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Articles 2581 - 2610 of 3518
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Adaptive Critic Designs For Optimal Control Of Power Systems, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley
Adaptive Critic Designs For Optimal Control Of Power Systems, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The increasing complexity of the modern power grid highlights the need for advanced modeling and control techniques for effective control of excitation, turbine and flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). The crucial factors affecting the modern power systems today is voltage and load flow control. Simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment and realtime laboratory experimental studies carried out are described and the results show the successful control of the power system elements and the entire power system with adaptive and optimal neurocontrol schemes. Performances of the neurocontrollers are compared with the conventional PI controllers for damping under different operating conditions for …
Emi Specifics Of Synchronous Dc-Dc Buck Converters, Zhe Li, David Pommerenke
Emi Specifics Of Synchronous Dc-Dc Buck Converters, Zhe Li, David Pommerenke
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
DC-DC buck converter topology is widely used in computers and telecom applications because of its high power efficiency and multiple DC levels. However, EMI can be an issue because of its fast switching characteristics and large currents. This paper addresses the analysis of radiated EMI problems associated with DC-DC buck converters and evaluates the effectiveness of solutions that minimize the reverse recovery of the drain-bulk diode of the synchronous switching MOSFET.
A Microphone Array System For Multimedia Applications With Near-Field Signal Targets, Y. Rosa Zheng, M. El-Tanany, R. A. Goubran, Hongchi Shi
A Microphone Array System For Multimedia Applications With Near-Field Signal Targets, Y. Rosa Zheng, M. El-Tanany, R. A. Goubran, Hongchi Shi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A microphone array beamforming system is proposed for multimedia communication applications using four sets of small planar arrays mounted on a computer monitor. A new virtual array approach is employed such that the original signals received by the array elements are weighted and delayed to synthesize a large, nonuniformly spaced, harmonically nested virtual array covering the frequency band [50, 7000] Hz of the wideband telephony. Subband multirate processing and near-field beamforming techniques are then used jointly by the nested virtual array to improve the performances in reverberant environments. A new beamforming algorithm is also proposed using a broadband near-field spherically …
A Novel Method Based On Neural Networks To Distinguish Between Load Harmonics And Source Harmonics In A Power System, Joy Mazumdar, Frank C. Lambert, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley
A Novel Method Based On Neural Networks To Distinguish Between Load Harmonics And Source Harmonics In A Power System, Joy Mazumdar, Frank C. Lambert, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
An Efficient Method For Supporting Multiple Types Of Services On Smart Server, Chang-Soo Kim, Yu-Hyeon Bak, Seung-Joe Bae, Jin-Mee Kim, Sang-Min Woo, Seung-Hyup Jeon, Won-Jae Lee, Hag-Young Kim
An Efficient Method For Supporting Multiple Types Of Services On Smart Server, Chang-Soo Kim, Yu-Hyeon Bak, Seung-Joe Bae, Jin-Mee Kim, Sang-Min Woo, Seung-Hyup Jeon, Won-Jae Lee, Hag-Young Kim
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Greetings From The Technical Program Chair, Steve Eugene Watkins
Greetings From The Technical Program Chair, Steve Eugene Watkins
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
The Inns President's Welcome, Donald C. Wunsch
The Inns President's Welcome, Donald C. Wunsch
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Modeling Of Multi-Converter More Electric Ship Power Systems Using The Generalized State Space Averaging Method, Madan M. Jalla, Ali Emadi, Geoffrey A. Williamson, Babak Fahimi
Modeling Of Multi-Converter More Electric Ship Power Systems Using The Generalized State Space Averaging Method, Madan M. Jalla, Ali Emadi, Geoffrey A. Williamson, Babak Fahimi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
based on the more electric ship (MES) concept, conventional mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic power transfer systems are replaced by electrical systems in different sea vehicles. Considering different levels of power requirements of various electrical loads and for the achievement of compact, light, safe, and efficient power supplies, implementation of multi-converter power electronics-based power systems is the most feasible option in the development of advanced navy vehicles. This paper presents a modular approach for the modeling and simulation of multiconverter MES power systems based on the generalized state space averaging method. MES power systems may consist of many individual converters connected …
Real Time State Estimation Of Multi-Converter More Electric Ship Power Systems Using The Generalized State Space Averaging Method, Madan M. Jalla, Ali Emadi, Geoffrey A. Williamson, Babak Fahimi
Real Time State Estimation Of Multi-Converter More Electric Ship Power Systems Using The Generalized State Space Averaging Method, Madan M. Jalla, Ali Emadi, Geoffrey A. Williamson, Babak Fahimi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper presents a real time state estimation algorithm for control and security maintenance of multi-converter MES power electronic systems. Estimation of the state variables of the system includes the effects of ripples and converter switching actions. the proposed state estimator is based on the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) approach. Generalized state space averaging technique in which we consider the DC value of the state variables, and their harmonics is used to model DC/DC converters for the state estimator. in this paper, after introducing the proposed approach and the concept of security and control assessments, results of applying the proposed …
Evaluating The Repair Of System-On-Chip (Soc) Using Connectivity, Minsu Choi, Nohpill Park, Vincenzo Piuri, Fabrizio Lombardi
Evaluating The Repair Of System-On-Chip (Soc) Using Connectivity, Minsu Choi, Nohpill Park, Vincenzo Piuri, Fabrizio Lombardi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper presents a new model for analyzing the repairability of reconfigurable system-on-chip (RSoC) instrumentation with the repair process. It exploits the connectivity of the interconnected cores in which unreliability factors due to both neighboring cores and the interconnect structure are taken into account. Based on the connectivity, two RSoC repair scheduling strategies, Minimum Number of Interconnections First (I-MIN) and Minimum Number of Neighboring Cores First (C-MIN), are proposed. Two other scheduling strategies, Maximum Number of Interconnections First (I-MAX) and Maximum Number of Neighboring cores First (C-MAX), are also introduced and analyzed to further explore the impact of connectivity-based repair …
Analysis And Control Of A Buck Dc-Dc Converter Operating With Constant Power Load In Sea And Undersea Vehicles, Claudio Rivetta, Ali Emadi, Geoffrey A. Williamson, Ranjit Jayabalan, Babak Fahimi
Analysis And Control Of A Buck Dc-Dc Converter Operating With Constant Power Load In Sea And Undersea Vehicles, Claudio Rivetta, Ali Emadi, Geoffrey A. Williamson, Ranjit Jayabalan, Babak Fahimi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Power electronics based zonal DC power distribution systems are being considered for sea and undersea vehicles. the stability of the DC power electronics-based power distribution systems is a significant design consideration because of the potential for negative impedance induced instabilities. in this paper, dynamic properties and control of a buck converter feeding a downstream DC-DC converter are studied. the controller in this system combines an instantaneous current feedback loop using hysteresis with a proportional-integral algorithm to regulate the output voltage of the converter. based on a large-signal averaged model of the converter, the stability-in-large around the operation point is presented. …
Applications Of Power Electronics-Based Systems In Vehicular Technology: State-Of-The-Art And Future Trends, R. Jayabalan, Babak Fahimi, A. Koenig, Steven Pekarek
Applications Of Power Electronics-Based Systems In Vehicular Technology: State-Of-The-Art And Future Trends, R. Jayabalan, Babak Fahimi, A. Koenig, Steven Pekarek
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Power electronics-Based systems and components have been increasingly used in land, air, and sea vehicles over the past decade. This has turned the vehicular products into a primary market for power electronics applications. Moreover, the existing trend in more electrification of the vehicles represents an even bigger potential for an increase in the existing demand. Although the primary incentive for introduction of multi-converter systems into vehicular technologies was to enhance fuel economy and environmental issues associated with vehicles; today, improvement of fault tolerance, cost, and compactness have boosted the motivation for development of the more electric vehicles. the use of …
Versatile Hardware And Software Tools For Educating Students In Power Electronics, Joshua M. Williams, James L. Cale, Nicholas D. Benavides, Jeff D. Wooldridge, Andreas C. Koenig, Jerry L. Tichenor, Steven D. Pekarek
Versatile Hardware And Software Tools For Educating Students In Power Electronics, Joshua M. Williams, James L. Cale, Nicholas D. Benavides, Jeff D. Wooldridge, Andreas C. Koenig, Jerry L. Tichenor, Steven D. Pekarek
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A new power electronics laboratory has been constructed at the University of Missouri - Rolla. Key components of the laboratory are a set of custom- designed hardware and software tools. the novel hardware tools include five mobile power electronics testbeds that each contain the semiconductor devices, gate-drive boards, voltage and current sensors, and computer interface connections required to study a wide range of circuit topologies and control techniques. Novel software tools include a set of virtual instruments used for control, data capture, and data analysis. a description of these tools, along with their use in power electronics courses, laboratory exercises, …
Extended Operation Of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverters, Jing Huang, Keith Corzine
Extended Operation Of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverters, Jing Huang, Keith Corzine
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Recent research in flying capacitor multilevel inverters (FCMIs) has shown that the number of voltage levels can be extended by changing the ratio of the capacitor voltages. For the three-cell FCMI, four levels of operation are expected if the traditional ratio of the capacitor voltages is 1:2:3. However, by altering the ratio, the inverter can operate as a five-, six-, seven-, or eight-level inverter. According to previous research, the eight-level case is referred to as maximally distended (or full binary combination schema) since it utilizes all possible transistor switching states. However, this case does not have enough per-phase redundancy to …
Electrical Material Property Measurements Using A Free-Field, Ultra-Wideband System [Dielectric Measurements], C. A. Grosvenor, R. Johnk, D. Novotny, S. Canales, J. Baker-Jarvis, M. Janezic, James L. Drewniak, Marina Koledintseva, Jianmin Zhang, Poorna Chander Ravva
Electrical Material Property Measurements Using A Free-Field, Ultra-Wideband System [Dielectric Measurements], C. A. Grosvenor, R. Johnk, D. Novotny, S. Canales, J. Baker-Jarvis, M. Janezic, James L. Drewniak, Marina Koledintseva, Jianmin Zhang, Poorna Chander Ravva
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
We present nondestructive measurements of material properties using TEM horn antennas and an ultra-wideband measurement system. Time-domain gating and genetic algorithms are used to process the data and extract the dielectric properties of the material under test.
Eaf Voltage Flicker Mitigation By Facts/Ess, Li Zhang, Yilu Liu, Michael R. Ingram, Dale T. Bradshaw, Steve Eckroad, Mariesa Crow
Eaf Voltage Flicker Mitigation By Facts/Ess, Li Zhang, Yilu Liu, Michael R. Ingram, Dale T. Bradshaw, Steve Eckroad, Mariesa Crow
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
One of the problems caused by an electrical arc furnace (EAF) is voltage fluctuation from the variations of the active and reactive furnace load, which are known as voltage flickers. In this paper, voltage flicker mitigation results by different FACTS and energy storage systems (ESS) were presented. The system X/R ratio looking from the point of common coupling, which has a special impact on the effectiveness of active compensation, was discussed. The study has clarified the misunderstanding of how the system X/R ratio should be calculated. The study showed that FACTS with ESS could play a better role than reactive …
Evaluating Conduction Loss Of A Parallel Igbt-Mosfet Combination, Jonathan W. Kimball, Patrick L. Chapman
Evaluating Conduction Loss Of A Parallel Igbt-Mosfet Combination, Jonathan W. Kimball, Patrick L. Chapman
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A variety of power devices are available to designers, each with specific advantages and limitations. For inverters, typically an IGBT combined with a p-i-n diode is used to obtain high current density. Recent developments in high-voltage MOSFETs support other alternatives. For example, a MOSFET can be paralleled with an IGBT to reduce losses at low currents, while the IGBT carries the load at high currents. The current work evaluates conduction losses in this configuration, showing applicability to generic inverters.
Landmine Detection And Discrimination Using High-Pressure Waterjets, Daryl G. Beetner, R. Joe Stanley, Sanjeev Agarwal, Deepak R. Somasundaram, Kopal Nema, Bhargav Mantha
Landmine Detection And Discrimination Using High-Pressure Waterjets, Daryl G. Beetner, R. Joe Stanley, Sanjeev Agarwal, Deepak R. Somasundaram, Kopal Nema, Bhargav Mantha
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Methods of locating and identifying buried landmines using high-pressure waterjets were investigated. Methods were based on the sound produced when the waterjet strikes a buried object. Three classification techniques were studied, based on temporal, spectral, and a combination of temporal and spectral approaches using weighted density distribution functions, a maximum likelihood approach, and hidden Markov models, respectively. Methods were tested with laboratory data from low-metal content simulants and with field data from inert real landmines. Results show that the sound made when the waterjet hit a buried object could be classified with a 90% detection rate and an 18% false …
Probabilistic Balancing Of Fault Coverage And Test Cost In Combined Built-In Self-Test/Automated Test Equipment Testing Environment, Shanrui Zhang, Minsu Choi, Nohpill Park, Fabrizio Lombardi
Probabilistic Balancing Of Fault Coverage And Test Cost In Combined Built-In Self-Test/Automated Test Equipment Testing Environment, Shanrui Zhang, Minsu Choi, Nohpill Park, Fabrizio Lombardi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
As design and test complexities of SoCs ever intensify, the balanced utilization of combined built-in self-test (BIST) and automated test equipment (ATE) testing becomes desirable to meet the required minimum-fault-coverage while maintaining an acceptable cost overhead. The cost associated with combined BIST/ATE testing of such systems mainly consists of 1) the cost induced by the BIST area overhead and 2) the cost induced by the overall testing time. In general, BIST is significantly faster than ATE, while it can provide only limited fault-coverage, and driving higher fault-coverage from BIST means additional area cost overhead. On the other hand, higher fault-coverage …
Modeling Yield Of Carbon-Nanotube/Silicon-Nanowire Fet-Based Nanoarray Architecture With H-Hot Addressing Scheme, Shanrui Zhang, Minsu Choi, Nohpill Park
Modeling Yield Of Carbon-Nanotube/Silicon-Nanowire Fet-Based Nanoarray Architecture With H-Hot Addressing Scheme, Shanrui Zhang, Minsu Choi, Nohpill Park
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
With molecular-scale materials, devices and fabrication techniques recently being developed, high-density computing systems in the nanometer domain emerge. An array-based nanoarchitecture has been recently proposed based on nanowires such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silicon nanowires (SiNWs). High-density nanoarray-based systems consisting of nanometer-scale elements are likely to have many imperfections; thus, defect-tolerance is considered one of the most significant challenges. In this paper we propose a probabilistic yield model for the array-based nanoarchitecture. The proposed yield model can be used (1) to accurately estimate the raw and net array densities, and (2) to design and optimize more defect and fault-tolerant …
An Error Analysis Of The Multirate Method For Power System Transient Stability Simulation, Jingjia Chen, Mariesa Crow, Badrul H. Chowdhury, Levent Acar
An Error Analysis Of The Multirate Method For Power System Transient Stability Simulation, Jingjia Chen, Mariesa Crow, Badrul H. Chowdhury, Levent Acar
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This efficient application of any numerical integration method depends on accurate estimation of the local truncation error to govern step size control. In this paper, the local truncation error of the multirate method using the forward Euler integration is derived leading to the calculation of the optimal step ratio. The techniques of applying multirate method in power systems are discussed. By implementing the multirate method in a practical power system example, the multirate strategies are proved to be efficient compared with traditional simulation methods.
Bulk Power System Low Frequency Oscillation Suppression By Facts/Ess, Li Zhang, Y. Liu, Michael R. Ingram, Dale T. Bradshaw, Steve Eckroad, Mariesa Crow
Bulk Power System Low Frequency Oscillation Suppression By Facts/Ess, Li Zhang, Y. Liu, Michael R. Ingram, Dale T. Bradshaw, Steve Eckroad, Mariesa Crow
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Low frequency oscillations in the interconnected power systems are observed all around the world. In this paper, the authors studied the inter-area mode low frequency oscillations by analyzing the phenomena in Nashville area of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) system. Our study revealed 4 dynamic groups of generators in this area. Within each group, generators swing together and have the same dynamic trend. Generators from different dynamic groups swing against each other. The authors studied the possibility of using a FACTS/ESS controller to damp the low frequency oscillations in Nashville area. The active power is controlled to damp the low …
Integrated Vlsi Potentiostat For Cyclic Voltammetry In Electrolytic Reactions, Harpreet S. Narula, John G. Harris
Integrated Vlsi Potentiostat For Cyclic Voltammetry In Electrolytic Reactions, Harpreet S. Narula, John G. Harris
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper describes a CMOS integrated potentiostatic control circuit. The design maintains a constant bias potential between the reference and working electrodes for an amperometric chemical sensor. A technique of converting input currents into time for amperometric measurements is proposed. Redox currents ranging from IpA to 200nA can be measured with a maximum non-linearity of ±0.1% over this range. The design can be used to generate a cyclic voltammogram for an electrochemical reaction by sweeping the voltages across the range specified by the user. Analog inputs are processed, and digital outputs are generated without requiring a power-hungry A/D converter. A …
Multi-Class Cancer Classification By Semi-Supervised Ellipsoid Artmap With Gene Expression Data, Rui Xu, Donald C. Wunsch, Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos
Multi-Class Cancer Classification By Semi-Supervised Ellipsoid Artmap With Gene Expression Data, Rui Xu, Donald C. Wunsch, Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
To accurately identify the site of origin of a tumor is crucial to cancer diagnosis and treatment. With the emergence of DNA microarray technologies, constructing gene expression profiles for different cancer types has already become a promising means for cancer classification. In addition to binary classification, the discrimination of multiple tumor types is also important semi-supervised ellipsoid ARTMAP (ssEAM) is a novel neural network architecture rooted in adaptive resonance theory suitable for classification tasks. ssEAM can achieve fast, stable and finite learning and create hyper-ellipsoidal clusters inducing complex nonlinear decision boundaries. Here, we demonstrate the capability of ssEAM to discriminate …
Low-Input-Voltage, Low-Power Boost Converter Design Issues, Jonathan W. Kimball, Theresa L. Flowers, Patrick L. Chapman
Low-Input-Voltage, Low-Power Boost Converter Design Issues, Jonathan W. Kimball, Theresa L. Flowers, Patrick L. Chapman
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Issues associated with boost converter design and performance are investigated when a low input voltage is used. Low-input-voltage sources include single fuel cells, single solar cells, and thermoelectric devices. The primary context is interfacing single micro fuel cells to portable electronic loads, such as mobile phones. Efficiency and circuit startup are the two most difficult issues for a low-cost design. It is shown in theory and experiment that the boost converter has a voltage collapse point. A simple startup technique is proposed that is appropriate for some applications.
Exploiting Independent Filter Bandwidth Of Human Factor Cepstral Coefficients In Automatic Speech Recognition, Mark D. Skowronski, John G. Harris
Exploiting Independent Filter Bandwidth Of Human Factor Cepstral Coefficients In Automatic Speech Recognition, Mark D. Skowronski, John G. Harris
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are the most widely used speech features in automatic speech recognition systems, primarily because the coefficients fit well with the assumptions used in hidden Markov models and because of the superior noise robustness of MFCC over alternative feature sets such as linear prediction-based coefficients. The authors have recently introduced human factor cepstral coefficients (HFCC), a modification of MFCC that uses the known relationship between center frequency and critical bandwidth from human psychoacoustics to decouple filter bandwidth from filter spacing. In this work, the authors introduce a variation of HFCC called HFCC-E in which filter bandwidth …
Electromagnetic Interference Of System On Package, Toshio Sudo, Hideki Sasaki, Norio Masuda, James L. Drewniak
Electromagnetic Interference Of System On Package, Toshio Sudo, Hideki Sasaki, Norio Masuda, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues are expected to be crucial for next-generation system-on-package (SOP) integrated high-performance digital LSIs and for radio frequency (RF) and analog circuits. Ordinarily in SOPs, high-performance digital LSIs are sources of EMI, while RF and analog circuits are affected by EMI (victims). This paper describes the following aspects of EMI in SOPs: 1) die/package-level EMI; 2) substrate-level EMI; 3) electromagnetic modeling and simulation; and 4) near electromagnetic field measurement. First, LSI designs are discussed with regard to radiated emission. The signal-return path loop and switching current in the power/ground line are inherent sources of EMI. The EMI …
A Study On The Correspondence Of Common-Mode Current In Electromagnetic Radiation From A Pcb With A Guard-Band, Yoshiki Kayano, Motoshi Tanaka, Hiroshi Inoue, James L. Drewniak
A Study On The Correspondence Of Common-Mode Current In Electromagnetic Radiation From A Pcb With A Guard-Band, Yoshiki Kayano, Motoshi Tanaka, Hiroshi Inoue, James L. Drewniak
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A PCB, in which the ground plane has a finite width and the trace has unbalanced positioning, can result in common-mode (CM) radiation. So far, CM current which is generated by the unbalance of a trace and ground plane has been investigated by experiment and numerical method. It was clarified that CM current is well explained the radiation from PCB up to a few hundred megahertz, and addition of a guard band geometry, which is well connected to the ground plane, can be effective in suppressing the CM current. But it is seemed to be insufficient description for the phenomena …
Feedback Linearization Based Power System Stabilizer Design With Control Limits, Wenxin Liu, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Jagannathan Sarangapani
Feedback Linearization Based Power System Stabilizer Design With Control Limits, Wenxin Liu, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Jagannathan Sarangapani
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In power system controls, simplified analytical models are used to represent the dynamics of power system and controller designs are not rigorous with no stability analysis. One reason is because the power systems are complex nonlinear systems which pose difficulty for analysis. This paper presents a feedback linearization based power system stabilizer design for a single machine infinite bus power system. Since practical operating conditions require the magnitude of control signal to be within certain limits, the stability of the control system under control limits is also analyzed. Simulation results under different kinds of operating conditions show that the controller …
Radiation Mechanisms For Semiconductor Devices And Packages, Todd H. Hubing, Daryl G. Beetner, Shaowei Deng, Xiaopeng Dong
Radiation Mechanisms For Semiconductor Devices And Packages, Todd H. Hubing, Daryl G. Beetner, Shaowei Deng, Xiaopeng Dong
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
VLSI semiconductor devices are often the source of radiated electromagnetic emissions from electronic devices. Noise coupled from these devices to resonant structures on the printed circuit board, resonant cables or resonant enclosures can result in EMI problems that are difficult or expensive to solve at the board or system level. This paper reviews three mechanisms by which noise can be coupled from semiconductor devices and packages resulting in radiated electromagnetic emissions.