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Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Comparison Of Individual And Moving Range Chart Combinations To Individual Charts In Terms Of Arl After Designing For A Common “All Ok” Arl, Dewi Rahardja
Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods
In some process monitoring situations, consecutive measurements are spaced widely apart in time, making monitoring process aim and spread difficult. This study uses three cases to compare the effectiveness of two such monitoring schemes, i.e., the X chart alone (X-only chart) and the Individuals and Moving Range Chart Combination (X/MR chars), in terms of Average Run Length (ARL) after designing for a common “all OK” (in-control) ARL. The study finds that X chart alone is sufficient (and hence, recommended) in detecting changes in all the 3 cases: changes in the process mean, changes in the process standard deviation, and changes …
Assortment Planning Of Automotive Products: Considerations For Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Technology Selection, Ali Taghavi, Ratna Babu Chinnam
Assortment Planning Of Automotive Products: Considerations For Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Technology Selection, Ali Taghavi, Ratna Babu Chinnam
Industrial and Systems Engineering Faculty Research Publications
A manufacturer’s assortment is the set of products that the company offers to its customers. Assortment planning considerably affects both the sales revenue and product offering costs for the company and it had experienced growing attention across different industries over recent decades. In this study, we propose a modeling framework that seeks to identify the optimal assortment for a manufacturer of configurable products (in particular, automobiles). Our model accounts for environmental considerations (Corporate Average Fuel Economy requirements, tail-pipe emissions, and greenhouse gas emissions related to the production of the fuel used to power the vehicle) during assortment planning. We formulate …
Experimental Study Of Soil Water Migration In Freezing Process, Xuesong Mao, Carol J. Miller, Zhongjie Hou, Abdul Khandker
Experimental Study Of Soil Water Migration In Freezing Process, Xuesong Mao, Carol J. Miller, Zhongjie Hou, Abdul Khandker
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research Publications
Soil water migration is a significant factor in the development of subgrade ice layers in permafrost areas. The prediction of moisture inflow to the freezing zone is an important element in the design and analysis of robust highway subgrade in permafrost regions. In order to better understand moisture inflow to the freezing zone, we designed an experimental investigation to monitor the variation of water content and temperature in freezing soil. Identical experiments were conducted using three different soil types: clay, silt, and fine sand. Moisture was supplied from the sample base while the column was maintained at a constant nonfreezing …
A Glycosaminoglycan Based, Modular Tissue Scaffold System For Rapid Assembly Of Perfusable, High Cell Density, Engineered Tissues, Ramkumar Tiruvannamalai-Annamalai, David Randall Armant, Howard W. T Matthew
A Glycosaminoglycan Based, Modular Tissue Scaffold System For Rapid Assembly Of Perfusable, High Cell Density, Engineered Tissues, Ramkumar Tiruvannamalai-Annamalai, David Randall Armant, Howard W. T Matthew
Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research Publications
The limited ability to vascularize and perfuse thick, cell-laden tissue constructs has hindered efforts to engineer complex tissues and organs, including liver, heart and kidney. The emerging field of modular tissue engineering aims to address this limitation by fabricating constructs from the bottom up, with the objective of recreating native tissue architecture and promoting extensive vascularization. In this paper, we report the elements of a simple yet efficient method for fabricating vascularized tissue constructs by fusing biodegradable microcapsules with tunable interior environments. Parenchymal cells of various types, (i.e. trophoblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes) were suspended in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) solutions …
Pedestrian Head Protection During Car To Pedestrian Accidents: In The Event Of Primary Impact With Vehicle And Secondary Impact With Ground, Vishal Gupta
Wayne State University Dissertations
Current regulations for assessing pedestrian safety use a simplified test setup that ignores many real-world factors. In particular, the level of protection is assessed using a free-motion headform impacting the vehicle's hood at a fixed angle. As such, this test setup does not capture the effect due to the vehicle front-end profile, nor does it comprehend injury due to a possible secondary impact of the pedestrian's head with ground. This thesis aims to numerically simulate vehicle to pedestrian crashes to develop knowledge that may suggest ways to improve safety above and beyond the regulatory tests. Inputs to the simulations include …
A Comprehensive Study Of Nonlinear Effects Of Coupling Materials In Ultrasound Infrared Imaging, Yuyang Song
A Comprehensive Study Of Nonlinear Effects Of Coupling Materials In Ultrasound Infrared Imaging, Yuyang Song
Wayne State University Dissertations
Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) is a multidisciplinary field of research, which is focused on the development of analysis and measurement technologies for the quantitative characterization of materials, components and structures. It is a key process used in product evaluation, troubleshooting for the quality assurance in industry. Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging technology is a hybrid sensing and imaging technique, in which cracks in an object are caused to become visible in the infrared imaging through frictional heating associated with the application of a short pulse of low-frequency ultrasound. The technique uses pulses of ultrasonic excitation applied to a sample for a fraction …
Facile Fabrication Of Mesostructured Zn2sno4 Based Anode Materials For Reversible Lithium Ion Storage, Sai Karthik Karthik Addu
Facile Fabrication Of Mesostructured Zn2sno4 Based Anode Materials For Reversible Lithium Ion Storage, Sai Karthik Karthik Addu
Wayne State University Theses
Increase in all electric and hybrid car sales from Electric drive transportation association show that Lithium-ion batteries stands as a promising option for these vehicles. Hence improving these batteries is the objective of this thesis. We try to improve the electrode material by using unique structures and coating carbon layers on the material.
We chose Zinc tin oxide (ZTO) as it has been shown in literature to be a good oxide for batteries. We tried improving it by making new Rubik-cube like microstructure of it and more interestingly coating a layer of carbon on it. We could show from our …
A Decision Modeling For Phasor Measurement Unit Location Selection In Smart Grid Systems, Seung Yup Lee
A Decision Modeling For Phasor Measurement Unit Location Selection In Smart Grid Systems, Seung Yup Lee
Wayne State University Theses
As a key technology for enhancing the smart grid system, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) provides synchronized phasor measurements of voltages and currents of wide-area electric power grid. With various benefits from its application, one of the critical issues in utilizing PMUs is the optimal site selection of units.
The main aim of this research is to develop a decision support system, which can be used in resource allocation task for smart grid system analysis. As an effort to suggest a robust decision model and standardize the decision modeling process, a harmonized modeling framework, which considers operational circumstances of component, is …
Analysis Of A Dual Scissored-Pair,Variable-Speed, Control Moment Gyroscope Driven Spherical Robot, Richard Chase
Analysis Of A Dual Scissored-Pair,Variable-Speed, Control Moment Gyroscope Driven Spherical Robot, Richard Chase
Wayne State University Dissertations
The objective of this research is to compare barycenter offset based designs of spherical robots to control moment gyroscope (CMG) based designs in order to determine which approach is most effective. The first objective was to develop a list of current state of the art designs in order to gain an overall understanding of what the obstacles in this area of research were. The investigation showed that barycenter offset designs can produce a low, continuous output torque, whereas CMG based designs can usually only produce a high, momentary output torque. The second objective was to develop a CMG based design …
Visualizing Interior And Exterior Jet Aircraft Noise, Manmohan Singh Moondra
Visualizing Interior And Exterior Jet Aircraft Noise, Manmohan Singh Moondra
Wayne State University Dissertations
In today's competitive aerospace industry, the quest for quiet has drawn significant attention to both the interior and exterior design of an airplane. Understanding the noise generation mechanisms of a jet aircraft is a crucial first step toward developing the most cost-effective noise and vibrations abatement methods. In this investigation, the Helmholtz Equation Least Squares (HELS) based nearfield acoustic holography will be used to understand noise transmission caused by jet engine and turbulence into the fuselage of a jet aircraft cruising at 30,000 ft.
Modern propulsive jet engines produce exterior noise sources with a high amplitude noise field and complicated …
The Application Of Graphene Films In Biosensing And Electrowetting, Xuebin Tan
The Application Of Graphene Films In Biosensing And Electrowetting, Xuebin Tan
Wayne State University Dissertations
In recent years, graphene has been found to possess extraordinary electronic, optical, mechanical and electrochemical properties. Graphene is optically transparent and mechanically flexible, and has high electron mobility and conductivity. In this thesis, we propose to investigate graphene's properties in the detection of biomolecules as well as the manipulation of biological samples. Graphene without defects has high charge carrier mobility and surface areas, which is ideal for biosensors. However, literature shows a lot of variations in the measurements using graphene biosensors. In addition, the surface functionalization of graphene in order to enhance the specificity has not been fully investigated yet. …
Development And Application Of Biomimetic Electrospun Nanofibers In Total Joint Replacement, Wei Song
Development And Application Of Biomimetic Electrospun Nanofibers In Total Joint Replacement, Wei Song
Wayne State University Dissertations
Failure of osseointegration (direct anchorage of an implant by bone formation at the bone-implant surface) and implant infection (such as that caused by Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) are the two main causes of implant failure and loosening. There is a critical need for orthopedic implants that promote rapid osseointegration and prevent bacterial colonization, particularly when placed in bone compromised by disease or physiology of the patients. A better understanding of the key factors that influence cell fate decisions at the bone-implant interface is required. Our study is to develop a class of "bone-like" nanofibers (NFs) that promote osseointegration while preventing …
Study Of Chaotic Ultrasound And Frequency Sweep Excitations In Sonic Ir Nde Technology, Ding Zhang
Study Of Chaotic Ultrasound And Frequency Sweep Excitations In Sonic Ir Nde Technology, Ding Zhang
Wayne State University Dissertations
Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) technology has shown inherent advantages, such as fast detection for all direction and all dimension flaws, for both metal and composite materials. The purpose of this dissertation is to study and investigate the physical process of two most important methods, frequency sweep excitation and chaotic excitation, to improve the defect detection ability of Sonic IR technology.
The tool used in our study is known as finite element analysis (FEA). According to test process of Sonic IR technology, some special technologies were developed in FEA simulation, such as creating cracks with flat contact surfaces …
Effect Of Cetane Number And Volatility On Autoignition And Combustion Of Alternative Fuels And Their Surrogates, Ziliang Zheng
Effect Of Cetane Number And Volatility On Autoignition And Combustion Of Alternative Fuels And Their Surrogates, Ziliang Zheng
Wayne State University Dissertations
Diesel engine has become a popular choice for trucks, trains, boats, and most other heavy-duty applications. The inherent benefits of diesel engine are high thermal efficiency and specific power output, but there is a concern about high levels of engine-out NOx and particulate matter emissions, which is a major contributor in environment pollution. Moreover, concern about the crisis of crude oil reserves, increasing gas price, trade deficit, and homeland security enhances the interests in alternative fuels.
Unlike conventional diesel fuel, alternative fuels have wide range of properties, such as volatility, cetane number, density, viscosity and lower heating value, which influence …
Dual Delivery Systems Based On Polyamine Analog Benspm As Prodrug And Gene Delivery Vectors, Yu Zhu
Dual Delivery Systems Based On Polyamine Analog Benspm As Prodrug And Gene Delivery Vectors, Yu Zhu
Wayne State University Dissertations
Combination drug and gene therapy shows promise in cancer treatment. However, the success of such strategy requires careful selection of the therapeutic agents, as well as development of efficient delivery vectors. BENSpm (N1, N11-bisethylnorspermine), a polyamine analogue targeting the intracellular polyamine pathway, draws our special attention because of the following reasons: (1) polyamine pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancer; (2) BENSpm exhibits multiple functions to interfere with the polyamine pathway, such as to up-regulate polyamine metabolism enzymes and down-regulate polyamine biosynthesis enzymes. Therefore BENSpm depletes all natural polyamines and leads to apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in a wide range …
The Energy Trilogy: An Integrated Sustainability Model To Bridge Wastewater Treatment Plant Energy And Emissions Gaps, A. Adhim A. Altalibi
The Energy Trilogy: An Integrated Sustainability Model To Bridge Wastewater Treatment Plant Energy And Emissions Gaps, A. Adhim A. Altalibi
Wayne State University Dissertations
ABSTRACT
An estimated 4% of national energy consumption is used for drinking water and wastewater services. Despite the awareness and optimization initiatives for energy conservation, energy consumption is on the rise owing to population and urbanization expansion and to commercial and industrial business advancement. The principal concern is since energy consumption grows, the higher will be the energy production demand, leading to an increase in CO2 footprints and the contribution to global warming potential.
This research is in the area of energy-water nexus, focusing on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) energy trilogy - the group of three related entities, which includes …
Measuring Brain Iron In Healthy Controls And Accessing Venous Abnormalities In Parkinson's Disease Using Mri, Manju Liu
Wayne State University Dissertations
Iron plays a key role in a number of brain cellular processes. However, abnormal brain iron regulation correlates with a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and so forth. To further elucidate the involvement of iron in neurodegenerative disorders, a robust in vivo quantitative non-invasive assessment of normal brain iron deposition over time is essential. A variety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have been used to quantify iron both in vivo and in vitro non-invasively. We first created the baseline of phase value and ∆R2^* as a function of age in seven gray matter nuclei. …
Improving Emergency Department Patient Flow Through Near Real-Time Analytics, Shanshan Qiu
Improving Emergency Department Patient Flow Through Near Real-Time Analytics, Shanshan Qiu
Wayne State University Dissertations
ABSTRACT
IMPROVING EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PATIENT FLOW THROUGH NEAR REAL-TIME ANALYTICS
This dissertation research investigates opportunities for developing effective decision support models that exploit near real-time (NRT) information to enhance the "operational intelligence" within hospital Emergency Departments (ED). Approaching from a systems engineering perspective, the study proposes a novel decision support framework for streamlining ED patient flow that employs machine learning, statistical and operations research methods to facilitate its operationalization.
ED crowding has become the subject of significant public and academic attention, and it is known to cause a number of adverse outcomes to the patients, ED staff as well as …
High-Performance Accelerometer Based On Asymmetric Gapped Cantilevers For Physiological Acoustic Sensing, Yating Hu
Wayne State University Dissertations
Continuous or mobile monitoring of physiological sounds is expected to play important role in the emerging mobile healthcare field. Because of the miniature size, low cost, and easy installation, accelerometer is an excellent choice for continuous physiological acoustic signal monitoring. However, in order to capture the detailed information in the physiological signals for clinical diagnostic purpose, there are more demanding requirements on the sensitivity/noise performance of accelerometers. In this thesis, a unique piezoelectric accelerometer based on the asymmetric gapped cantilever which exhibits significantly improved sensitivity is extensively studied. A meso-scale prototype is developed for capturing the high quality cardio and …
A Bottom-Up Assembly Of Vascularized Bioartificial Constructs Using Ecm Based Microscale Modules, Ramkumar Tiruvannamalai Annamalai
A Bottom-Up Assembly Of Vascularized Bioartificial Constructs Using Ecm Based Microscale Modules, Ramkumar Tiruvannamalai Annamalai
Wayne State University Dissertations
Tissue engineering aims to create functional biological tissues to treat diseases and damaged organs. A primary goal is to fabricate a 3D construct that can promote cell-cell interaction, extra cellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tissue level organization. Accomplishing these prerequisites with the currently available conventional scaffolds and fabrication techniques still remains a challenge. To reproduce the full functionality there is a need to engineer tissue constructs that mimic the innate architecture and complexity of natural tissues. The limited ability to vascularize and perfuse thick, cell-laden tissue constructs has hindered efforts to engineer complex tissues and organs, including liver, heart and …
Computational Investigation On The Structural Properties Of Neurofilaments And Their Sidearms, Lakshmi Jayanthi
Computational Investigation On The Structural Properties Of Neurofilaments And Their Sidearms, Lakshmi Jayanthi
Wayne State University Dissertations
Neurofilaments (NFs) are class IV intermediate filaments, abundantly found in the large myelinated axons. They are the key determinants of axonal diameter and consequently the nerve conduction properties. On the other hand, abnormal NF accumulation has been the hallmark of debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. NF compaction is also one of the pathological manifestations of traumatic axonal Injury. However, the exact relation between the disorganized NFs and the etiology of the neurodegenerative disorders is yet to be fully understood. NFs are assembled from three subunits: Low (NFL), Medium (NFM) and Heavy (NFH). These subunits are characterized by a common alpha helical rod …
Design Of Functional Dendrimer Nanocarriers And Their Formulations In Propellant-Based Inhalers For Pulmonary Drug Delivery, Lin Yang
Wayne State University Dissertations
This Dissertation focuses on addressing two of the major challenges in developing pressurized metered dose inhalers for pulmonary drug / gene delivery to and through the lungs. First challenge is to design biocompatible moieties for the steric stabilization of suspension formulations in HFO-based propellants. Using a combination of tools including ab initio calculation, molecular dynamics simulation and high pressure tensiometry, potential fluorocarbon-philic moieties were systematically screened. Surfactants with those chemistries as tail fragments were studied at the HFO|H2O interface for their ability to lower the interfacial tension at HFO|H2O interface. Selected surfactants were further optimized for surfactant balance by altering …
An Analytics Approach To Designing Patient Centered Medical Home, Saeede Ajorlou
An Analytics Approach To Designing Patient Centered Medical Home, Saeede Ajorlou
Wayne State University Dissertations
Recently the patient centered medical home (PCMH) model has become a popular team based approach focused on delivering more streamlined care to patients. In current practices of medical homes, a clinical based prediction frame is recommended because it can help match the portfolio capacity of PCMH teams with the actual load generated by a set of patients. Without such balances in clinical supply and demand, issues such as excessive under and over utilization of physicians, long waiting time for receiving the appropriate treatment, and non continuity of care will eliminate many advantages of the medical home strategy. In this research, …
An Analytics Approach To Reducing Hospital Readmission, Issac Shams
An Analytics Approach To Reducing Hospital Readmission, Issac Shams
Wayne State University Dissertations
One of the significant sources of waste in the Unites States health care systems is preventable hospital readmission. About 2.3 million Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries are re-hospitalized within 30 days after discharge which incurs an annual cost of $17 billion. However, it is reported by the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission that about 75% of such readmissions can and should be avoided because they are the results of factors such as poor planning for follow up care transitions, inadequate communication of discharge instructions, and failure to reconcile and coordinate medications. Hence, reducing unnecessary rehospitalization through care transition and systems engineering principles has …
Jp-8 Surrogates For Diesel Engine Application: Development, Validation, And Cfd Simulation, Amit Shrestha
Jp-8 Surrogates For Diesel Engine Application: Development, Validation, And Cfd Simulation, Amit Shrestha
Wayne State University Dissertations
Recently, diesel engine cycle simulation has been acknowledged as an effective way for the development and performance optimization of compression ignition engines operating on a variety of fuels. The goal of this research was, therefore, to develop a JP-8 surrogate with a limited number of fuel components so that its chemical mechanism could be developed for its use with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes for enabling time-efficient diesel engine cycle simulation. In order to achieve this goal, a new approach was developed for the formulation of surrogate for compression ignition engine application. The development approach required the surrogate to match …
Development Of Silicon-Based Anodes And In-Situ Characterization Techniques For Lithium Ion Batteries, Jinho Yang
Development Of Silicon-Based Anodes And In-Situ Characterization Techniques For Lithium Ion Batteries, Jinho Yang
Wayne State University Dissertations
Development of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with higher capacity has been booming worldwide, as growing concerns about environmental issues and increasing petroleum costs. The demands for the LIBs include high energy and power densities, and better cyclic stability in order to meet a wide range of applications, such as portable devices and electric vehicles. Silicon has recently been explored as a promising anode material due to its low discharge potential (<0.4 V) and high specific capacity (4200 mAh g-1). The capacity of silicon potentially exceeds more than 10 times of the conventional graphite anode (372 mAh g-1). However, the silicon anode experiences huge volume …0.4>
Management Of Plug-In Electric Vehicles And Renewable Energy Sources In Active Distribution Networks, Junhui Zhao
Management Of Plug-In Electric Vehicles And Renewable Energy Sources In Active Distribution Networks, Junhui Zhao
Wayne State University Dissertations
Near 160 million customers in the U.S.A. are served via distribution networks (DNs). The increasing penetration level of renewable energy sources (RES) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), the implementation of smart distribution technologies such as advanced metering/monitoring infrastructure, and the adoption of smart appliances, have changed distribution networks from passive to active. The next-generation of DNs should be efficient and optimized system-wide, highly reliable and robust, and capable of effectively managing highly-penetrated PEVs, RES and other controllable loads. To meet new challenges, the next-generation DNs need active distribution management (ADM).
In this thesis, we study the management of PEVs and …
Building A Scalable And High-Performance Key-Value Store System, Yuehai Xu
Building A Scalable And High-Performance Key-Value Store System, Yuehai Xu
Wayne State University Dissertations
Contemporary web sites can store and process very large amounts of data. To provide timely service to their users, they have adopted key-value (KV) stores, which is a simple but effective caching infrastructure atop the conventional databases that store these data, to boost performance. Examples are Facebook, Twitter and Amazon. As yet little is known about the realistic workloads outside of the companies that operate them, this dissertation work provides a detailed workload study on Facebook's Memcached, which is one of the world's largest KV deployment. We analyze the Memcached workload from the perspective of server-side performance, request composition, caching …
Flexible Mems: A Novel Technology To Fabricate Flexible Sensors And Electronics, Hongen Tu
Flexible Mems: A Novel Technology To Fabricate Flexible Sensors And Electronics, Hongen Tu
Wayne State University Dissertations
This dissertation presents the design and fabrication techniques used to fabricate flexible MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) devices.
MEMS devices and CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) circuits are traditionally fabricated on rigid substrates with inorganic semiconductor materials such as Silicon. However, it is highly desirable that functional elements like sensors, actuators or micro fluidic components to be fabricated on flexible substrates for a wide variety of applications. Due to the fact that flexible substrate is temperature sensitive, typically only low temperature materials, such as polymers, metals, and organic semiconductor materials, can be directly fabricated on flexible substrates. A novel technology based on XeF2(xenon …
Biofuels Production Via Catalytic Hydrocracking Of Ddgs Corn Oil And Hydrothermal Decarboxylation Of Oleic Acid Over Transition Metal Carbides Supported On Al-Sba-15, Basem A. Al Alwan
Biofuels Production Via Catalytic Hydrocracking Of Ddgs Corn Oil And Hydrothermal Decarboxylation Of Oleic Acid Over Transition Metal Carbides Supported On Al-Sba-15, Basem A. Al Alwan
Wayne State University Dissertations
The purpose of this research is to minimize the gap between the production of biofuels and the production of petroleum-based fuels by developing catalysts that can utilize renewable non-food based feedstocks (waste vegetable oils, algal oil, brown grease, etc.) and have great performance under low operation conditions. In particular, green diesel has become an attractive biofuel due to its superior properties that are quite similar to petroleum diesel. Therefore, no modifications are required to existing infrastructures. Three distinct experimental phases have been identified in order to achieve the objective of this work as follow:
First, the hydrocracking of distillers dried …