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Articles 1381 - 1410 of 11503
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Rational Design Of Complex Oxides By Understanding Structure-Property Relationships For Energy Applications, Gene Yang
Theses and Dissertations
Developing novel energy materials is a key step toward satisfying the needs for next-generation energy conversion and storage devices. Complex oxides are widely used in many energy technologies owing to their fascinating properties, including electrocatalytic activity, and ionic and electronic conductivity. In particular, oxides in thin film form yield many intriguing physicochemical properties that are unattainable in bulk oxides and thus have become critical to improving the performance of many energy devices, such as fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, and thermoelectric devices. This thesis is centered on designing oxide thin films and nanostructures via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) based on …
Engineering Hybrid Colloidal Systems Formed By Charge-Driven Assembly Between Spherical Soft Nanoparticles And Discotic Nanoplatelets, Gelareh Rezvan
Engineering Hybrid Colloidal Systems Formed By Charge-Driven Assembly Between Spherical Soft Nanoparticles And Discotic Nanoplatelets, Gelareh Rezvan
Theses and Dissertations
Soft matter, a fascinating class of materials, holds a paramount significance in the realm of material design and engineering. Within this broad category, colloidal gels with their unique characteristics have drawn tremendous attention in a variety of applications, spanning from biomedical engineering to oil and gas recovery. Meeting the specific requirements and criteria of these diverse fields necessitates the development of colloidal gels with highly tunable properties to optimize their performance for a wide range of applications. Hence, both scientific and industrial advancement call for more control over the gel properties by exploring novel practical parameters. This dissertation describes an …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Electrode Materials Of Solid Oxide Cells For Energy Conversion And Storage, Haixia Li
Theses and Dissertations
Solid oxide cells (SOCs) can directly convert chemical energy to electricity in the fuel cell mode and store electricity to chemicals in the electrolysis mode. However, there are still critical barriers, such as energy efficiency and durability, for developing and commercializing SOCs. This dissertation aims to design electrode materials and optimize the cell fabrication process to address the critical barriers for SOCs in energy conversion and energy storage applications. Therefore, one primary focus of the dissertation is to develop robust fuel electrode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with improved sulfur tolerance. In addition, the design of novel fuel …
Wide View And Line Filter For Enhanced Image Gradient Computation And Edge Determination, Luke Bagan
Wide View And Line Filter For Enhanced Image Gradient Computation And Edge Determination, Luke Bagan
Theses and Dissertations
Edge determination is a challenging yet crucial step in the object detection process for images. It is the first in a multi-step process, serving as the foundation for all subsequent operations. Its accuracy directly affects the success of any future processing techniques and final detection. The challenge of edge detection is derived from a variety of factors, including noise, image sharpness, orientation, empirical parameters, and computational complexity. Many traditional kernel-based operators excel at tackling one of these problems, but trade off their ability to handle others. For example, the popular Sobel operator uses a horizontal and vertical constant high-pass kernel. …
Circularly-Shifted Chirps For Triple Functionality: Communications, Radar, And Computation, Safi Shams Muhtasimul Hoque
Circularly-Shifted Chirps For Triple Functionality: Communications, Radar, And Computation, Safi Shams Muhtasimul Hoque
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation presents circularly-shifted chirps (CSCs), synthesized within orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) framework, as a novel solution for integrating radar, communication, and computation functionalities to a wireless network. Firstly, {index modulation (IM)} with circularly-shifted chirps (CSCs) (CSC-IM) for dual-function radar and communication (DFRC) system is discussed. The proposed scheme encodes the information bits with the CSC indices and the phase-shift keying (PSK) symbols. It allows the receiver to exploit the frequency selectivity naturally in fading channels by combining IM and wideband CSCs. It also leverages the fact that a CSC is a constant-envelope signal to achieve a controllable peak-to-mean …
Harnessing Surrogate Modeling And Machine Learning For Management Of Water Resources And Environmental Systems, Mahdi Erfani
Harnessing Surrogate Modeling And Machine Learning For Management Of Water Resources And Environmental Systems, Mahdi Erfani
Theses and Dissertations
In a world characterized by increasing and more frequent climate extreme events, population growth, and limited opportunities for infrastructural expansion, the imperative for more efficient and resilient planning, design, and operation of water resources and environmental systems has never been more apparent. Moreover, the emergence of high-dimensional data and the demand for quick and informed decision-making have created a critical challenge for the operation and management of these systems. To address these issues effectively, the ability to rapidly grasp and accelerate the analysis of this data is paramount, and this necessitates the innovative use of machine learning and surrogate modeling …
Field And Laboratory Characterization Of Subgrade Resilient Modulus For The Aashtoware Pavement Me, Kazi Moninul Islam
Field And Laboratory Characterization Of Subgrade Resilient Modulus For The Aashtoware Pavement Me, Kazi Moninul Islam
Theses and Dissertations
The new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) uses the subgrade resilient modulus (MR) as the key input parameter to represent the subgrade soil behavior for pavement design. This research focused on field and laboratory characterization of subgrade resilient modulus assessing the effects of predicted distresses and IRI on the flexible pavement. The results of this study are presented in the form of three chapters and peer-reviewed journal manuscripts. Firstly (Chapter 3), MR was obtained indirectly from Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) data using a back-calculation tool (i.e., SCDOT, BAKFAA, and AASHTOWare 2017) or from empirical correlations with soil index properties. MR …
Heterogeneous Catalyst Design For Biomass Conversion, Dia Sahsah
Heterogeneous Catalyst Design For Biomass Conversion, Dia Sahsah
Theses and Dissertations
Catalytic upgrading of bio-based feedstocks to commodity chemicals and fuels is pivotal to a more sustainable, renewable, and environmentally benign chemical economy. However, due to the high oxygen content, high water solubility, excessive reactivity, and thermal instability, typical and well-developed catalytic material and reactor processes reliably utilized in conventional petrochemical industry are, in general, not suitable for the processing of biomass feedstocks. Therefore, the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts is necessary in order to design new high-performance catalytic reactor systems. However, rational catalyst design is a multifaceted problem, and a myriad of factors influencing the catalytic performance at the reactor …
Robust Deep Learning Models For Multi-Label Image Classification In Limited And Free Annotation Scenarios, Rabab Ezzeldin Rabie Abdelfattah
Robust Deep Learning Models For Multi-Label Image Classification In Limited And Free Annotation Scenarios, Rabab Ezzeldin Rabie Abdelfattah
Theses and Dissertations
This proposal introduces various methods for tackling the challenge of multi-label image classification in different scenarios, including partial labels and free-annotation settings. Multi-label image classification is typically formulated as a partial-label learning problem because it can be expensive to annotate all labels in every training image. Existing partial-label learning approaches typically focus on annotating each training image with only a subset of its labels, including a special case of annotating only one positive label per image. To further alleviate the annotation burden and improve classifier performance, this proposal introduces a new partial-label setting where only a subset of training images …
Evaluation Of The Dynamic Response Of Gravelly Soil Under Different Drainage Conditions, Pressley Margaret Perry
Evaluation Of The Dynamic Response Of Gravelly Soil Under Different Drainage Conditions, Pressley Margaret Perry
Theses and Dissertations
Throughout history in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering, there have been numerous experimental investigations on the dynamic behavior of soils. Many of these efforts have been focused on sand and silty sand material due to their susceptibility to liquefaction phenomena. However, gravelly soil material (i.e., soil in which gradation contains primarily gravel and sand) has exhibited this phenomenon in response to earthquake loading in many case histories. Therefore, it is important to extend the experimental assessment of gravelly soil material to develop a better understanding of the cyclic response and to support the development of numerical models. This study …
Channel Morphology Of A Leaky Coastal Plain River: The Congaree River, Sc 1884-2022, William Nicholas Logan
Channel Morphology Of A Leaky Coastal Plain River: The Congaree River, Sc 1884-2022, William Nicholas Logan
Theses and Dissertations
Downstream changes in river planform can be associated with changes in geologic controls and often signal changes in channel geometry, bed slope, or bed material grain size. While previous studies documented downstream trends in channel geometry and planform for a variety of rivers, there is a gap in the literature on spatial and temporal trends in channel geometry on the fluvial part of Coastal Plain rivers, i.e., the not-tidally influenced part. The literature highlights the existence of crevasse splays in natural levees that allow floodplain inundation below bankfull conditions as unique feature of channels and floodplains in the Coastal Plain. …
Structure Property Performance Of Ti3c2 Mxene/Polyelectrolyte Hybrids For Electronic And Electromagnetic Applications, Farivash Gholamirad
Structure Property Performance Of Ti3c2 Mxene/Polyelectrolyte Hybrids For Electronic And Electromagnetic Applications, Farivash Gholamirad
Theses and Dissertations
Hybrid materials based on transition metal carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets have great potential for electronic, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and environmental applications due to the unique combination of considerable electrical conductivity of 4000 to 15000 S.cm-1, abundant surface functional groups (OH, O, F, Cl), and suitable mechanical properties. However, the performance of final products depends not only on the properties of constituent components but also on the morphology of the assembly. The strong repulsive electrical double layer forces among MXene nanosheets make control over their assembly morphology and final properties challenging. To address this challenge, this dissertation focuses on applying …
Leveraging Inflammatory Responses Toward Advancing Alzheimer’S Disease Treatments And Biomaterial Implantation, Mihyun Lim Waugh
Leveraging Inflammatory Responses Toward Advancing Alzheimer’S Disease Treatments And Biomaterial Implantation, Mihyun Lim Waugh
Theses and Dissertations
Inflammation is a body’s physiological response to pathogens, foreign materials, or tissue injury. When immune system is triggered, activated leukocytes produce cytokines and chemokines that promote migration of neutrophils and macrophages to the inflammatory regions. At early stages of injury, acute inflammation occurs immediately to fight off the pathogens and restore tissues to homeostasis. However, if the inflammation-inducing stimulus is not removed and thus cells and tissues do not return to its homeostatic state, the prolonged inflammatory responses become a chronic condition. Recent studies have indicated that the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), a key receptor of innate immune …
Uav-Deployable Sensing Network For Rapid Structural Health Monitoring, Joud Satme
Uav-Deployable Sensing Network For Rapid Structural Health Monitoring, Joud Satme
Theses and Dissertations
Natural disasters and extreme weather events pose significant threats to the structural integrity and safety of civil and environmental infrastructure. In this context, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) emerges as a pivotal discipline, intersecting engineering, technology, and disaster resilience. SHM's mission is to provide real-time, data-driven insights into the condition of critical infrastructure, encompassing bridges, buildings, dams, and transportation networks. These systems not only expedite assessment, but also wield substantial influence in mitigating catastrophic disasters. As the frequency and intensity of extreme weather conditions escalate due to climate change, the need for robust and proactive SHM strategies becomes increasingly apparent. Moreover, …
Uncertainty Quantification And Constraint Of Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms Based On Flow Reactor Experiments, Ana Victoria Kock
Uncertainty Quantification And Constraint Of Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms Based On Flow Reactor Experiments, Ana Victoria Kock
Theses and Dissertations
The chemical kinetic model is one of key sub-models for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for optimizing and designing various combustors/engines. Detailed chemical kinetic models can consist of hundreds of species and thousands of elementary reaction steps. Considering the complexity in these detailed chemical kinetic models, it is important to quantify and minimize the uncertainties in the kinetic parameters. The uncertainties in the kinetic models can then be compared to uncertainties tied to experimental measurements. This approach has been frequently applied for relatively simple combustion parameters (e.g., laminar flame speed, ignition delay time), however it has not been well utilized …
Novel Approach To In-Situ Mocvd Oxide/Dielectric Deposition For Iii-Nitride-Based Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors, Samiul Hasan
Novel Approach To In-Situ Mocvd Oxide/Dielectric Deposition For Iii-Nitride-Based Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors, Samiul Hasan
Theses and Dissertations
III-Nitride-based compound semiconductors have unique properties such as high bandgap and high breakdown field, which make them attractive for a variety of applications, including high-power and high-frequency electronics and optoelectronics. The most common types of III-Nitride-based field effect transistors (FETs) are aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN)/gallium nitride (GaN) based, which suffer from some inherent problems such as virtual gate effect, current collapse, gate leakage, etc. The solution to this problem can be the inclusion of a dielectric passivation layer under the gate. However, the addition of the dielectric layer impacts one of the most critical device-controlling parameters, “threshold voltage”, which suffers …
Insights Into Supported Metal Catalyst Sintering And Their Application For Bio-Oil And Crude Oil Upgradation, Md Fakhruddin Patwary
Insights Into Supported Metal Catalyst Sintering And Their Application For Bio-Oil And Crude Oil Upgradation, Md Fakhruddin Patwary
Theses and Dissertations
Typical heterogeneous catalysts consist of transition metal nanoparticles anchored against sintering on an inert, porous, high temperature stable support. The synthesis of supported catalyst involves pretreatment (drying, reduction) of deposited, ionic metal precursor complexes to form metal nanoparticles. In the first part of this work, we aim to understand the influence of pretreatment (reduction temperature, heating rate, moisture content) on final particle size. Supported nanoparticles of Pt and Pd were synthesized by strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) and dry impregnation (DI). Reduced samples were characterized by in-situ and ex-situ XRD and STEM. The DI-derived samples generally showed an expected increase of …
Floodplain And In-Channel Sedimentation In The Bedrock Congaree River, Sc, Mahsa Ahmadpoor
Floodplain And In-Channel Sedimentation In The Bedrock Congaree River, Sc, Mahsa Ahmadpoor
Theses and Dissertations
The Congaree River planform is characterized by an abrupt increase in channel sinuosity in the downstream direction. Such a change is not typical of alluvial meandering rivers but has been observed in mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers. This motivated the first study of this dissertation, specifically designed to determine if the Congaree River is indeed a mixed bedrock-alluvial river in its low sinuosity (upstream) reach. To test this hypothesis, sonar-based measurements of channel bed and sublayer elevation were performed from Columbia to the Congaree River-Wateree River confluence. The sublayer is here defined as the first surface visible in the sonar measurements underneath …
Investigation Of Discrepancies In South Carolina Traffic Collision Forms, Jackson Wegmet
Investigation Of Discrepancies In South Carolina Traffic Collision Forms, Jackson Wegmet
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this thesis is to improve the accuracy of information recorded in the South Carolina traffic collision forms. To accomplish this, it examines 200 forms containing information about fatal crashes in work zones between 2014 and 2020 to determine how many discrepancies exist between the written narrative and other fields. In addition to obtaining these statistics, this thesis seeks to identify factors that influence discrepancies. To test the hypothesis that crash complexity and weather influence the investigating officer’s level of processing (a theory developed by Craik and Lockhart in 1972), and consequentially his/her ability to complete the traffic …
Particle-Free High Spatial Resolution Velocimetry For Slip Flow Detection, Malhar Prasad Joshi
Particle-Free High Spatial Resolution Velocimetry For Slip Flow Detection, Malhar Prasad Joshi
Theses and Dissertations
Microfluidic systems have a wide range of applications, including biomedical devices, lab-on-a-chip technologies, and aerospace propulsion. Understanding and quantifying the slip flow phenomenon in these microscale and nanoscale channels is of paramount importance for precise control and optimization of fluidic processes. Our study presents a novel approach to directly measure the velocities in a microchannel using Laser Induced Fluorescence Photobleaching Anemometer (LIFPA) and Travel Time After Photobleaching Velocimetry (TTAPV). In this experimental study, microchannels with micrometer dimensions were used, and slip flow conditions controlled. The LIFPA-TTAPV approach was applied to measure slip velocities in the near wall regime, providing accurate …
Probabilistic Cable Aging Diagnosis And Prognosis With Reflectometry And Capacitance Methods, Xuan Wang
Probabilistic Cable Aging Diagnosis And Prognosis With Reflectometry And Capacitance Methods, Xuan Wang
Theses and Dissertations
Safe and reliable operation of power plants and power transmission are critical to economy and society. Cables in power generation and transmission are subject to various thermal, chemical, and mechanical stresses, which generally lead to aging and degradation of cable insulation. It is reported that some cables with a projected lifetime of 40 years need to be replaced in 10-15 years. Poorly maintained aged cables can adversely affect power delivery and lead to catastrophic events, such as blackout, fires, and loss of lives. The current research on cable is mainly focused on the detection and localization of hard faults, which …
Real-Time Edge Computing For Autonomous Systems, Junlin Ou
Real-Time Edge Computing For Autonomous Systems, Junlin Ou
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents systematic studies and algorithmic and hardware development to enable real-time edge computing for autonomous systems, in particular, for robot path planning and localization applications. First, a low-cost, indoor, multi-camera positioning system is proposed to localize ground robots using the ArUco marker. In this system, the normalized coordinates of the marker processed by OpenCV are utilized to calculate the camera coordinates. Data-driven models are developed to establish a mapping relationship between the camera coordinates and the world coordinates of the marker. Fifty data pairs of the camera and world coordinate systems within one camera view (150 pairs in …
Material Development And Optimization Of Solid Oxide Cells For Energy Conversion And Storage, Wanhua Wang
Material Development And Optimization Of Solid Oxide Cells For Energy Conversion And Storage, Wanhua Wang
Theses and Dissertations
There has been an increasing interest in clean and renewable energy generation for highlighted energy and environmental concerns. Solid oxide cell (SOC) has been considered as one of the most promising technologies since it can convert chemical energy to electricity in the fuel cell mode and store electricity to chemicals in the electrolysis mode. The present work is devoted to materials development in both oxygen ion conducting SOC (O-SOC) and proton conducting SOC (P-SOC). The objective of this study is to design and optimize the electrolyte and electrode materials for SOC in energy conversion and energy storage applications. One major …
Acoustic-Emission Monitoring Of Lap Joint Fatigue Cracks, Siddharth Kannan
Acoustic-Emission Monitoring Of Lap Joint Fatigue Cracks, Siddharth Kannan
Theses and Dissertations
Structural integrity is a pivotal consideration in the field of engineering applications, and understanding the behavior of materials and joints under various loading conditions is critical. This thesis presents a novel approach to detect and analyze fatigue induced cracks in various test specimens using Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors. This approach is widely used in Structural Health Monitoring applications involving acoustic emissions that can be captured using PWAS which in turn gives the surface response to applied stresses. The ultimate goal of the research is to identify the length of a fatigue crack originating from lap joints and to develop a …
A Globalized Optimization Schema For Automated Fiber Placement Processing Parameters, Matthew John Godbold
A Globalized Optimization Schema For Automated Fiber Placement Processing Parameters, Matthew John Godbold
Theses and Dissertations
Automated Fiber Placement is an advanced manufacturing technique for industrial-scale composite structures. Advanced robotics coupled with composite manufacturing results in faster and more consistent results than previously obtained through hand layup. The complexity and interconnectedness of the automated fiber placement process provides a difficult challenge for traditional modeling techniques. Modeling within automated fiber placement currently utilizes physics-based modeling to inform the translation of a design to a manufacturing plan. The intricacy of the automated fiber placement process dictates that attempts at modeling or optimizing these processes are often limited in their scope. Physics-based modeling for manufacturing typically involves numerous interacting …
Vulnerable Road User Safety: Data Collection, Analysis, And Countermeasures, Anahita Kakhani
Vulnerable Road User Safety: Data Collection, Analysis, And Countermeasures, Anahita Kakhani
Theses and Dissertations
The safety of pedestrians and bicyclists (vulnerable road users) has become a paramount global concern, especially with a 53% and 31% surge in related crashes over the past decade in the U.S. Despite transportation agencies implementing various safety measures to address this issue, the number of severe injuries among these road users continues to climb annually. This underscores the urgent need for innovative methodologies and technologies to pinpoint the factors compromising their safety. To do so, this study aimed to introduce and employ techniques and countermeasures to gain deeper insight into risks faced by vulnerable road users. This study includes …
Advanced Processing Techniques For Electrospun Nanofibers: Investigating Annealing And Laser Zone-Drawing Effects On Material Characteristics, Matthew D. Flamini
Advanced Processing Techniques For Electrospun Nanofibers: Investigating Annealing And Laser Zone-Drawing Effects On Material Characteristics, Matthew D. Flamini
Theses and Dissertations
Electrospun nanofibers hold potential for a wide range of commercial and scientific applications; however, their properties must be optimized through post-processing treatments to achieve optimal performance. This dissertation investigates the effects of annealing and laser zone-drawing on electrospun nanofiber properties. Annealing polycaprolactone nanofibers at 70°C results in the highest rate of crystallization and molecular alignment, impacting long-term stability and mechanical properties. A multivariate linear model incorporating crystallinity and molecular alignment predicts the material properties resulting from annealing under different conditions. Laser zone-drawing experiments reveal that polylactide fiber thinning under laser irradiation primarily occurs due to drawing rather than ablation. Steady-state …
Developing A Smart And Sustainable Public Transportation System: A Case Study In Camden, New Jersey, Zahra Vafakhah
Developing A Smart And Sustainable Public Transportation System: A Case Study In Camden, New Jersey, Zahra Vafakhah
Theses and Dissertations
The transportation sector is a major contributor to air pollution and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. As a significant source of emissions, public transportation presents an opportunity for mitigation through electrification. However, transitioning to an electric bus fleet necessitates substantial investments in bus procurement and charging infrastructure. To address the associated costs, this study introduces a mixed-integer linear mathematical model developed to optimize the location of on-route fast charging stations within bus networks. The central objective of this optimization formulation is to minimize the overall cost of establishing the charging infrastructure. The study employs a real-world case study focusing on a …
Evaluation Of Digital Twin Approaches For Thermal Modeling And Energy Optimization For Existing Buildings, Jason Bastie Muermann
Evaluation Of Digital Twin Approaches For Thermal Modeling And Energy Optimization For Existing Buildings, Jason Bastie Muermann
Theses and Dissertations
Residential, commercial, and industrial building sectors in the United States were responsible for 42% of the nation’s consumption of 100.2 quadrillion BTUs of energy in 2019 [1]. 80% of the nation’s energy is sourced from fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Fossil fuels are known contributors to carbon emissions and climate change, making energy reduction vital. Consequently, New Jersey Department of Military and Veterans Affairs (NJDMAVA) is tasked with evaluating energy consumption and efficiency in all New Jersey Army National Guard (NJARNG) facilities, as mandated by TAG Policy Letter 18-5, Executive Order 13990, and the Energy Independence and …
Cooperative Navigation Of Autonomous Vehicles In Challenging Environments, Brendon Peter Forsgren
Cooperative Navigation Of Autonomous Vehicles In Challenging Environments, Brendon Peter Forsgren
Theses and Dissertations
As the capabilities of autonomous systems have increased so has interest in utilizing teams of autonomous systems to accomplish tasks more efficiently. This dissertation takes steps toward enabling the cooperation of unmanned systems in scenarios that are challenging, such as GPS-denied or perceptually aliased environments. This work begins by developing a cooperative navigation framework that is scalable in the number of agents, robust against communication latency or dropout, and requires little a priori information. Additionally, this framework is designed to be easily adopted by existing single-agent systems with minimal changes to existing software and software architectures. All systems in the …