Engineering Commons^™

An Optimization Approach To Well Spacing For Gas Storage Reservoirs, Jagannath Rao Ghole

Doctoral Dissertations

"A finite approximation to the conventional diffusivity equation describing compressible fluid flow through porous media has been developed with a view to apply it to the problems of optimum well spacing. An equilateral grid system has been employed to enable uniform well spacing for any number of wells. A numerical model has been developed on an IBM 360 - Model 50 computer, which simulates the pressure and saturation transience in the reservoir due to production impulses. This model has been used to maximize with respect to number of wells, the minimum well bore pressure reached throughout the specified withdrawal schedule. …

Calorimetry Of Room Temperature Deformed Copper, George Juri Filatovs

Doctoral Dissertations

"An adiabatic anisothermal differential calorimeter for the study of room temperature deformed 99.999% pure copper has been constructed. An annealed and a deformed specimen were heated at a constant rate in adiabatic surroundings and the differences in energy released between samples was obtained. The control circuits were automatic. Deformation was by elongation ranging from 12 to 40%, and the corresponding energy found was from 1.9 to 5.3 calories/gram-atom. No recovery energy was found. The results obtained generally agree with published results and, in particular, verify Gordon's isothermal annealing results. It is proposed that the criteria for the presence of recovery …

Improvement In Target Detection With A Frequency Agile Pulsed Non-Coherent Radar, Kenneth Lee Horn

Doctoral Dissertations

"Frequency agile tracking radars have received considerable attention in the literature. Frequency agility is useful in reducing target scintillations, thereby reducing tracking errors under certain conditions. However, little attention has been devoted to the improvement that can be expected in target detection with a frequency agile radar. In the past, complete pulse-to-pulse decorrelation of the target returns has been assumed for all of the analyses concerning target detection with frequency agile radars. This assumption always implies a transmitter with a large bandwidth.

This dissertation analyses a pulsed non-coherent frequency agile radar applied to Swerling's Case I target. The target model …

The Iron-Holmium Binary System And Related Magnetic Properties, Gerald J. Roe

Doctoral Dissertations

"The iron-holmium phase diagram was investigated to determine the alloying behavior of these two metals and to determine the magnetic properties of some of the iron-holmium alloys which formed intermediate phases. The iron-holmium binary system was determined by three experimental techniques, differential thermal analysis (DTA), x-ray diffraction, and metallography. A phase diagram with three eutectic points and four intermediate phases was constructed from the experimental data. The two phases, Ho₆Fe₂₃ and Ho₂Fe₁₇, melted congruently at 1322⁰C and 1343⁰C respectively. HoFe₂ and HoFe₃ melted incongruently at 1288⁰C and 1293⁰C respectively. Neutron diffraction investigations were made on the intermediate phases Ho₆Fe₂₃ and …

The Damage Assessment Of Thermally Shocked High Density, High Purity Aluminum Oxide, John H. Ainsworth

Doctoral Dissertations

"The traditional approach to thermal shock testing in brittle materials has been to determine the temperature difference required to nucleate cracks in these materials. Recent work has indicated that the degree of damage after crack nucleation should be an additional consideration. The degree of damage resulting from cooling thermal shocks has been the primary consideration of the present work. Test specimens of two geometries: long, solid rods and short, solid cylinders were quenched from selected temperatures into ice water. The degree of damage was determined through strength measurements and sonic damping analysis. Initial damage occurred at a temperature difference above …

Hrva - A Velocity Analysis Technique For Seismic Data, John Charles Robinson

Doctoral Dissertations

"A High-Resolution Velocity Analysis (HRVA) has been developed for the determination of the root-mean-square subsurface-velocity energy spectrum from gated seismic data which has been normal-moveout corrected. All calculations are performed in the frequency-space or frequency-wavenumber domain; seismic gates are transformed from the time-space domain via the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. HRVA is not restricted to the investigation of apparent horizontal velocities which have associated stepout values that are integral multiples of the time sampling interval, as are the existing correlation techniques. The technique liberally exploits the inexistence of significant energy in the higher frequency harmonies of seismic data, resulting in …

The Identification And Evaluation Of Toxic Effects Of Organic Micropollutants, John Warren Smith

Doctoral Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Investigation By Neutron Diffraction Utilizing White Neutron Radiation, Arlen Ray Schade

Doctoral Dissertations

"The most probable reactor core neutron velocity was determined by analysis of data obtained from single crystals of copper and lithium fluoride. Derivation of the relationship between the maximum in experimental count rate and the most probable velocity, an error analysis of the method, and the computer routine are given for the method used to obtain the most probable velocity. The most probable velocity was used to index the maxwellian distributions from polycrystalline materials. Investigations were done with white neutron radiation of various silicon steel samples of different preferred orientation. A method is described by which the preferred orientation of …

Liquid Extraction With Single Droplets-Effect Of Chemical Reaction, William Victor Andoe

Doctoral Dissertations

"The circulating drop mass transport model based on Hadamard's dispersed phase stream function was solved numerically to account for a solute diffusing into a droplet and undergoing a first order irreversible reaction with the drop medium for the case where the continuous phase resistance to solute transport is negligible ... Experimental data were obtained for a system which consisted of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl chloride) diffusing from a benzene continuous phase into falling water droplets and undergoing a first order irreversible reaction with the water droplets ... The experimental solute transport rates were a factor of 7 to 10 greater than those …

Recombination Statistics For The Neutron-Induced Base Current Component, Ming-Chwan Chow

Doctoral Dissertations

"This paper presents a derivation of the recombination statistical model for the neutron-induced base current component. The derivation was based on the assumptions: 1) the current equation for the induced current component developed by Goben is valid; 2) the Shockley-Read-Hall statistics for holes and electrons are applicable; and 3) the recombination statistics derived by Sah, Noyce and Shockley, for sites in the bulk space-charge region are valid. Several examples were presented to emphasize accuracy of this derived model for predictions. This paper shows that the recombination process may be described by a mathematical model, recombination statistics which depend on the …

Surface Self-Diffusion On Nickel (111) By Radioactive Tracers, James Ronald Wolfe

Doctoral Dissertations

"Surface self-diffusion coefficients have been measured by a radioactive tracer method over the temperature range 614⁰ to 840⁰C on nickel (111) surfaces characterized by LEED. Previously unrecognized tracer evaporation during surface diffusion resulted in restricted spreading of the tracer at higher temperatures. A theoretical treatment of the tracer evaporation phenomenon is presented and subsequently used in the analysis of the data. The temperature dependence of the surface self-diffusion coefficient (D_s) for nickel (111) can be represented, over the experimental temperature range, by a single Arrhenius type relationship...Arguments are presented to justify an adatom surface diffusion mechanism which is …

The Effect Of Polymer Structure On Drag Reduction In Nonpolar Solvents, Gin Chain Liaw

Doctoral Dissertations

"The effects of polymer chain flexibility, molecular weight and entanglement capacity, and of polymer solution concentration on drag reduction in nonpolar solvents were studied in this investigation. Three samples of polydimethyl siloxane in toluene, five samples of polyethylene oxide in benzene, two samples of cis-polyisoprene in toluene, trans-polyisoprene in toluene, cis-polybutadiene in toluene, ethyl cellulose in toluene and a copolymer of epichlorohydrin and polyethylene oxide in toluene were studied. Molecular weights of all polymers were estimated from intrinsic viscosity, except for the molecular weight of the copolymer which was given by the manufacturer. Turbulent and laminar flow pressure drop data …

Distributed Parameter Rc Network Analysis, Robert C. Peirson

Doctoral Dissertations

"Methods of analyzing uniform and tapered distribute [sic] parameter RC networks are reviewed and correlated in this dissertation. Multilayer networks and simple three layer networks are considered. Analogies between two-wire transmission line theory and multilayer distributed network theory are developed, i.e., standing wave and traveling wave concepts. An accurate computer-aided steady state analysis procedure is presented which has a solution accuracy that can be determined prior to actual analysis computations. The impulsive response of the uniform RC network is investigated with the goal of measuring the network's parameters. Procedures to determine the parameters R and C of a uniform RC …

Analysis Of A Focus Log Electrode In A Non Homogeneous Medium, John Julian Zenor

Doctoral Dissertations

"The mathematical model presented for the focused logging system is applicable to any resistance logging tool of the electrode type. Horizontal or cylindrical resistance interfaces may be included in any combinations. The tool and its environment are compartmentalized, and the integral form of the condition for continuity of current is applied to each compartment. Acceleration methods are applied to the iterative solution of the resulting large-scale system of linear equations. Two specific models are presented, one for the study of the effects of invasion and the other for the study of the effects of bed thickness on the apparent resistivity …

Nonparametric Sequential Detection, James Charles Fowler

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation extends the theory of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U statistic so that this statistic can be used to perform sequential tests on hypotheses. This sequential test procedure makes use of a sequential ranking procedure similar to the one first introduced by Parent. The operating-characteristic function and average number of samples function for this new test are calculated as a function of the signal to noise ratio. The test is then shown to be efficient for several forms of alternatives with an efficiency of 95% against the Wald Sequential Probability Ratio Test for a constant signal in normal noise. Finally, the …

Effect Of Micelles On Flotation Of Metal Ions, Uriel Michael Oko

Doctoral Dissertations

"A study of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the dependency of the adsorption of divalent metal counterions such as copper and zinc at the air-water interface on its concentration in the solution, was undertaken in order to better understand the process of ion flotation. The study is divided into two broad categories, the first of which consists of the evaluation of the extent of aggregation of the surfactant molecules into micelles, and the effect of the divalent metal counterion concentration on this aggregation and on the critical concentration at which micelles start forming (cmc). This was accomplished …

A Study Of The Anodic Oxidation Of Ethylene On Gold And Gold-Platinum Alloys, San-Cheng Lai

Doctoral Dissertations

"The distinctive features of electrochemical energy conversion is the direct conversion of the chemical energy of a reaction into electrical energy without going through the intermediary of heat, thereby avoiding the Carnot limitation. Since it is theoretically possible to obtain electrical energy to the extent of the free energy change of the chemical reaction, the overall thermal efficiencies expected are nearly 100 percent. However, the observed efficiencies of most electrochemical energy converters are considerably lower than this due to a slowness of one or more of the intermediate steps of the overall reaction. There has been a recent surge of …

A Numerical Simulation Of Pressure Distribution And Radius Of Drainage In Infinite Radial Aquifers - Constant Rate Case, Alton John Nute

Doctoral Dissertations

"The diffusivity equation for the transient flow of slightly-compressible liquids has been solved for infinite radial aquifers, subject to constant terminal rates, by employing a Romberg integration of the Van Everdingen - Hurst explicitly solution over the transformed integral limits for .01̲TD>500, the classical solutions presented by Carslaw and Jaeger, Mortada, Theis, and others are incorporated in the digital analysis to yield dimensionless pressures for 40 selected dimensionless radius (RD) ratios between 1 and 64 for dimensionless time values of .0005 to 1000.0. A new expression for dimensionless pressure-distribution, PD'(RD, TD), as a fraction of well bore pressure drop …

Signal Theoretic Characterization Of A Function Using Positive Exponential Basis Functions, James Julius Baremore

Doctoral Dissertations

"A signal theory characterization of a time function or signal is a representation of the function throughout a sample interval by an orthogonal basis function expansion. The characterization described here obtains the coefficients in the expansion by processing the input waveform, in real time, through a system of three terminal passive RC filters. The outputs of the filters are sampled periodically and the coefficients of the basis function expansion in that interval are related to these values. The basis functions result from an exponential transformation applied to the Legendre polynomials and are orthogonal in time over the sample interval. The …

Optical Reflectance Spectra Of Chromium (Iii) In Mgo-Ss, Thomas Spencer Montgomery

Doctoral Dissertations

"The valence state and coordination site of the transition-metal ion, chromium, was investigated in a MgO host lattice. The chromium ion incorporated into poly-crystalline MgO by quenching from elevated temperatures allowed investigation of a single crystalline phase, MgO-solid solution (ss). The chromium ion was confirmed to occur in the trivalent state and to occupy octahedral cation sites in the MgO lattice by the use of optical reflectance spectroscopy. The effect of the concentration of the chromium ion on the crystal field splitting energy, 10 Dq, permitted analysis over a range of Dq/B values. In conjunction, MgO-ss lattice parameters examined as …

Multiport Synthesis With Multi-Layered Distributed Parameter Rc Networks, Walter Ronald Koenig

Doctoral Dissertations

"Synthesis and design techniques for multiport, multilayered, distributed parameter RC networks are investigated in this dissertation. The basic building block is a network section of uniform width consisting of alternate layers of resistive and dielectric materials on top of a perfectly conducting plane. The resulting network is composed of a cascade of these sections with all access terminals at one end of the cascaded network. The terminals at the other end are either open circuited or short circuited. A method is discussed for synthesizing a network from a prescribed network admittance matrix. An approximation technique is given for obtaining a …

Decomposition Of Cr(Oh)₃ To Form Active Cr₂C₃, Timothy A. Clancy

Doctoral Dissertations

"This study was concerned with the sinterability of Cr₂C₃ powders produced by the calcination of a Cr(OH)₃ gel. The decomposition of the gel was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray analysis and microscopic examination. Comparison was made between the size of crystallites as determined by X-ray line broadening and the size of aggregated particles as determined by independent means. These lineal measurements were compared to surface area measurements on the calcined powders. The degree of sinterability was judged from the density measurements on Cr₂C₃ pellets fired under air, oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. Energies of activation of 25 and 20 kilocalories per …

Matrix Computer Analysis Of Curvilinear Grid Systems, David Leon Fenton

Doctoral Dissertations

"A general equilibrium-stiffness method of matrix structural analysis was adapted and applied to the solution of the member end forces and moments of each of the members in a curvilinear structural grid system. A structural system of this nature is commonly used as the supporting framework for a "steel-framed dome", in addition to being a basic structural component in many aerospace applications. An integral part of the development of the analysis was the development of a computer program to perform the many complex operations required to obtain the solution. The engineer, by supplying the appropriate structural data and load data …

The Transient Dynamics Of Plane Mechanisms, Navnit Chhaganlal Mehta

Doctoral Dissertations

"Accurate determination of dynamic characteristics of mechanisms has become more important with increased requirements on speed, efficiency and precision. Many devices, such as circuit breakers and computing mechanisms, operate under purely transient conditions and actuation time places a serious limitation on the response of the system of which these devices are a part.

In the classical analysis, whether it be graphical or analytical, the mechanism is assigned a specified position and state of motion from which the forces required to produce the motion can be determined. The inverse problem of specifying the driving force and determining the resulting motion, which …

Numerical Approximation To Performance Predictions Of Gas-Drive Reservoir With Or Without Gas-Cap And Gas Injection, Jagannath Rao Ghole

Doctoral Dissertations

"The pressure-saturation transient history for a hydrocarbon reservoir is solved for solution-gas, gas-cap and injected-gas drives assuming the saturation-pressure variations depicted by Muskat, under specific restrictive assumptions. A prototype reservoir system and its transient pressure saturation distribution under production is systemized on an IBM 360-Model 40 Computer which allows the definition of the transient behavior of saturation with pressure declination and fluid withdrawal for preassigned initial saturations of the oil, water and gas phases. This analysis is then modified for the existence of a gas-cap and for the re-injection of produced gas volumes for pressure maintenance considerations and the ensuing …

An Investigation Of The Creep Characteristics Of Portland Cement Mortar Under Static And Dynamic Strain, Ikram-Ul-Haq Dar

Doctoral Dissertations

"The combined effect of static and dynamic loads on design of underground openings is currently receiving much attention. It is known that the time-dependent behavior of rock is considerably different when a dynamic load is superimposed on prestressed rock. The shape of an underground opening has a definite influence on the magnitude of the local stresses and these may be significantly larger than those due to the weight of the overlying rock alone. Under these conditions, even a small dynamic load in the form of vibrations caused by blasting, drilling and related operations may increase the stress beyond a critical …

Centrifugal Model Study And Finite Element Analysis Of Stress Near A Fault, Christopher Haycocks

Doctoral Dissertations

"The adverse effects of faults on the stability of underground openings has long been realized. To date, however, discontinuities and most other types of geologic heterogeneities have not been amenable to mathematical analysis using the classical theories of elasticity and plasticity. This investigation examines the stress distribution around a single discontinuity and compares the experimental and numerical methods used for the analysis. The theory of elasticity, employing the equations of compatibility, equilibrium etc., was used to determine a stress function for the stress distribution around a circular hole loaded in a centrifugal field. The analysis was terminated after the stress …

The Amino Acid And Monosaccharide Content Of The Cell Walls Of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Edward Hibbert Crum

Doctoral Dissertations

"The objectives of this investigation were: (a) to culture large quantities of Thiobacillus thiooxidans cells, (b) to find an acceptable method of rupturing the cells, (c) to find an acceptable method of isolating the cell walls, and (d) to analyze the cell wall components, especially the amino acid and sugar components. The strain of T. thiooxidans used for this investigation was American Type Culture Collection Number 8085. The surface active agents Tergitol 08 and Tween 80 were investigated for their ability to reduce the lag period found in the growth of T. thiooxidans. Although a concentration of 12.5 ppm Tween …

A Structural Investigation Of Bismuth Ferrate And The Bifeo₃-Pbzro₃-Pbtio₃ Ternary System, Gary D. Achenbach

Doctoral Dissertations

"Solid state reaction of Bi₂O₃ · Fe₂O₃ mixtures was shown to yield impure bismuth ferrate, BiFeO₃, containing Bi₂Fe₄O₉ and residual Bi₂O₃; this places the results of much of the literature based on BiFeO₃ prepared by this technique in suspect. Single phase polycrystalline BiFeO₃ was prepared by multiple nitric acid leaching of sintered samples which contained excess Bi₂O₃ to prevent the formation of Bi₂Fe₄O₉ during sintering. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data indicate that …

A Study Of Surface And Geometric Effects On The Nucleate Boiling Of Liquid Nitrogen And Liquid Argon From Atmospheric To The Critical Pressure, Calvin Benson Cobb

Doctoral Dissertations

"A maximum heat flux correlation was derived for corresponding states liquids and subsequently verified by the data collected in this study as well as data presented in the literature. By applying this correlation, one can predict maximum heat flux values at high pressures from maximum heat flux values measured at low pressures; however, to apply the correlation it is necessary to have at least one maximum heat flux value and the saturation temperature at which it was determined.

Contrary to existing correlations, it is shown that for any nucleate boiling heat transfer correlation to be truly general, it must include …