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Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 1299

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

The Application Of Wavelet-Based Least Mean Square Algorithm In Adaptive Beamforming, Shun-Hsyung Chang, Chin-Chang Chang Jun 1997

The Application Of Wavelet-Based Least Mean Square Algorithm In Adaptive Beamforming, Shun-Hsyung Chang, Chin-Chang Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Wavelet transform is one of methods that utilizes the dilation and contraction of prototype wavelet basis function to form a set of fully flexible windows in the time-frequency plane. It exhibits a good effect in both the analysis of high and low frequency components of signal. By applying such a transform method to traditional least-mean-square algorithm (LMS), we can obtain an orthogonally transformed signal from a time-domain input signal after imposing wavelet transform on it. In addition, we can improve the convergence speed of learning curve by passing the transformed signal through weight which is adapted with LMS. The improved …

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Application Of Decomposition Technique To Linear Wave Model Identification, Ching-Yaw Tzeng Jun 1997

Application Of Decomposition Technique To Linear Wave Model Identification, Ching-Yaw Tzeng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A decomposition technique is employed in identifying the coefficients of a Fourier series-based linear wave model. Two decomposed subproblems are formulated, one in the frequency domain and one in the direction domain. Less computation time is required when solving the two subproblems sequentially, compare to solving the original problem directly. A stretched method that takes the instantaneous free surface as the reference position in computing the water particle velocities achieves better agreement with the experimental data than the standard linear approach where the reference position is taken at the mean water level.

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The Effect Of Aggregate Volume Ratio On The Elastic Modulus And Compressive Strength Of Lightweight Concrete, Chung-Chia Yang, Yung-Shin Yang, Ran Huang Jun 1997

The Effect Of Aggregate Volume Ratio On The Elastic Modulus And Compressive Strength Of Lightweight Concrete, Chung-Chia Yang, Yung-Shin Yang, Ran Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In order to investigate the effect of aggregate volume ratio (S/A, volume of sand/ volume of total aggregate) on the elastic modulus of lightweight concrete, cylindrical specimens ( 010x200mm) with different S/A ratios and various water-cement ratios were cast and tested. Both single inclusion model and double inclusion model were applied to predict the elastic moduli of two-phase and three-phase cement-based composite materials, respectively. The elastic modulus of lightweight aggregate was obtained based on composite theory models. In this study, the aggregate volume ratio significantly affects the elastic properties of lightweight concrete. The elastic modulus and compressive strength of lightweight …

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Optimum Spacings Of Longitudinal Convective Fin Arrays, Rong-Hua Yeh, Shih-Pin Liaw, Ming Chang Jun 1997

Optimum Spacings Of Longitudinal Convective Fin Arrays, Rong-Hua Yeh, Shih-Pin Liaw, Ming Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper deals with the optimum spacings of longitudinal fin arrays in forced convection theoretically. Four different fins in arrays such as rectangular, convex-parabolic, triangular, and concave-parabolic fins are taken into consideration in the analysis. The aspect ratio, interfin spacing, and heat transfer characteristics of the optimized fin arrays are investigated with given geometry of base plate, total fin volume, and transverse Biot number. A comparison in the total heat duties and overall surface efficiencies of the four different arrays is also made. All the results are presented in dimensionless forms for the convenience of parametric study and design analysis.

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An Experimental Study On Solidification Of Pure Water Or A Dilute Salt Solution In A Horizontal Copper Tube, Hwa-Chong Tien, Sih-Li Chen, Bing-Shiang Yang Jun 1997

An Experimental Study On Solidification Of Pure Water Or A Dilute Salt Solution In A Horizontal Copper Tube, Hwa-Chong Tien, Sih-Li Chen, Bing-Shiang Yang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Solidification of pure water and NaCl-HO solutions in a copper tube is investigated experimentally. The morphology and growth of the two phase region is observed photographically, In the experiments of NaCl-H2O solutions, the salt concentrations in the solutions are smaller than the concentration at the eutectic point. The coolant temperature is higher than the eutectic temperature. The supercooling phenomenon and the effects of the coolant temperature, initial temperature of water or NaCl-HzO solution, and the concentrations of the solutions are studied in detail. In addition to the photographs, results presented also nclude the temperature responses of water and NaCl-H2O solutions …

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Constrained Dynamic Controller Design For Ship Steering Yaw-Control, Wen-Jer Chang Jun 1997

Constrained Dynamic Controller Design For Ship Steering Yaw-Control, Wen-Jer Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Multiple constrained dynamic controller design problems associated with steering of ship yaw motion are discussed in this paper. The multiple constraints considered here contain individual state variance constraints, robust performance (H.. norm) constraints and regional pole assignment (D-stability) constraints. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the constrained dynamic controller, which achieves the above three constraints, will be derived. Under achieving these conditions, the dynamic controllers will be solved by using the well known singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques and the theory of generalized inverses. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to show the usefulness and applicability of …

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Computerized Shortest Path Searching For Vessels, Gene Eu Jan, Ming-Bo Lin, Yung-Yuan Chen Jun 1997

Computerized Shortest Path Searching For Vessels, Gene Eu Jan, Ming-Bo Lin, Yung-Yuan Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The solution of "computerized shortest path searching for vessels" is presented in the paper. In the core of the method, the shortest path algorithm on the raster plane with O(N?) time was applied with dedicated database structure and searching rules. Furthermore, we can extend the method to the optimal path searching for Search and Rescue (SAR) and Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) by modifying the database and searching rules.

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Spherical Surface Vibration Identification By Spherical Holography And Acoustic Intensity, Jen-Chieh Lee Jun 1996

Spherical Surface Vibration Identification By Spherical Holography And Acoustic Intensity, Jen-Chieh Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study presents the capabilities of spherical surface vibration identification by using spherical acoustical holography and acoustic intensity measurement. The spherical holographic technique reconstructs the surface particle velocity from the acoustic pressure on the hologram. The acoustic pressure can be calculated from acoustic intensity measurement. The results of computer simulation show that, based on one direction acoustic intensity measurement only, spherical surface vibration can be identified from spherical holographic techniques.

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A Modularized Software Package For Adaptive Beamforming, Shun-Hsyung Chang, Shao-Wei Leu, Hsing-Wang Liang Jun 1996

A Modularized Software Package For Adaptive Beamforming, Shun-Hsyung Chang, Shao-Wei Leu, Hsing-Wang Liang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper presents a modularized simulation software package for adaptive beamforming. In recent years, the theory and technology of adaptive beamforming have been applied extensively in many different areas such as radar, sonar, communication systems, and geophysical exploration. As many new beamforming architectures and related algorithms are being introduced, researchers find themselves repeating the laborious process of writing similar software routines in order to conduct simulations. This is largely due to the lack of well-defined and modularized supporting software. Therefore, we have implemented a collection of representative algorithms available for adaptive beamforming and constructed a simulator with menu-driven user interface. …

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Protection Of Steel Using Aluminum Sacrificial Anodes In Artificial Seawater, Tai-Ming Tsai Jun 1996

Protection Of Steel Using Aluminum Sacrificial Anodes In Artificial Seawater, Tai-Ming Tsai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The performance of aluminum alloys used as sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection in seawater was investigated in this study, Results show that A1 -3.5%Zn -0.05%In sacrificial anode alloy C has the best current efficiency, most negative open circuit potential and energy characteristics among five different Al-Zn-In alloys. Polarization curve of alloy C also shows no passivation behavior in artificial seawater. The corrosion rate of mild steel in artificial seawater was determined as a function of applied cathodic potential. The cathodic protection potential determined for mild steel in seawater was -0.78 V,SCE for a corrosion rate of less than 1 mpy. …

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Manipulation Of Transfer Function Matrix Via State-Space Approach, Jeng Yih Juang Jun 1996

Manipulation Of Transfer Function Matrix Via State-Space Approach, Jeng Yih Juang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Algebraic manipulations of transfer function matrix via statespace approach will be given without referring to the symbolic manipulations involving the indeterminate s, for a linear continu-ous-time system (or, z, for a linear discrete-time system). The resultant transfer function is closely related to a state-space representation, and therefore is advantageous in realization, implementation, computer simulation and stability analysis. Furthermore, the design, implementation, and analysis of linear dynamic controllers, in the forms of 2-input-1-output and 2D (two degree of freedoms), are illustrated with numerical examples via the method proposed.

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Nondestructive Testing Of The Corrosive Damage Of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Ultrasonic Method, Ming-Te Liang, Run Huang, Chii-Ming Jiang Jun 1996

Nondestructive Testing Of The Corrosive Damage Of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Ultrasonic Method, Ming-Te Liang, Run Huang, Chii-Ming Jiang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosive damage of reinforced concrete members using the ultrasonic technique. The ultrasonic tester (type ULCON 3) connected the touched vertical-beam dictator (frequency: 50kHz, diameter=20mm) is used to measure the velocity and scan the concrete surface for predicting the corrosive damage, When the rebars are corroded, the ultrasonic wave propagation will very due to energy decay and velocity change. Based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity and amplitude, the structural quality of reinforced concrete can be predicted. Some results obtained from this investigation are described as follows: (1) 'The amplitude of refective wave …

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Network-Integrated Ship Automatic System And Internetworking To The Internet, Li-Der Chou, Jeng Yih Juang Jun 1996

Network-Integrated Ship Automatic System And Internetworking To The Internet, Li-Der Chou, Jeng Yih Juang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Many automatic systems developed for the merchant ships are focused on the Unmanned Machinery Space (UMS), and therefore it is necessary to build a local area network (LAN) on the ship in order to integrate these automatic systems. By means of the Inmarsat satellite system, the shipboard LAN is interconnected with the terrestrial communication networks such as the Internet. In the paper, the shipboard LAN is designed from the view point of survivability, and three concepts to reduce the satellite communication cost for the interconnection of the shipboard LAN and the Internet are proposed. Finally, the way to implement the …

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Elastic Modulus Of Concrete Affected By Elastic Moduli Of Mortar And Artificial Aggregate, Chung-Chia Yang, Yon-Yer Lin, Ran Huang Jun 1996

Elastic Modulus Of Concrete Affected By Elastic Moduli Of Mortar And Artificial Aggregate, Chung-Chia Yang, Yon-Yer Lin, Ran Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The effect of two artificial aggregate types and three kinds of mortar on the elastic modulus of concrete are reported. Bighteen batches of concrete with various volume fractions (10%, 20%, and 30%) were selected. Theoretical moduli were calculated based on micromechanics. Following recent studies of concrete as a twophase composite material, this study examines whether there is a relation between the elastic modulus of the constituents and concrete. From the examination of available experimental results, it is apparent that elastic modulus of concrete is affected by elastic modulus of constituents and volume fraction of aggregate. Test results were compared with …

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A Study On Fabrication Of Zinc Oxide Thin Film Acoustic Sensors, C.C. Chang, J.H. Chang Jun 1996

A Study On Fabrication Of Zinc Oxide Thin Film Acoustic Sensors, C.C. Chang, J.H. Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, acoustic sensors were formed by depositing a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film on a silicon dioxide/silicon(SiO/Si) substrate using radio frequency (RF) planar-magnetron sputtering method. The results showed higher substrate temperatures and higher RF powers enhanced C-axis oriented structure of the Zno thin film and optimized the ZnO thin film acoustic property. The frequency spectrum measurement on the acoustic sensor underwater involved three peaks at frequencies 640 KHz, 2.4 MHz and 2.9 MHz, respectively. Sensitivity reached to -132.02 dBrelv/ upa. The results indicated that under the pressure of acoustic frequencies the sensor response was directly proportional to pressure …

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A Calculation Method For Transport Properties For The Prediction Of Combustion Characteristics Of Marine Fuel Oils, Cherng-Yuan Lin, Tze-Chin Pan, Cheh-Shiung Chen Jun 1995

A Calculation Method For Transport Properties For The Prediction Of Combustion Characteristics Of Marine Fuel Oils, Cherng-Yuan Lin, Tze-Chin Pan, Cheh-Shiung Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The primary purpose of this study is to propose a calculation method of transport properties in numerical studies on the combustion of marine diesel fuel oils which are composed of undefined hydrocarbon components and various extents of immiscible matters. This proposed method is further applied to the theoretical analysis for the combustion model for a single liquid droplet. It is shown that fuel oil A has the properties of higher flame temperature and burning rate constant while lower stand-off ratio and mass burning rate than those of heavy fuel oil C. The proposed calculation procedure is also suggested to be …

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Optimization Of Design Parameters For Spines Of Various Geometries, Rong-Hua Yeh Jun 1995

Optimization Of Design Parameters For Spines Of Various Geometries, Rong-Hua Yeh

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This work presents a systematic study on the optimum base diameter, length, heat dissipation, temperature profile, and efficiency of spines by employing fin parameter versus fin efficiency method. The temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient is assumed to be a power-law type. Several common fin geometries including cylindrical, convex parabolic, conical, and concave parabolic profiles are investigated respectively. It is found that the optimum dimensions of spines are functions of fin volume, heat transfer coefficient at fin base, and thermal conductivity. To facilitate the thermal design of heat transfer components, simple mathematical expressions as well as design charts are presented.

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Aggregate Effect On Elastic Moduli Ofcement-Based Composite Materials, C.C. Yang, R. Huang, W. Yeih, I.C. Sue Jun 1995

Aggregate Effect On Elastic Moduli Ofcement-Based Composite Materials, C.C. Yang, R. Huang, W. Yeih, I.C. Sue

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The elastic moduli of cement-based composite materials with different types of aggregates were investigated in this study. Twelve mixes with various volume fractions (10%, 20%, and 30% ) were selected. Cylindrical specimens with a dimension of ∮ 10 x 20 cm were cast and tested. Electric strain gages were used and elastic moduli were obtained from the stressstrain curves. Theoretical moduli were calculated based on H-S bounds and micromechanics. Test results show that the types and volume fractions of aggregates significantly affect the elastic moduli of concrete composite materials and the theoretical predictions fairly agree with the experimental data.

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Note On Effect Of Elastic Deformation At The Root Of A Cantilever Beam, M.T. Liang, D.B. Chan Jun 1995

Note On Effect Of Elastic Deformation At The Root Of A Cantilever Beam, M.T. Liang, D.B. Chan

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Parkes neglected elastic strains and examined a classical problem of rigid- plastic structural dynamics for finding the deformation of a cantilever beam carrying a mass at its tip which is subjected to a short pulse loading. Symonds and Fleming examined the Parkes problem by making comparison between exact numerical solutions obtained from an ABAQUS program for an elastic-plastic beam and the rigid-plastic solution slightly modified to allow for large deformation. Further observation is acquired by comparision also with a simplified elastic-plastic approach based on treatment of elastic and plastic action in artificially separated stages. and Yu examined the Parkes problem …

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Simplified Procedure For Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Characteristics, Shuh-Gi Chern, Tain-Shyang Chang Jun 1995

Simplified Procedure For Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Characteristics, Shuh-Gi Chern, Tain-Shyang Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the evaluation of liquefaction characters for soil subjected to earthquake induced cyclic loading. Cyclic triaxial test results are used to develop the basic model. It is then used to evaluate cyclic shear strength τR, number of cycles required to cause liquefaction Nι or failure condition Nf , and the generation of excess pore water pressure Ug. The development of this model is a great breakthrough for the evaluation of liquefaction characteristics for soils under earthquake loadings.

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Engineering Properties And Application Of Cement-Based Fly Ash Blocks, R. Huang, J.J. Chang, W. Yeih Jun 1995

Engineering Properties And Application Of Cement-Based Fly Ash Blocks, R. Huang, J.J. Chang, W. Yeih

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Under the consideration of environmental protection, direct disposal of coal ash is not acceptable. It is required to solidify fly ash before ocean disposal or land disposal. The objective of this study is to investigate the properties and the possible applications of the solid blocks produced from fly ash. Thirty-six mixes have been proportioned using different cementing materials such as portland cement, lime, sludge treatment compound, and industrial silica slag. Extensive laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate the block properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and soundness. In addition, the possible engineering application is also evaluated. …

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Impression Creep Behavior In Weldments, S.H. Wang Jun 1994

Impression Creep Behavior In Weldments, S.H. Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

At high temperature application, the failures of dissimilar metal weldments associated with the relevant degradation processes, which include chemical diffusion, oxide notching, precipitation, softening of the heat affected zone (HAZ), and creep type voids leading to cracking. This reveals that a creep in a gradient related to the microstructural degradation exists. The impression creep test was applied to monitor the effects of microstructural gradients on the localized high temperature creep properties in an autogeneous GTA aluminum weldment, and an austenitic stainless steel to ferritic steel dissimilar metal weldment respectively. To simplify the complexity of microstructural gradients, multipass weldments in A36 …

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A Study Of Chloride Diffusion Properties Of Concrete At Early Age, W.D. Yeih, R. Huang, J.J. Chang Jun 1994

A Study Of Chloride Diffusion Properties Of Concrete At Early Age, W.D. Yeih, R. Huang, J.J. Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Existence of chloride ions in concrete may accelerate reinforcement corrosion. Chloride ions can penetrate into the concrete by the diffusion process even if no major cracks exist. It is well known that properties of concrete will change with time since the hydration reaction continues for a long time, which implies that the diffusion coefficient of concrete is a time-dependent function. In this research, the diffusion behavior is focused on early-age mortar and concrete. It is shown that the diffusion coefficient changes dramatically at early age; and the control of interface property is significantly important to chloride diffusion. The effect by …

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The Use Of Ac And Dc Methods For Corrosion Monitoring Of Reinforced Concrete Members In Marine Environment, R. Huang, W.D. Yeih, J.J. Chang, C.C. Yang Jun 1994

The Use Of Ac And Dc Methods For Corrosion Monitoring Of Reinforced Concrete Members In Marine Environment, R. Huang, W.D. Yeih, J.J. Chang, C.C. Yang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Reinforced concrete is the most common engineering material for civil structures. The durability of the concrete structures depends mainly on the corrosion of steel reinforcement. In general, concrete produces an alkaline environment for steel which passivates it, so preventing corrosion. Provided this passivity is maintained, no problem should arise with steel reinforcement. However, in certain environment, chloride ions can locally destroy very protective passive film of reinforcement even though concrete is still alkaline. This paper presents the corrosion results of reinforcing steel in concrete members in marine environment using the AC impedance technique and DC method.

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Vibration Analysis Of Timoshenko Beams Traversed By Moving Loads, Yih-Hwang Lin Jun 1994

Vibration Analysis Of Timoshenko Beams Traversed By Moving Loads, Yih-Hwang Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The purpose of this research is to apply the finite element method for dynamic analysis of Timoshenko beams traversed by moving loads. When an elastic structure is subjected to moving loads, the induced displacements and stresses are much higher than those of static loading conditions. Due to the prevalence of high speed machinery and the use of light and flexible structures to reduce the material cost, structural weight, and space requirement, dynamic analysis of such systems becomes crucial to ensure structural safety and required accuracy. In this study, the shear effect and rotary inertia were included for the analysis of …

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Analysis Of Homogeneous Slurry Pipe Flow, R. C. Chen Jun 1994

Analysis Of Homogeneous Slurry Pipe Flow, R. C. Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

An analysis is performed for the solid-liquid slurry pipe flow in the homogeneous flow regime. The transport and concentration equations are constructed based on two-liquid postulation and modified Rouse-Schmidt diffusion relation. By considering the interphase interaction effects, a general k-e model is applied to describe the turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation. Coupling with the physically-defined parameters, this model is able to obtain the axial velocities of the solid and liquid phases, the solid concentration distribution and the liquid turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate. Excellent agreement between the calculated axial velocity profiles and the experimental data obtained by Chen …

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Viscoelastic Buckling And Postbuckling Of Circular Cylindrical Laminated Shells In Hygrothermal Environment, N.N. Huang Jun 1994

Viscoelastic Buckling And Postbuckling Of Circular Cylindrical Laminated Shells In Hygrothermal Environment, N.N. Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The viscoelastic buckling and postbuckling behaviors of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) circular cylindrical shells, operating in the hygrothermal environment, subjected to uniform external pressure are investigated in this study. The FRP is assumed to be a hy grothermorheologically simple material (HTSM). The analysis is conducted within the framework of the quasielastic approach. The finite element method is employed to examine both buckling and postbuckling behaviors for shells having arbitrary layups. The arc-length algorithm is incorporated into the finite element formulations to trace the postlimit equilibrium path. The structural responses of Glass/Epoxy shells are reported.

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Analysis Of Three-Dimensional Pile Groups, M.T. Liang, Y. Liu Jun 1994

Analysis Of Three-Dimensional Pile Groups, M.T. Liang, Y. Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A numerical technique is presented in the analysis for loading behavior of general three-dimensional pile groups. The striking characteristics of the pile-group model may include raked pile, different pile sizes, non-uniform pile sections, soil inhomogeneit y, soil nonlinearity, and pile-soil-pile interaction. A typical six-pile group is analyzed and the results are compared with that obtained by four other computer programs that are based on different approaches. The computed solutions are shown to have reasonally good agreement with the measured values.

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Vibration Suppression Of Beam Structures Traversed By Multiple Moving Loads Using A Damped Absorber, Y.H. Lin, C.H. Cho Jun 1993

Vibration Suppression Of Beam Structures Traversed By Multiple Moving Loads Using A Damped Absorber, Y.H. Lin, C.H. Cho

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper deals with the dynamic analysis of a simply supported beam subjected to multiple discrete and distributed moving loads. Resonant vibration is observed for the support beam traversed by multiple discrete moving loads. A practical scheme is applied to reduce the excessive beam vibration to an acceptable range by using a damped absorber attached at the beam center. Lagrange's equation is used to formulated the system governing equation and Laplace transformation is applied to derive the dynamic responses for both the beam and the absorber, Various design parameters, such as the mass ratio, the tuning ratio, and the damping …

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Pitting Of Fe-Mn-Al Alloys In Nacl Solution, M Ruscak, T.P Perng Jun 1993

Pitting Of Fe-Mn-Al Alloys In Nacl Solution, M Ruscak, T.P Perng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

the increase of ferrite content. However, the nearly ferritic alloy showed much better passivation behavior, presumably due to the addition of 6% Cr.In aerated solution, no or very small passive region was observed. From the immersion test, the general corrosion was found to be minor. Pitting corrosion was the primary corrosion except for the ferritic alloy. The pits were found more frequently in the ferrite phase or at the interface between the ferrite and austenite phases.

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