celestial Icosahedron As The Substructure For A Lighter Than Air Vehicle, Torin C. Quick
Theses and Dissertations
A finite element approach was used to investigate a novel reduced order model to determine the minimum structure dimensionality to support vacuum for a VLTAV. This modeling technique represented the individual segments of the substructure as curved beams with clamped radially-resisted boundary conditions. The full structure was then modeled as a bare structure and structure with skin to validate the results of the reduced order model. The beam geometry for the material Ultem 9085 was determined through this process leading to the 3-D printing of the structure. It was then experimentally tested under uniaxial compression complimented with a FEA model.
Satellite Tracking With Neuromorphic Cameras For Space Domain Awareness, Joseph G. Bacon Jr.
Satellite Tracking With Neuromorphic Cameras For Space Domain Awareness, Joseph G. Bacon Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
A significant number of objects orbit the space around Earth. Each of these objects, be it debris, a functioning satellite, or even a staffed space station, circle the planet at extreme speeds relative to most objects on the Earth's surface. Any collision would result in disaster thanks to the extreme amount of kinetic energy involved. Space Domain Awareness (SDA) includes the detection, identification, cataloging, and tracking of orbiting objects to prevent such catastrophes. SDA is maintained in multiple ways to include radar, lidar, telescopes, and other sensors. This research investigates the maturing technology of neuromorphic cameras to determine their applicability …
Applied Reachability Analysis For Time-Optimal Spacecraft Attitude Reorientations, Layne C. Barrett
Applied Reachability Analysis For Time-Optimal Spacecraft Attitude Reorientations, Layne C. Barrett
Theses and Dissertations
Satellite attitude reorientation has been of significant interest in astronautical engineering, and being able to reorient in a time-optimal manner has been of exceeding interest since the 1970s. Ensuring a spacecraft mission set can be conducted within a certain amount of time begs the question of whether or not a certain maneuver can be completed with a bounded control. This thesis answers that question by using the concept of reachability to provide reachable sets for different spacecraft reorientation scenarios. The reachable sets generated provide a range of initial states that guarantee a satellite reach a desired end orientation given a …
Simulating A Mobile Wireless Sensor Network Monitoring The Air Force Marathon, Matthew D. Eilertson
Simulating A Mobile Wireless Sensor Network Monitoring The Air Force Marathon, Matthew D. Eilertson
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the feasibility of deploying a mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to the Air Force (AF) Marathon in support of Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) research of sensor and networking infrastructure in denied or degraded environments. A simulation called MarathonSim is developed in the Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++ (OMNeT++) Discrete Event Simulator to test the performance of a mobile WSN. A full factorial design using numbers of runners, transmission powers, and routing protocols is executed to measure Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) to a central database, average end-to-end delay of application packets, and average power consumed per …
The Impact Of Threat Levels At The Casualty Collection Point On Military Medical Evacuation System Performance, Nathaniel C. Dennie
The Impact Of Threat Levels At The Casualty Collection Point On Military Medical Evacuation System Performance, Nathaniel C. Dennie
Theses and Dissertations
One of the primary duties of the Military Health System is to provide effective and efficient medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) to injured battlefield personnel. To accomplish this, military medical planners seek to develop high-quality dispatching policies that dictate how deployed MEDEVAC assets are utilized throughout combat operations. This thesis seeks to determine dispatching policies that improve the performance of the MEDEVAC system. A discounted, infinite-horizon continuous-time Markov decision process (MDP) model is developed to examine the MEDEVAC dispatching problem. The model incorporates problem features that are not considered under the current dispatching policy (e.g., myopic policy), which tasks the closest-available MEDEVAC …
Remote Monitoring Of Memory Data Structures For Malware Detection In A Talos Ii Architecture, Robert A. Willburn
Remote Monitoring Of Memory Data Structures For Malware Detection In A Talos Ii Architecture, Robert A. Willburn
Theses and Dissertations
New forms of malware, namely xC;leless malware and rootkits, pose a threat to traditional anti-malware. In particular, Rootkits have the capacity to obscure the present state of memory from the user space of a target machine. If thishappens, anti-malware running in the user space of an axB;ected machine cannot be trusted to operate properly. To combat this threat, this research proposes the remote monitoring of memory from a second, secure processor runningOpenBMC, serving as a baseboard management controller for a POWER9 processor, which is assumed vulnerable to exploitation. The baseboard management controller includes an application called pdbg, used for debugging …
The Effect Of Molar Peroxide Ratio On The Oxidation Of Bisphenol A In An Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode/Hydrogen Peroxide Advanced Oxidation Process, Megan C. Shade
Theses and Dissertations
Bisphenol A is a compound widely used in industry that is detrimental to human health and ecological systems. Ultraviolet light emitting diodes and hydrogen peroxide can be combined t produces hydroxyl radicals. These highly reactive radicals have the potential to degrade contaminants in water. This research utilized 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000:1 H2O2:BPA molar ratios for analysis. These results illustrated that the reactions at the 50, 100, and 250:1 ratios were hydrogenperoxide limited. The 1000:1 results exhibited evidence of radical scavenging that limited the degradation of BPA.
Optimizing Design Parameters For Active Flow Control Boundary-Layer Fence Performance Enhancement On A Delta Wing, Nathan L. Tedder
Optimizing Design Parameters For Active Flow Control Boundary-Layer Fence Performance Enhancement On A Delta Wing, Nathan L. Tedder
Theses and Dissertations
Utilizing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations, the presented study is able to further the investigation of replicating and improving upon the performance of a NACA 0012 cropped half-span delta-wing at high angles-of-attack with an active flow control fluidic fence via wall-normal, steady blowing from an optimized single chordwise slot located at z/b = 70%,. The data is generated using CREATE-AV Kestrel v10.1rc5 CFD software on the Department of Defense High Performance Computing systems. The flight regime is held constant at a Mach number of 0.18 and a Reynolds number (Re) of 5.0 x 105, based on the root …
Using Motion Capture And Augmented Reality To Test Aar With Boom Occlusion, Vincent J. Bownes
Using Motion Capture And Augmented Reality To Test Aar With Boom Occlusion, Vincent J. Bownes
Theses and Dissertations
The operational capability of drones is limited by their inability to perform aerial refueling. This can be overcome by automating the process with a computer vision solution. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of automated aerial refueling (AAR) in simulation. To progress this technique to the real world, this thesis conducts experiments using real images of a physical aircraft replica and a motion capture system for truth data. It also compares the error between the real and virtual experiments to validate the fidelity of the simulation. Results indicate that the current technique is effective on real images and that the …
Investigating Manufacturer Selection Decisions For Built Infrastructure Assets Using A Technical Performance Metric, Sarah L. Brown
Investigating Manufacturer Selection Decisions For Built Infrastructure Assets Using A Technical Performance Metric, Sarah L. Brown
Theses and Dissertations
Facility and built infrastructure asset management are necessary functions of any organization that utilizes buildings to operate their businesses. However, most organizations require facility managers to ensure the successful operation of their assets without providing sufficient resources to accomplish this task. Therefore, in resource-scarce environments, facility managers require data-driven solutions to manage their assets and make the best decisions. Facility managers need novel solutions to help make asset life-cycle decisions. This research provides such a solution. Capitalizing on available data, a technical performance metric is created, allowing facility managers to calculate their assets' operational performance. This performance metric provides a …
The Utility Of Modeling An Enterprise Architecture For Air Force Digital Transformation, Mark W. Kassan
The Utility Of Modeling An Enterprise Architecture For Air Force Digital Transformation, Mark W. Kassan
Theses and Dissertations
The Air Force Materiel Command is undergoing a digital transformation to increase the speed of delivering new warfighter capabilities. This Digital Campaign consists of six Lines of Effort (LOEs) formed with diverse goals to transform the enterprise. This research investigated using the Zachman Framework and Systems Modeling Language to analyze this transformation. Extensive modeling captured the as-is Preliminary Design Review (PDR) process, and mapped LOE goals as primary impacts to Zachman cells. This led to an identification of a to-be digital PDR process. Secondary affected cells were then traced following a relationship analysis. Four discoveries were made. (1) Enterprise modeling …
Safe Spacecraft Rendezvous And Proximity Operations Via Reachability Analysis, Paul A. Grossi
Safe Spacecraft Rendezvous And Proximity Operations Via Reachability Analysis, Paul A. Grossi
Theses and Dissertations
The rapid expansion of the utilization of space by nations and industry has presented new challenges and opportunities to operate efficiently and responsibly. Reachability analysis is the process of computing the set of states that can be reached given all admissible controls and can be a valuable component in an autonomous mission planning system if conducted efficiently. In the current research, reachability analysis is used with several relative motion models to show that all ranges of orbits can be computed in milliseconds, and that it is a feasible approach for on-board autonomous mission planning. Reachability analysis is then combined with …