Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Fiber-Matrix Coupling On The Mechanical Properties Of A Totally Bioabsorbable Composite, Barbaro Jesus Perez

Theses

The mechanical properties of a new class of bioabsorbable polymer-composite based on the amino acid tyrosine and calcium phosphate fibers were studied. The effect of the fiber aspect ratio on the elastic modulus of a discontinuous fiber composite was analyzed using the SMC composite micromechanics computer model. The mechanical stiffness of this polymer was found to be superior to that of poly-p-dioxanone, caprolactone and poly-o-ester.

The fiber surface was modified with methane plasma spray to improve the fiber-matrix coupling. The treated fiber composites had 16-40% higher tensile modulus than the untreated fiber composites. From the flexural test results it is …

A Comparison Of Anhydrous Ethanol Production From Ethylene And From Corn Utilizing Life Cycle Analysis Methodology, Gregory Morse

Theses

There is currently much concern with the impact on the environment due to industrial processes. One method to assess this impact is to perform a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) on the process. Life Cycle Analysis is made up of three stages; Life Cycle Inventory Analysis, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, and Life Cycle Improvement Assessment. In this study, Life Cycle Inventory Analysis methodology was applied to two industrial processes for producing anhydrous ethanol. The first process is the fermentation of corn, and the second is the hydration of ethylene using water and a catalyst. Each process was first modeled using the …

Fundamentals Of Adhesion Of Organic Compounds And Aqueous Cleaning Of Glass And Metal Surfaces : Applications In The Pharmaceutical And Chemical Industries, Michel J. De Ruijter

Theses

In this thesis we studied the physics and chemistry of the adhesion of various classes of organic compounds to glass and stainless steel surfaces, by using diagnostic aqueous cleaning solutions and other techniques. We defined the thermodynamic requirements for aqueous cleaning based on extensive experimental and theoretical work. Novel cleaning diagrams are introduced, based on electrostatic interactions between organic compounds and solid surfaces, to facilitate the design of aqueous cleaning systems. We studied the mass transfer parameters for selected situations. The electrochemical Pourbaix-diagrams were used to explain the effect of hydrogen peroxide added to aqueous solutions and to avoid corrosion …

Heart Rate Variability Studies On Ambulatory Subjects Using Ekg Derived Respiration, Xiaorui Tang

Theses

Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) provides a powerful non-invasive too] for exploring the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. In the spectrum of HRV, there are three distinct peaks. The high frequency (HF) band (0.15 to 0.4 Hz) is correlated with parasympathetic activity and this is the band of interest 'in the study.

Two OTOUPS Of SL113jeCtS were considered in this work, stroke survivors and subjects performing an oral presentation in front of an audience. Data were collected with a Holter monitor to allow for ambulatory recording. Respiration was derived from the …

Simulation Study Of Particle Tracking System, Prashant B. Patel

Theses

A particle tracking system is being developed in the Particle Technology Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department, at NJIT, In this thesis, an attempt is made to understand the effect of various parameters on the errors in the computed position and orientation of the sphere being tracked. Simulation results for a single transmitter assembly as well as a three transmitter assembly with 6, 9 and 17 antennae are presented. The effects of the level of noise in the voltages on the solution for the single transmitter assembly and three transmitter assembly are discussed. The concept of virtual antenna is introduced …

A Three Stage Large Dynamic Range Automatic Transimpedance Control Amplifier, Karim Joseph Sikias

Theses

Long haul fiber optic communication systems require extremely sensitive, low noise amplification of the weak photo diode currents generated by the received light power. Two types of amplifiers have been used for this application: a high input impedance integrating amplifier/differentiating equalizer combination or a transimpedance amplifier. Optical receivers designed with integrating amplifiers exhibit severe low frequency drift and overload problems and are not generally used in wide dynamic range receiver design. This thesis will describe an extremely wide dynamic range transimpedance amplifier incorporating unique methods to maintain stability, wide bandwidth low pulse width distortion during overload conditions.

Stress-Strain Behavior Of High Strength Concrete Cylinders, Danqing Chen

Theses

Due to the recent development of high strength concrete in engineering and construction, it has become more important to study the behavior of materials in structures.

No results have been previously published in the literature regarding the influence of aspect ratio in plain high strength concrete cylinders on stress-strain behavior under uniaxial compression.Thus at present study, compression tests were conducted on 3x6 in., 3x9 in., and 3x12 in. plain high strength concrete cylinders to study their stress-strain behavior. Plain normal strength concrete cylinders were also tested and used for comparative study.

Based on the present investigations, attempting to obtain a …

Aeration And Operation Of An Immobilized Cell Oxidative Bioreactor, James Joseph Woods

Theses

The primary purpose of this work is to help define the optimum window of operations for an immobilized cell oxidative bioreactor. The analytical technique employed requires no outside verification (such as G.C. analysis) and is independent of liquid flow rate. Method of aeration has been determined to be an important parameter for optimizing bioreactor efficiency, and optimization of the quantity of hydrogen peroxide added to provide oxygen during bio-oxidation has been investigated. Ammonium hydroxide as a fixed nitrogen source can be used to restore the vitality of the bioreactor under certain conditions.

The effects of several different methods of providing …

Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Copper Films From Cu(I)(Hfac)(Tmvs), Wei-Shang King

Theses

Recently, copper has been found as a possible substitute for Al alloys because of its low resistivity (1.67 μΩ • cm) and potentially improved resistance to electromigration. Conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) method do not provide the conformal deposition profile for the high density integrated circuit, therefore, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become the most promising method for the resulting conformal profile.

In this work, a cold wall, single wafer, CVD tungsten reactor was used for the deposition of copper with Cu(I)(hfac)(tmvs). Film growth rates were between 100 to 800 A/min depending on processing conditions, and an Arrhenius type activation …

Volatilization Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Complex Wastewaters, Syed Sikandar Qadry

Theses

A variety of volatile organic solvents used in the pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries end up in wastewater collection and treatment systems. EPA has classified these VOCs into groups depending on their potential to volatilize from the wastewaters. In making this classification, Henry's Law, which is valid at very low concentrations, has been used to describe the vapor-liquid equilibrium. But, in reality the concentrations observed in the wastewaters are often too high for Henry's Law to be valid and it is inappropriate to assume that equilibrium has been achieved for every compound.

This project evaluates the volatilization rates, both experimental …

Preoperative Risk Assessment For Cardiac Surgery Using Piecewise Linear Regression Model, Arifa Zafar

Theses

In the present climate of quality assurance policies, rigorous requirements for informed consent, and a constantly changing patient population, a system of preoperative risk assignment for cardiovascular surgery was developed to monitor and evaluate surgical outcomes. The goal of this work is to estimate the preoperative risk associated with cardiac bypass surgery for patients in different risk categories. These risk categories are determined by the Parsonnet model which is based upon studying the severity of illness. The Parsonnet model assigns a risk value to a range of risk factors consisting of patient attributes and disease parameters. The aggregate of these …

Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Silicon Nitride Films From Tridimethylaminosilane, Xin Lin

Theses

In this study amorphous stoichiometric silicon nitride films were synthesized by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using tri(dimethylamino) silane (TDMAS) and ammonia (NH₃). The growth kinetics were determined as a function of temperature in the range of 650 - 900 °C, total pressure in the range of 0.15 - 0.60 Torr, and NH₃/TDMAS flow ratio in the range of 0 - 10. At constant condition of pressure (0.5 Torr), TDMSA flow rate (10 sccm) and NH₃ flow rate (100 sccm), the deposition rate of as-deposited silicon nitride films was found to follow an Arrehnius …

The Photolithographic Patterning Of Porous Silicon Using Silicon Nitride And Silicon Carbide Films As Masks, Hong Wang

Theses

In this study, a simple photolithographic pattern process for porous silicon is described. The process utilizes silicon nitride or silicon carbide coated on the top of silicon wafer as a masks. Then a test pattern was projected on the sample by illumination during anodic etching in HF:ethanol solution which produced microcracks in regions illuminated during anodization. Creation of these microcracks resulted in formation of porous silicon in the underlying regions. The cracking is related to the stress in the thin film. The films with tensile stress exhibit cracking while compressive stress samples do not. Compared to silicon carbide films, silicon …

Laborconsult : An Expert System For Evaluating Fetal Heart Rate And The Progress Of Labor, Wendy Raymond-Fink

Theses

LaborConsult is a rule-based expert system designed to aid the non-expert practitioner in monitoring the progress and fetal tolerance of labor. The expert system obtains from the user the values of the following labor variables: cervical dilatation, fetal station, and the time between and duration of uterine contractions. The rates of cervical dilatation and fetal descent are then calculated and compared to labor standards. Additionally, the consultation assists the user in the analysis of electronic fetal monitor tracings.

The expert system development tool VP-Expert allows the interfacing of the consultation with the spreadsheet Lotus 1-2-3. This enables the creation of …

Design Of A Lapd Interface Using The T7130 Multichannel Lapd Controller And The T715a Synchronous Protocol Data Formatter, Hopeton Saint John Walker

Theses

As the ISDN telecommunications standard gains acceptance, there is an ever increasing need for intelligent interfaces to implement the L2 protocol known as LAPD. The T7130 MLC, the T7115A SPYDER-T and the MC68020 microprocessor were used to design a LAPD Interface that conforms to the LAPD protocol as specified by CCITT.

The LAPD Interface utilizes a Shared Memory Array which is attached to the Data Link Processors in a single bus configuration. The SMA Arbitration Control allows access to the SMA on a prioritized basis and was implemented as a state machine using PAL's. L2 drivers and L3 management software …

Design For Quality Manufacturability Analysis For Common Assembly Process, Suriyanarayanan Ramachandra

Theses

The globalization of market economy has precipitated a dramatic increase in competition necessitating the need for higher quality products at lower cost in shorter time periods. Shorter life cycles and proliferation of products has made companies integrate all the phases of manufacturing to bring about a superior design. Design for Quality Manufacturability (DFQM) provides a technique to invoke manufacturing and assembly considerations while designing a product. The DFQM architecture identifies factors consisting of several variables that are influenced by certain error catalysts to cause one or more specific defects. A methodology is suggested to identify and quantify these error catalysts …

Soft Decision Adaptive Multiuser Cdma Detector For Asynchronous Awgn Channels, Frank Viehofer

Theses

A multiuser detector in an asynchronous, additive white Gaussian noise, codedivision multipleaccess (CDMA) channel is proposed and analyzed. It employs a combination of a decorrelator and a nonlinear multiuser interference canceler that utilizes soft tentative decisions. The weights of the canceler are adaptively adjusted, in a manner that renders the knowledge of received signal energies and the use of training sequences unnecessary. The steady state error performance of the detector is obtained and found to be superior to the performance of the same detector that utilizes hard tentative decisions.

Design For Quality Manufacturability Analysis Of Missing/Misplaced Parts And Part Interference, Altaf Yusuf Tamboo

Theses

Design for Quality Manufacturability (DFQM) is an approach that addresses the issue of quality manufacturability (QM) - the likelihood that defects will occur during manufacture of a product in a standard plant. The DFQM methodology is based on the premise that defects found in assembled products are often influenced by some features of the design and/or assembly process (influencing factors). These influencing factors cause defects in the presence of certain error catalysts.

One of the influencing factors is geometrical features such as shape and symmetry. A classification scheme for part shape and symmetry is developed. This scheme is summarized in …

Am/Fm Digital Audio Broadcasting In-Band On-Channel Transmission, Michael Meyer

Theses

This thesis examines the in-band on-channel transmission of digital audio data for application in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB). The premise is to use the existing FM channels for transmission of DAB. For the FM channel used for analog audio transmission, two different scenarios are suggested and investigated.

In the first scenario, to enable overlay of the new DAB and current FM transmissions, the digital data is modulated by a direct sequence spread spectrum signal to bring the average transmitted power below that of the FM signal using the same channel. The FM signal interferes with the digital transmission and it …

Statistical And Finite Element Analysis Of The Effects Of Random Input Parameters On The Mechanical Characteristics Of Sheetmetal Forming Processes Using Quadrature Method, Yu Quan

Theses

In this thesis, the computer aided finite element analysis is implemented in the analysis of sheetmetal forming process. To rationalize the experimentation and analysis, the statistical method is introduced to study the variability of sheetmetal deformation process and final shape with respect to the variation of different parameters.

In Chapter 2, the basic characteristics and considerations of deep drawing operation is described with emphasis on the study of geometrical and physical variables of the forming process.

Chapter 3 discussed the three phases which are encountered in the computer aided finite element analysis. As a typical representative of professional finite element …

Measurement Of The Reaction To Stress And Meditation Using Brain Wave Coherence And Heart Rate Variability, Christopher B. King

Theses

Measurement of physiological parameters associated with the stress response and the relaxation response caused by various forms of meditation can provide valuable information about the reaction of the body to the mind and to the external environment.

This study used two different techniques to evaluate physiological parameters. The first part examined the meditation response by recording the EEG and calculating the coherence between brain waves originating from different parts of the brain. It was found that high levels of coherence in the alpha portion of the EEG frequency band coincided with a restful state associated with the relaxation response. In …

A Pharmacokinetic Model Of The Liver, Samirbhai Rameshbhai Patel

Theses

The liver is the major organ where chemical breakdown of organic and inorganic compounds takes place. A pharmacokinetic heterogeneous model was developed for the local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug lidocaine. It was assumed that transport and elimination of lidocaine and its metabolites are linear with concentration. Simulations were done using VisSim software on a 486 based personal computer to obtain concentration profiles for hepatic clearance and for step input of the drug and its metabolites. It was found that the rate of uptake and rate of breakdown were 0.48 min^-1 and 0.49 min^-1 respectively for lidocaine. The results …

Wear And Friction Of Hylamer And Polyethylene Against Cobalt Chromium A Pin-On-Disc Study, Jerry D'Alessio, Ii

Theses

Understanding friction and wear of biomaterials is essential to the success of any prosthetic joint. A pin-on-disc wear tester is used to find the friction and wear of pins of one material on a coupon of medical grade cobalt chrome. In this experiment six pins of UHMWPe (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) and six pins of Hylamer® from Du Pont Manufacturing were tested. Four separate runs were made. The tests were performed for ten million cycles, stopping every one to one and a half million cycles for data acquisition. Volumetric wear, wear rate, and coefficients of friction were measured. Both …

An Adaptive Asynchronous Cdma Receiver And Its Convergence Analysis, Lizhi Zhong

Theses

An adaptive CDMA receiver scheme assuming perfect synchronization has been generalized in this thesis to the asynchronous channel, a much more practical assumption of the real system. Similar formulas are derived and as its synchronous version, it is still near-far resistant and requires no knowldge [sic] of received signal amplitudes and training sequences. Thus, sophisticated high-precision power control and user power estimation are not necessary and the receiver is particularly useful in mobile communications since it can adjust itself adaptively to changes in the power of the users. Tile convergence and transient behavior of the receiver are also investigated and …

Development Of A Multi-Lead Trans-Thoracic Impedance Pneumograph For Heart Rate Variability Studies, Curtis Bashford

Theses

In this study, a device that measures respiratory tidal volume and ECG for use in heart rate variability studies, was designed, built and tested. The device developed is a Multi-Lead Trans-Thoracic Impedance Pneumograph, which determines tidal volume on a breath by breath basis, utilizing both hardware and software. It uses standard ECG electrodes which provide increased comfort and inability to the subject over traditional spirometry methods. The device operates similar to traditional bipolar impedance pneumographs except that instead of only one lead (electrode pair), four leads are acquired simultaneously using time-division multiplexing; providing data from different locations and vectors on …

Time Domain And Frequency Domain Analysis Of Myoelectric Signals During Muscle Fatigue, Rakesh M. Maniar

Theses

Spectral analysis of the EMG signal is a useful tool for studying the complex phenomena of fatigue. The spectral parameters of mean frequency and median frequency, and the time domain parameter of root mean square have been used to measure localized fatigue.

The normal values of median frequency and its decline with fatigue have not as yet been determined in healthy subjects. This should be done in order to apply spectral analysis for clinical evaluations of abnormal populations. Normal median frequency values and its slope were established in this work for the upper extremity muscles of biceps, triceps and deltoid …

Implementation Of Time-Frequency Distribution Software And Its Use To Study Biological Signals, Mansour Adib

Theses

The joint time-frequency signal representation has received considerable attention as a powerful tool for analyzing biological signals. It combine time-domain and frequency-domain analyses to yield a potentially more revealing picture of the temporal localization of a signal's spectral components. In this research we have developed algorithm which implement time-frequency signal analysis techniques on a computer system. Its primary function is to produce a variety of time-frequency representations and plots from the time series. Numerous generated signals were used to justify our computer algorithm.

Variety of time-frequency distribution were utilized to expand the concept of spectral analysis of heart rate variability, …

Use Of Multiple Transmitters For 3-D Non-Intrusive Particle Tracking, Jitesh H. Agrawal

Theses

A method for non-intrusive tracking of a particle in 3-dimensional space, based on processing of signals emitted from a transmitter embedded in the particle, is being developed. This method uses a mathematical model, which predicts the induced signal in receivers present in the vicinity of flowing particle, and supporting numerical techniques. Specific application aspects related to improving the accuracy of this method are presented.

The focus here is the development of flexible software capable of processing information coming from multiple transmitters with known distinct spatial orientation. Implementation aspects of modified existing empirical corrections for improving model-reality agreement, and new techniques …

Model Parameter Identification For Rod And Cone Oscillatory Potentials, Kehur Banker

Theses

The use of signal modeling of the oscillatory potential (OP) of the electroretinogram (ERG), in the study of cone-rod interaction is investigated. ERG response data were analyzed for red, orange, blue and white flashes on no background and with red flashes on a blue background (to suppress rod responses). The OP signals were extracted from the ERG by digital bandpass filtering and a signal model was fitted through a simplex algorithm to produce the parameters including "OP envelope-amplitude", latency in terms of "center-time" of the OP-envelope and OP frequency. Amplitude for red flashes with or without a blue background showed …

Wear Of Polyethylene And Hylamer On Cobalt-Chromium : A Knee Simulator Study, Alessandro F. Canonaco

Theses

Two tests were conducted to examine the wear characteristics of tibial bearings used in total knee replacement systems. Each test consisted of six A/P Glide Tibial Bearings each having a conical control arm. The plastic portion of the conical bearings were all made of UHMWPe. Each of these bearing systems was mounted onto a Co-Cr alloy tibial platform and Co-Cr alloy LCS (low contact stress) femoral component . These test samples were mounted onto the New Jersey Mark III Knee Simulator System. The simulator was configured to produce flexion and axial rotation to simulates normal gait. Each test ran at …