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Articles 271 - 300 of 2055
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Pile Driving Adjacent To Municipal Drinking Water Storage Facility, R. Eric Zimmerman, Gregory R. Reuter, Chad A. Underwood
Pile Driving Adjacent To Municipal Drinking Water Storage Facility, R. Eric Zimmerman, Gregory R. Reuter, Chad A. Underwood
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
An unexpected response occurred as piles were driven within 3 feet of the west wall of an existing municipal drinking water storage reservoir. Being located in a confined urban space, the expansion of the parking garage at a facility on the south end of Lake Michigan required the installation of 122 steel H-piles as close as 3 feet to the reservoir. Historically, structures on the site were supported on either shallow spread footings or H-piles driven to bedrock. At the contractor’s suggestion, considerable project savings were achieved by driving the H-piles to an extremely hard clay layer (“Chicago hardpan”) above …
Repair Of Sunken Floor By Integrated Approach: A Case Study, P. K. Jain, Rakesh Kumar
Repair Of Sunken Floor By Integrated Approach: A Case Study, P. K. Jain, Rakesh Kumar
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The floors and non load bearing walls of a house, having expansive black cotton soil underneath, have been repaired by two methods. A part of the damaged house floors and walls were repaired by the conventional method i.e. removing the expansive soil completely and replacing with non expansive granular material. The remaining part was repaired by integrated approach as described later by Jain and Mewade (2010). The Jain and Mewade (2010) approach consists of removing the expansive soil underneath the damaged floor by about 0.5m, making 50mm diameter, 1m deep holes at 0.75m centre to centre and filling lime slurry …
Soil Reinforcement By Rigid Inclusions: Contamination Of An Oil Storage Tank, Mounir Bouassida, Wafy Bouassida
Soil Reinforcement By Rigid Inclusions: Contamination Of An Oil Storage Tank, Mounir Bouassida, Wafy Bouassida
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
An oil storage tank at the North suburb La Goulette (Tunisia) was founded on reinforced soft soil by floating sand columns of 6 m in length and 11% of improvement area ratio within a thick compressible clayey soil. Serious contamination of tank due to very significant differential settlement forces the decision to terminate its operations. Reinforcement by inclined rigid inclusions was suggested to neutralize the evolution of consolidation settlement in sub compressible clay layers. Numerical predictions were implemented for the study of the post behavior of tank on reinforced soil by rigid inclusions. Effectiveness of solution using inclined rigid inclusions …
A Case History Of A Deep Foundation Pit Constructed By Zoned Excavation Method In Shanghai Soft Deposit, Z. H. Xu, J. Zhang, C. Chen
A Case History Of A Deep Foundation Pit Constructed By Zoned Excavation Method In Shanghai Soft Deposit, Z. H. Xu, J. Zhang, C. Chen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
This paper presents a case history of a deep excavation for building foundation in Shanghai soft deposit. The excavated area was about 15916 m2. The excavation depth at the tower part was 15.0 m and at the podium part was 14.5 m to 15.2 m. Around the excavated pit, there existed many facilities including roads, the shield tunnels of the No.7 Metro, buildings, and pipelines. Zoned excavation method was adopted in this project. The excavation was divided into a relatively small pit (Zone I) and a big pit (Zone II). The small pit was just adjacent to the …
Accumulation Of Rainfall In The Permeable Fill Behind A Soil Nail Wall, S. Mohsen Haeri, Mohammadhasan Sasar, Kioumars Afshari
Accumulation Of Rainfall In The Permeable Fill Behind A Soil Nail Wall, S. Mohsen Haeri, Mohammadhasan Sasar, Kioumars Afshari
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
TOOBA deep excavation project was conducted in a densely developed area in the North West of Tehran, capital of Iran, to provide space for 4 basement levels for multiple buildings around the already functional TOOBA tower. Besides excavating on 3 sides of TOOBA tower, this project involved excavation to the depths varying from 9 to 28 meters depending on the sloping ground condition. A 5 story school building and a 2 story residential building abut the excavation boundary. Previous experience of constructed soil nail walls in cemented soils of Tehran indicated relatively small wall deformations. Therefore, except for the retaining …
Application Of Jacket Pack Anchor (Jp Anchor), Kim Tae-Seob, Cho Yoon-Ju
Application Of Jacket Pack Anchor (Jp Anchor), Kim Tae-Seob, Cho Yoon-Ju
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Jacket Pack Anchor(JP Anchor) is applied the irregular layer that general ground anchor is difficult to be applied such as soft layer(SPT-N values of less than 20) or gravel layer that grout lost. It makes sure of the pullout resistance required in these layers by the certain grout bulb formation and expansion effect. Thereby, Jacket Pack Anchor that is a new concept makes possible the construction improving and the cost saving in the excavation site. From the field test results, it was observed that the pullout resistance of Jacket Pack Anchor was about 84% greater than that of general ground …
Case Histories Of Earthen Dam Failures, R. P. Sharma, Ali Kumar
Case Histories Of Earthen Dam Failures, R. P. Sharma, Ali Kumar
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Historical study of dams conceived in earlier times is essential. To continue advancing, the engineering profession must periodically review past problems and the lessons that they taught. Candid sharing of information on failures as well as successes is needed. In fact, some of the most valuable learning has come from projects where errors have been clear in retrospect. In recent years, dam safety has drawn increasing attention from the public. This is because floods resulting from breaching of dams can lead to devastating disasters with tremendous loss of life and property, especially in densely populated areas. Past dam failure disasters …
Case Studies Of Dewatering And Foundation Design: Retail Warehouses In Taiwan, Barry S. Chen, Roy E. Jensen
Case Studies Of Dewatering And Foundation Design: Retail Warehouses In Taiwan, Barry S. Chen, Roy E. Jensen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The case studies in this paper describe three retail warehouse sites in Taiwan that have high groundwater tables in common, but that have drastically different soil conditions. Two of the sites are in dense, permeable gravel and cobble and the third site is in interbedded alluvial sand and clay. At the first site, shallow footings and slab-on-grade floors were placed on top of a permanent passive drainage system that required accurate seepage volume estimates in the permeable gravel and cobble. At the second site, the hydraulic conductivity of the gravel and cobble is high and is sensitive to fluctuation of …
Constructive Solutions To The Conservation Of Cultural Heritage, Miroslav Todorov
Constructive Solutions To The Conservation Of Cultural Heritage, Miroslav Todorov
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Bulgaria is a country with rich historical heritage and cultural diversity. The protection and conservation of cultural and historical monuments is vital to preserving the national identity of Bulgarians, the relationship with the land and traditional culture as an essential part of his life and means of survival. It should be noted Bulgarian modest contribution to the preservation of 7 (according to UNESCO) cultural monuments and two nature reserves listed as World Heritage. In the center of the Bulgarian capital - Sofia are located over 1400 cultural and historical monuments that highlight the civilizational and cultural outlook of the capital …
Embankment Construction Using Column Supported Embankment, Aravinda Ramakrishna, Elizabeth Trimpin, Raymond Mankbadi
Embankment Construction Using Column Supported Embankment, Aravinda Ramakrishna, Elizabeth Trimpin, Raymond Mankbadi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The construction of roadway embankments over soft, compressible soils challenges designers with managing large and differential settlements, maintaining embankment stability, and minimizing construction costs associated with long consolidation periods. These challenges can be successfully tackled with the use of an in-situ soil improvement technique such as the Column Supported Embankment (CSE). The Column Supported Embankment involves constructing a pattern of cement-grouted columns in-situ, using the vibro-displacement or displacement-auger technique. The columns are constructed to bear on dense sand strata underlying cohesive strata that would otherwise consolidate under the embankment loading. A load transfer platform (LTP) is used to effectively distribute …
Failure Investigation And Restoration Of Two Cellular Sheetpile Structures, Frank M. Clemente
Failure Investigation And Restoration Of Two Cellular Sheetpile Structures, Frank M. Clemente
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Trainer - Delco Tap - Mickleton 220-38 kilo-volt transmission lines are carried across the Delaware River by two 332-foot high steel latticed towers each founded on a man-made foundation island structure. Each island structure is comprised of four interconnected cellular sheetpile structures. One island, suffered a severe partial failure due to long-term scour in the Delaware River, near Chester, Pennsylvania. The other island exhibited early symptoms of potential failure, also due to scour. The client was the Philadelphia Electric Company, now known as PECO, acting on behalf of the owner, the Atlantic Electric Company (AECO). The author served as …
Lessons From Revisiting Three Cases Of Slope Failure, Konstantina Papadopoulou, George Gazetas
Lessons From Revisiting Three Cases Of Slope Failure, Konstantina Papadopoulou, George Gazetas
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Three old failures of geotechnical projects are analyzed, where some original design uncertainties were lately discovered. The first case concerns the failure during construction of a slope at the portal area of a tunnel in Greece, due to unexpected excessive water pressures. The failure was restricted to the upper weathered zone of flysh formation. Due to difficulties in performing laboratory tests with such hard soil material necessitated the estimation of shear strength parameters on the basis of the rockmass classification systems. The next case deals with an extensive failure of an open pit mine slope in Greece. The ground consists …
Numerical Analyses Of Soil Deformations Around Deep Excavations, Oktay Sevencan, Kutay Ozaydin, Havvanur Kilic
Numerical Analyses Of Soil Deformations Around Deep Excavations, Oktay Sevencan, Kutay Ozaydin, Havvanur Kilic
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In this study, the deep excavation of Cincin Station located along the Bağcılar - Otogar metro line which is currently under construction in Istanbul is modeled numerically. The excavation (depth 32.5 m) of the station is carried out with a surrounding slurry trench diaphragm wall and top-down construction method. The six slabs of the station building and the foundation mat are used as support elements. Lateral soil displacements are measured with inclinometers placed in the wall and nearby soil layers. The results of numerical analysis using soil profile and geotechnical parameters obtained from conventional field and laboratory tests and measured …
Review Of The Seismic Retrofitting Of Sardis Dam, Randa Asmar, Abdul Qudoos Khan
Review Of The Seismic Retrofitting Of Sardis Dam, Randa Asmar, Abdul Qudoos Khan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Most of the dams in Central United States, built in earlier part of 20th century are hydraulic fill dams. At the time of construction of these dams, earthquake engineering was still in its infancy and hence the dams lacked proper seismic design. Failure or near failure of earth dams as a consequence of earthquakes forced the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to re-evaluate the seismic performance of major earth dams in the Central United States, one of these dams was Sardis Dam. Investigations of Sardis Dam revealed a potentially liquefiable silty clay layer under the upstream shell. It …
Stabilization Of A Failed Highway Slope: A Multi-Phased Approach, Jeffrey T. Anagnostou, Anthony S. Nestor, Purushottam Deo, Heidi Flateau
Stabilization Of A Failed Highway Slope: A Multi-Phased Approach, Jeffrey T. Anagnostou, Anthony S. Nestor, Purushottam Deo, Heidi Flateau
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A county road department in Southeastern Michigan was faced with the problem of stabilizing a slope along the Clinton River supporting a heavily trafficked roadway. The roadway and supporting slope had performed satisfactorily for over 50 years. However, a reinforced concrete seawall that had partially supported the slope deteriorated over time, contributing to progressive failure of the slope and resulting damage to the roadway. The site is situated within the glacial lake plain district of Southeastern Michigan. The site geology consists of approximately 7 feet of over-consolidated clays underlain by approximately 17 feet of normally consolidated glacial-lacustrine clays. Below the …
Underpinning A Residential Structure On Uncontrolled Fill With Helical Screw-Piles, Alan J. Lutenegger
Underpinning A Residential Structure On Uncontrolled Fill With Helical Screw-Piles, Alan J. Lutenegger
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Underpinning of a private residence using square-shaft helical Screw-Piles is described. A two story wood frame single-family residence constructed in 1996 in a small subdivision started to experience differential settlement not long after construction. The settlement continued for several years, leading to excessive cracking in the basement walls and floor, severe misalignment of doors and windows and cracking of interior walls. It was discovered that the area of the housing development had previously been used as a commercial sand and gravel pit which had subsequently been used as a local dumping area for miscellaneous refuse and which had then been …
Failures And Remediation Of Rock Slope Stability Problems And Remediation At Earthquakes At Part Of Werka Descent Road West Of Saudi Arabia, Bahaaeldin Sadagah
Failures And Remediation Of Rock Slope Stability Problems And Remediation At Earthquakes At Part Of Werka Descent Road West Of Saudi Arabia, Bahaaeldin Sadagah
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Werka descent road lies at western region of Saudi Arabia. It is constructed two years ago harmed due to rainstorm and absence of remedial measures. Werka mountainous road subjected to failures of man-made rock slope faces, and debris flow along both sides of 8-m width road. Intensive geotechnical study includes the RMR and GSI rock masses classifications were applied indicates that the rocks are medium to poor quality. The integrated techniques such as graphical method, modeling, and simulation were utilized to assess rock slope failures and rockfalls by using DIPS, RocFall, RocPlane and Swedge programs, and recommend the remedial measures …
Backward Erosion Piping Model Verification Using Cases In China And The Netherlands, V. M. Van Beek, Q. L. Yao, M. A. Van
Backward Erosion Piping Model Verification Using Cases In China And The Netherlands, V. M. Van Beek, Q. L. Yao, M. A. Van
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Backward erosion piping, the process of shallow pipe development in the sandy foundation of levees, is a threat to the safety of levees in countries like China and the Netherlands. Several models are available to predict the required critical head for this phenomenon, i.e. Bligh’s model and Sellmeijer’s model. Well-documented breach cases, which unfortunately are rare, give the opportunity to verify the applicability of prediction models. In this paper two piping cases in China and one piping case in the Netherlands have been described and analyzed in order to compare the outcome of prediction models with this actual data. It …
Investigation Of The Effect Of Modeling Of Control Tunnel In Retaining Structure Of J2 Station Of Mashhad Metro Using Plaxis 2d, S. M. Mousavi, F. Rouzmehr, A. H. Fazli
Investigation Of The Effect Of Modeling Of Control Tunnel In Retaining Structure Of J2 Station Of Mashhad Metro Using Plaxis 2d, S. M. Mousavi, F. Rouzmehr, A. H. Fazli
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Nowadays using of underground concrete arch excavation method is very common for execution of retaining structures (soldier structure) of deep and semi deep metro stations all around the world. In this method executer can use retaining structure as a part of main structure of station in next construction steps with using of piles of retaining structure as a part of main structure's wall. One of the first steps in building retaining structure of metro station is control tunnel (patrol tunnel) that usually is a prefabricated controlling tunnel in the middle of retaining structure. This tunnel is used for digging bores …
Stability Analysis Of Behesht-Abad Water Conveyance Tunnel Inlet Portal Using Experimental, Limit Equilibrium And Numerical Methods, Arash Mohammadi, Mahmoud Hashemi, Hooman Sharifpour
Stability Analysis Of Behesht-Abad Water Conveyance Tunnel Inlet Portal Using Experimental, Limit Equilibrium And Numerical Methods, Arash Mohammadi, Mahmoud Hashemi, Hooman Sharifpour
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Behesht-abad Water Conveyance Tunnel is one of the most important tunnels conveying water to central Iran plain having 60 km length and 6 m diameter. The tunnel portal intersects with important faults of the region which is nearby Ardal city. Therefore, the rock mass surrounding the tunnel portal faces instability problem. Initially, the joints characteristics of the rock mass surrounding the inlet portal were evaluated to find the dominant joint sets along with the characteristics required for stability analyses inputs. Also the deformation modulus and other engineering properties of the rock mass were assessed using the available drilled boreholes …
Landslide Stabilization Along The Ohio River Using Cantilevered Stub Piers, Swaminathan Srinivasan, Jess A. Schroeder
Landslide Stabilization Along The Ohio River Using Cantilevered Stub Piers, Swaminathan Srinivasan, Jess A. Schroeder
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Landslide activity along U.S. 50 in Cincinnati, Ohio has caused roadway damage for decades. After a necessary closure of 3 lanes due to slope movements, emergency stabilization measures were undertaken to protect the roadway by providing a “pseudo” short-term solution (target 3 to 5 years) necessitated by ODOT budget constraints. The landslide shear plane was near the top of a sloping bedrock surface as much as 50 feet below grade. “Stub Piers” were installed 40 feet downslope of the roadway shoulder. The shafts were heavily reinforced across the deep shear plane but steel reinforcing did not extend the full length …
M-222 Slope Stabilization Case History – Geotechnical Lessons Learned From Michigan Department Of Transportation Design Build Project, Michael J. Thelen, Daniel A. Thome
M-222 Slope Stabilization Case History – Geotechnical Lessons Learned From Michigan Department Of Transportation Design Build Project, Michael J. Thelen, Daniel A. Thome
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In 2009, the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) became concerned about ongoing slope movements adjacent to a segment of M-222 located on outside bend of the Kalamazoo River in the City of Allegan, Michigan. Over the next couple years, continued river erosion and seasonally wet springs caused 8- to 10-foot high scarps adjacent to M-222, condemnation of a home, and several large block slides into the river. In the early spring of 2011, MDOT secured their first Construction Manager/General Contractor (CMGC) delivery method contract to protect M-222 and repair the slope. Improvements included constructing an up to 26-foot tall retaining …
Field Testing Of Crushed Ignimbrite For Seismic Retrofit Of Matahina Dam, Lelio H. Mejia
Field Testing Of Crushed Ignimbrite For Seismic Retrofit Of Matahina Dam, Lelio H. Mejia
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The performance of zoned embankment dams depends on the ability of filter and drain zones to prevent seepage erosion and piping of impervious materials, while providing adequate internal drainage. Because cracking of filter and drain zones might compromise their function, special care is typically exercised to build such zones of cohesionless materials that are unable to support cracks. Limited information is available on the cracking susceptibility of filter and drain materials manufactured by rock crushing. This paper presents a case history of field and laboratory testing of a crushed ignimbrite rock to evaluate its suitability as filter and drain material …
Over Eight Decades Old “Young” Landslide – A Case Study, Kishor Kumar, P. S. Prasad, Anil Kathait, Indervir Singh
Over Eight Decades Old “Young” Landslide – A Case Study, Kishor Kumar, P. S. Prasad, Anil Kathait, Indervir Singh
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Shirobagad also named as Kaliasaur Landslide was developed in the year 1920 at kilometer-147 on National Highway – 58 (earlier named as State Highway - 45) at latitude 300 14’ 30” N and longitude780 53’ 57” in Garhwal region of western Himalaya. This landslide has been investigated by a number of organizations in India and a wealth of data has been generated mainly on geological aspects. Central Road Research Institute has also investigated this landslide during 2007-2011 covering geological as well as geotechnical aspects. The study area basically encompasses metavolcanis and variants of quartzite rock (e.g. pink and white quartzite) …
Self Hardening Slurry Wall Installation By Hydromill At The Herbert Hoover Dike – An Innovative Solution, Mario Mauro, Carlos Morales, Jeff Taylor
Self Hardening Slurry Wall Installation By Hydromill At The Herbert Hoover Dike – An Innovative Solution, Mario Mauro, Carlos Morales, Jeff Taylor
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
In 2007 the US Army Corps of Engineers classified the Herbert Hoover Dike in Florida as a DSAC 1 dam, and started the implementation of one of the largest dam rehabilitation projects in the nation. The construction of the cutoff wall is a key feature of this rehabilitation work to upgrade the dike to current dam safety criteria. The cutoff wall installation is currently being completed on Reach 1, which extends from Port Mayaca to Belle Glade, under a Multiple Task Order Contract based on performance specifications and stringent verification criteria. For the construction of the cutoff wall TREVIICOS selected …
Stability Analysis Of The Serchio River Flood Plain Embankments (Tuscany, Italy), Nunziante Squeglia, Barbara Cosanti, Diego C. F. Lo Presti
Stability Analysis Of The Serchio River Flood Plain Embankments (Tuscany, Italy), Nunziante Squeglia, Barbara Cosanti, Diego C. F. Lo Presti
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Following the geotechnical characterization of 30 km long flood - plain embankments of the Serchio River (Tuscany – Italy), a number of numerical analyses have been carried out. The embankments have been constructed since the XVIII century and have experienced several failures in the years (the last in December 2009). The geotechnical characterization of the river embankments and the 2009 flood are described in a companion paper in this Conference. This paper shows the results of numerical analyses that have been carried out for various purposes. More specifically, the numerical analyses were carried out a) to clarify the causes of …
Ground Motion Amplification From Vertical Propagation Of Earthquake Waves, Nien-Yin Chang, Roger L. Torres
Ground Motion Amplification From Vertical Propagation Of Earthquake Waves, Nien-Yin Chang, Roger L. Torres
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The paper is directed to follow a procedure where seismic responses are identified and recommendations to proceed with their applications are made quickly and economically, before engaging in a complex analysis. It is not intended for selecting design soil parameters or earthquake parameters for the final design of any specific dam. A selected earthquake accelerogram will produce response accelerations and strains that will cover a significant variety of accelerograms in terms of severity of earthquake damage to an earth dam. Scaling-up and scaling-down the selected outcrop motion broadens the spectrum of seismic response analyses using simple and effective SHAKE program …
Lateral Movements Of A Bridge Abutment Due To Compressible Foundation Soils, Alper Turan, Tony Sangiuliano, M. Shahria Alam, M. Hesham El Naggar
Lateral Movements Of A Bridge Abutment Due To Compressible Foundation Soils, Alper Turan, Tony Sangiuliano, M. Shahria Alam, M. Hesham El Naggar
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Highway approach embankments are often constructed over weak and compressible soils. The consolidation settlements induced by the embankment loads are known to result in downdrag forces and lateral forces on the piles supporting the bridge abutments. Several approaches are commonly employed during construction of highway bridges in Ontario in order to reduce these forces. These approaches include: preloading and surcharging to achieve the anticipated settlements prior to the installation of abutment piles; application of lightweight fill materials such as expanded polystyrene and expanded pelletized blast furnace to reduce embankment loads; and measures to expedite pore water pressure dissipation such as …
The Consolidation Behavior Of The Clay-Core In A Rock Fill Dam — Atatürk Dam Case Study, Atila Sezen, M. Atilla Ansal
The Consolidation Behavior Of The Clay-Core In A Rock Fill Dam — Atatürk Dam Case Study, Atila Sezen, M. Atilla Ansal
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Unexpectedly large settlements occurred in the 165 meter high clay core of Atatürk Dam during the reservoir filling stage. An investigation was conducted based on laboratory experiments and numerical analysis. Consolidation tests were performed on compacted samples under stress levels expected to take place in the field by considering the possible factors affecting the consolidation behavior. The experimental findings were used to model the observed settlements based on a parametric study and by back-calculation. The total expected settlements were determined to be in the order of 16.0 m. While a good fit was captured between the observed and modeled settlements …
Influence Of Dam And Foundation Discountinuities Using Discountinuum Approach — A Case Study, Shilpa Pal, Dilip K. Paul
Influence Of Dam And Foundation Discountinuities Using Discountinuum Approach — A Case Study, Shilpa Pal, Dilip K. Paul
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Dam-foundation interaction plays an important role in the design and analysis of concrete gravity dams as has been reviewed from the failures of dams in the literature. The objective of the study is to understand the behavior of a concrete gravity dam taking into account the effect of dam and foundation discontinuities using three-dimensional Distinct Element Code. Different models have been formulated considering the complexities involved in the modeling of the dam structure, dam-foundation system and the results have been compared. Modeling the dam with the discontinuity in the form of crack which runs through the concrete section has a …