Engineering Commons^™

Process Modelling Of The Nitration Of Toluene, Nitin K. Shah

Theses

The thesis on the process modelling of the nitration process focuses specifically on the product separation of the nitrated aromatic material from the reactor and - wash section of the process. Included in the text is an overview of the main process steps associated with the production of para and ortho-nitrotoluene. The critical issues concerning the reaction of nitric acid and toluene were summerized, and resulted in this subject being deferred for future work.

The separation of the isomers into pure components is an important. part of the MNT process because of the close high boiling points of the isomeric …

Thermal Decomposition Of Chlorobenzene Reaction With Hydrogen And Oxygen Mixture In An Atmosphere, Chun-Chen Yang

Theses

The thermal reactions of chlorobenzene in hydrogen and oxygen mixtures were studied in tubular flow reactors at 1 atmosphere total pressure. Experiments were carried out in flow reactors of varied diameter for determining effects of different surface to volume ratios. Residence times ranged from 0.03 to 2.5 seconds and temperature was varied over a range of 560 - 660 °C. The 02/H2 ratios ranged from 1% to 5%.

It was found that the conversion of chlorobenzene in hydrogen and oxygen mixtures increased with both temperature and residence time. The oxidation of chlorobenzene also occurred more rapidly when oxygen concentraction was …

Agitation Requirements For Complete Drawdown Of Floating Solids In Stirred Tanks, Joseph Philemon Mmbaga

Theses

The agitation requirements for complete drawdown of floating solids in mechanically agitated tank vessels has been studied both theoretically and experimentally.

A semi-theoretical equation has been derived on the basis of Kolmogoroff's theory of isotropic turbulence to determine the minimum impeller speed required for drawdown. The equation contains one adjustable parameter which has been found to be a function of the impeller type and position in the tank vessel.

The equation was tested using various vessels and impeller configurations. The solid phase consisted of high density polyethylene (density = 897kg/m³), low density polyethylene (density = 840kg/m³) …

Manufacturing Workstation Model Using Petri Nets, Reni Alexander

Theses

Petri nets have become a powerful tool for modeling and analyzing asynchronous concurrent systems. In this thesis I apply Petri nets for analyzing and modeling a flexible manufacturing workstation (FMS). A manufacturing workstation is modeled by using Colored- Timed Petri nets, with the consideration of tool handling, raw materials, quality checking and the reuse of reworkable scraps. A simulation program for a simplified Petri net model of manufacturing workstation is described and the production throughput is computed.

Adaptive Transform Coding Of Video With Motion Compensation And Vector Quantization, Jung-Hui Chien

Theses

This thesis proposes an efficient transform coding scheme for the low bit rate video sequence. The redundancy within adjacent video frame is exploited by motion compensated interframe prediction using the efficient independent orthogonal search technique, and the motion compensated frame difference (MCFD) signal is transform coding by 1-D DCT, 1-D HDCT and 2-D DCT, the coefficients are zonal masked, and vector quantizatied adaptively. The encoded MCFD as well as the motion information and variance grouping (side informations) are transmitted to the receiver to reconstruct the frame. The transform MCFD signal is classified into the four groups according to the coefficient …

Reliability Prediction Of Vulcanized Fibre Using Electrical Noise As A Screening Parameter, George A. Donos

Theses

The main objective of this thesis was to find a correlation between the electrical noise generated within the body of Vulcanized Fibre in insulating service and the time of its breakdown under a synergy of electrical, thermal and mechanical stresses. Failure was defined as a material discontinuity, puncture, under accelerated life test conditions. Radio frequency measurements of the partial discharges occuring in the voids of the material were performed on 1240 samples of vulcanized fibre with 10 mil thickness. The level of electrical noise measured was used to classify the specimens into the three following categories: (a) Low Noise:0-2.8μV (0-9db), …

Robotic Arms With Flexible Links As The Links Approach Rigidity, George A. Downes

Theses

The dynamics of single link flexible robotic arms are modeled using the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation and Lagrange's equation. The Bernoulli-Euler beam equation derivation is reviewed and is studied in the limiting case as the flexiblity approaches zero. Using the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation, a procedure is developed to calculate the position of the endpoint of a link given the displacement, slope or curvature of any point on the link. Also a procedure is developed to calculate the minimum Young's modulus of elasticity, E, given a specified endpoint displacement tolerance.

A rigid link model based on Lagrange's equation and a flexible link …

Recursive System Identification Using Least Squares Method, Gholamreza Ghorbani Moghadam

Theses

Input and output sampling, in addition to computer simulations, are now an integral part of system identification. In this thesis, the concept of analyzing any time invariant continuous deterministic system will be developed by identifying a linear discrete - time system equivalent to the continuous one. In this method, two computer programs are written in pascal. The first program applies the Recursive Least Squares Method to discrete - time systems in order to estimate the system components. The second program estimates the future output of the system. Four systems have then identified using the programs.

In this process, system identification …

Equation Of Interaction Diagrams For Prestressed Concrete Columns, Angamuthu Palaniappan

Theses

A general analysis and design equation for prestressed concrete column is proposed. This equation represents the strength interaction diagrams of prestressed concrete columns under bending about one axis and combined with axial load. The equation proposed is a modification of the one developed by Dr. Hsu, C.T. Thomas for reinforced concrete columns published in the ACI structural journal in 1988. The analytical results were compared with the results of tests on 30 eccentrically loaded prestressed columns reported by H.R. Brown and A.S. Hall. The results were in good agreement with the static analysis and the above mentioned test reports. The …

On-Line Dot Matrix Code Verification, Thatta V. Premnath

Theses

Machine vision principles are increasingly applied in the areas of manufacturing and automated inspection. The objective of this thesis work is to investigate different methods that could be implemented for matching printed dot matrix characters with the actual characters to be printed.

In support to this investigation, a survey of various methods proposed by researchers in the field of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is presented. Survey includes a detailed description of the state-of-the art methods. It is shown that due to restrictions of hardware cost and the time available to inspect each character, the standard approaches are not practical. Hence, …

Experimental Study Of Rectangular And Square Concrete Member Under Combined Biaxial Bending And Tension, Ming-Hua Shiau

Theses

The proposed research is based on an equation developed by Dr. Hsu, which represents the strength interaction diagrams and failure surface for reinforced concrete rectangular and square columns under combined biaxial bending and axial load. In this research, two rectangular columns and two square columns subject to biaxial bending and tension were tested and compared with the proposed failure surface equation. This study shows that the experimental test results achieve more strengths then those calculated by the equation of failure surface.

Evaluation Of Sorting Algorithm Performance On Single Instruction Multiple Data Machines, Dong Kuen Yang

Theses

Partitioning an application program into several tasks and executing them via parallel processing is one way to increase computation throughput and performance. But with a uniprocessor system, the performance increase will be minimal. Computer scientists have developed several multiprocessor systems to gain more speed in computation.

There are several computer architectures, such as pipeline machines, array processors and multiprocessor systems. They provide a parallel execution environment to increase the execution speed. But as the system becomes more complex, the communication traffic density between several processors increases more heavily. It has to provide some kind of control algorithm or routing function …

Theoretical Analysis Of Universal Joint With Manufacturing And Assembly Tolerances, Xiaosong Liu

Theses

The model for a Cardan joint with manufacturing and assembly tolerances is a spatial four-bar mechanism with one rotating and three cylindrical joints. In this thesis, dual-number coordinate transformation matrices and Newtonian mechanics are applied to provide a concise description of the kinetics of the universal joint. The dual-Euler equations are used to derive the dynamic equations of the Cardan joint. The analytical technique presented here yields explicit expressions. It will provide the designer with better insight into the workings of the kinematics and dynamics of the Cardan joint.

The equations of statics and dynamics of the frictionless universal joint …

Design And Analysis Of An Intracranial Pressure And Temperature Sensor Telemetry System, Anshumat Parasar

Theses

This thesis presents a signal conditioning and telemetry system for an implantable pressure and temperature transducer. The initial target application is for measuring the epidural intracranial pressure in the range of 25-100 millitorr and temperature over the range 90 — 110° F. The implant, based on custom silicon IC design can be packaged within a volume of 2cm3 and will require surgical procedures for placement and removal. Effort has been made in this thesis to design the transducer, associated signal conditioning and telemetry circuits for useful operation over a wide range of power supply voltage. The implanted device is powered …

Effects Of N>M Clos Networks On Edge Coloring And Matrix Decomposition Algorithms, Ming-Hsing Lin

Theses

Considered in this thesis are n > m Clos networks on edge coloring and matrix decomposition algorithms. This work uses a two-fold approach to examine the effects of n > m Clos networks on edge coloring and matrix decomposition algorithms. First, edge coloring and matching on bipartite multigraphs are applied to routing on Clos networks. It is demonstrated that edge coloring algorithms which find a minimum edge coloring set up the routing for n > m Clos networks with redundancy. The results presented here indicate that the Euler coloring algorithm has applications on n > m Clos networks because it has fast time complexity …

A Comparison Of The Fracture Toughness, Hardness, Impact Strength, And Thermal Expansion Of Two Dental Porcelains, Nancy Maignon

Theses

Dental Porcelains are known to be very brittle materials. Ongoing research is being undertaken to obtain a porcelain of optimum strength. A recent development in this field is the new porcelain Optec HSP.

In this comparative study, a series of mechanical test were performed on both Optec HSP and Ceramco II.

An indentation technique was used to calculate the hardness and fracture toughness, the Izod method with a 1 ft-lb pendulum was used to obtain the impact strength, and the thermal expansion was calculated with the Dupont thermal analyser.

For each material, a sample size of five and twenty specimens …

Protocol Processing Delay Analysis On Ethernet By Simulation Of Njit Ethernet, Jagdish Gangrimal Rangwani

Theses

CSMA/CD based Local Area Networks account for about 75% of the installed LAN base today. As these networks are becoming available for high channel bandwidth, it is important to identify the bottlenecks in these networks. As channels are becoming high speed, bottleneck is shifting from channel to protocol processing. This delay depends on a particular implementation of the protocol and not the protocol standard itself.

This Thesis presents the analysis of delay on Ethernet. To achieve realistic results NJIT Ethernet, as it is configured, is modelled and simulated. Traffic on this network is measured and load on each segment is …

Semiconductor Pressure Sensor And Amplifier With Extended Temperature Range, Abhay Mahadeo Joshi

Theses

In this thesis work, a unique raicrosensor was designed for pressure measurements over the temperature range of -80 C to 125 C. The sensor has CMOS circuitry powered by a single voltage supply. It can be used for military and space applications including monitoring the pressure acting on the nose of the space shuttle.

The sensor consists of a thin silicon diaphragm, which is stressed by external pressure. Four resistors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration are diffused into the diaphragm. The temperature drift in the silicon sensors is dominated by the temperature dependence of the piezoresistive coefficients. The resistors are …

A Cad For Edif Pattern Generation, Mohammad Akram Khan

Theses

Generating a set of test vector for a digital circuit is the most critical step in design and test. It is very important to generate test sequence easily and efficiently. The importance is enhanced by the fact that the simulation database is being used to create test programs. A CAD tool ATPG (Automatic Test Pattern Generator) has been developed to specify and satisfy requirements of designers and test engineers. EDIF (Electronic Design Interchange Format) is followed closely. EDIF targets compatability among foundry services and CAD/CAE systems.

Optimization Of Throughput And Stability For Csma/Cd Channel, Liangshyng Jou

Theses

Multiple access technologies plays an important role in designing distributed computer communication system. Here, CSMA/CD has attracted researchers' attentions in the last ten years. In this paper, based on attributions of the slotted, nonpersistent CSMA/CD system, performance of CSMA/CD channel is analyzed. Adaptive Retransmission Technique is adopted to obtain the maximum throughput. Also, equilibrium contours are derived to discuss the stability of the system. And use FET to measure the stability of CSMA/CD channel that FET gives an approximate measure of the average uptime of an unstable channel.

Optimal Algorithmic Testing Of Re-Programmable Logic Arrays, Arvind Chopra

Theses

This research delineates a test strategy and detailed sequence of test vectors for a new class of programmable logic devices (PLDs). This new class of devices is based on architectures that contain programmable logic arrays (PLAs) programmed by on chip integrated static RAMs or EEPROMS. The new PLD architecture poses unique testing problems which require 100% nodal test coverage. Previous PLAs/PLDs did not require that 100% of the nodes be tested since their circuits utilized fuse link crosspoints and were not dynamically reprogrammable. Such devices could be tested by a unique personality pattern that combined the application and the test …

Design Of Robotic Lan Controller And Map Interface, Jayesh M. Joshi

Theses

An application specific integrated circuit has been designed for use as a gateway between two local area networks. This silicon chip provides the gateway function to link the NJIT robotics network and the MAP IEEE-standardized network. This IC utilizes the available Motorola MC 68824 Token Bus Controller for the MAP data path. A special IO design compatible with an optical communication link is used to interface into the NJIT RLAN network.

The gateway IC serves as an asynchronous buffer between the 5Mbps MAP link and the 500 bps local optical link. The control protocol provides the master function for polling …

Thermal Desorption Of Phenol Contaminated Clay Soils, Chia-Ling Ting

Theses

Clay mineral/organic reactions have been studied extensively by a numerous physicochemical methods. There also has been extensive research done in the areas of adsorption, Lewis acid-base reactions, desorption, adduct formation. Many of these studies explain the role and dehydration of silicates.

Studies have shown through extraction, thermal analysis, and gas chromatography. That there is more than one type of bonding, weak and strong, taking place between the clay mineral and the organic waste.

In order to determine the practicality of the containment technology, this research has been investigated by using more powerful tools, such as thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry …

Analysis On Dielectric Resonators, Xuan Tu

Theses

This dissertation deals with the studies and analysis of Dielectric Resonators (DR). A shielded dielectric iesonator structure, consisting of the substrate, the spacer, the dielectric resonator and the metallic shielding is modelled theoretically. The theoretical expressions for the resonance fields are derived by using radial-mode matching and axial mode-matching techniques. In these techniques, the structure is divided into partial regions and the fields in each pai tial region are represented in terms of a series of the appropriate modes with unknown coefficients. Matching the adjacent regions yields a system of linear or nonlinear equations — which then are solved. The …

Mathematical Model Of A Continuous Sterilization System For Fermentation Media Containing Suspended Solids, Mark A. Leskowicz

Theses

A mathematical model has been developed for a continuous sterilization system where the role of suspended solids on the overall degree of sterilization achieved is taken into account. Evaluation of a "typical" commercial continuous sterilization system showed the role of suspended solids to have little effect on the overall sterilization obtained. For continuous sterilization systems operating in a total residence time of less than one minute, the role of solids may become important and should be evaluated.

Measurement Of Biodegradation Aniline, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Using Microcalorimetric Method, Lung-Weng Yao

Theses

Biodegradation of aniline, 2,4-dichloro-phenol, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene by using micro-calorimetric method under aerobic condition has been investigated. The rate of heat energy output during the course of log growth phase was kinetically expressed by inhibition equation. The constants of Um(the maximum energy production rate), Ks(saturation rate), Ki(inhibition constant), and n(degree of inhibition) has been of 8.764hr-1, 0.13mg/L, 0.136mg/L, and 4.6 for 2,4-DCP; 3.33hr-1, 0.315mg/L, 0.35mg/L, and 1.4 for 1,24-TCB; 3.639hr-1, 0.4485mg/L, 0.485mg/L, and 5 for aniline.

A Robot Vision System For Determining 3-D Coordinates Of Object Points, Tea-Quin Kim

Theses

A stereo disparity algorithm is implemented on an industrial robot vision system. One camera manipulated by an industrial robot is used to obtain stereo images of an object. After a pair of stereo images are processed, the points of interest are selected from each image. The similarities of three types of feature characters are used to assign initial weights of the, matching probabilities to a set of point candidates. Then a relaxation method, which is based on probabilities of local connectivity, similarity of feature characters, and smoothness of matching, is used iteratively to improve the initial probabilities of image matching. …

Competitive Bidding Strategy In The Construction Industry : A Game Theoretic Approach, Hongbin Chen

Theses

A game theoretic approach is applied to analyze competitive bidding in the construction industry because previous models do not consider the conflict of interest that exists among competitors. The game theoretic model improves corporate performance when compared to previous Bayesian analyses.

The game theoretic model is discussed in conjunction with construction contracting practice. Competitive bidding is formulated as a game theoretic model in which a contractor optimizes his bid price to maximize his utility or corporate performance. Using available historical data, order statistics are employed to access the distribution of estimated costs among bidders for a project. The winner's curse …

Management Of Construction Jobsite Productivity : A Self Assessment Approach, Nicos Poliviou Nicolaou

Theses

A critical component of construction project management is the improvement of jobsite productivity. This paper proposes a procedure for use by project managers to assess jobsite productivity performance. The methodology provides a framework which when applied will identify specific aspects of the jobsite where potential productivity improvement is possible. A major feature is its systematic approach which will direct the project manager to the specific resources which when better managed will lead to lower construction costs.

Adsorption And Desorption Of Chromium On Clayey Soils, Ker-Shu Tan

Theses

Chromium residue waste was produced during sixties in the chromium production process. It was used as construction fill. Problems associated with chromium waste sites include structure distress and surface and groundwater contamination.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the adsorption and desorption of chromium on soil. In order to achieve this purpose, experiments were conducted to study the effect of pH, type of chromium compound, and type of soil on adsorption and desorption.

Experiments were performed on kaolinite, bentonite and sand. In our study, it was found that sand had almost no adsorption for chromium. Kaolinite had less …