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Articles 1 - 30 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Predicting Tgf-Β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Using Data Assimilation, Mario J. Mendez, Matthew J. Hoffman, Elizabeth M. Cherry, Dr. Christopher Lemmon, Seth Weinberg
Predicting Tgf-Β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Using Data Assimilation, Mario J. Mendez, Matthew J. Hoffman, Elizabeth M. Cherry, Dr. Christopher Lemmon, Seth Weinberg
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Age Dependent Regulation Of Cardiac Sodium Channel Gain Of Function, Madison Nowak, David Ryan King, Steven Poelzing, Seth Weinberg
Age Dependent Regulation Of Cardiac Sodium Channel Gain Of Function, Madison Nowak, David Ryan King, Steven Poelzing, Seth Weinberg
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Immunofluorescence Image Feature Analysis And Clustering Pipeline For Distinguishing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Shreyas Hirway, Nadiah Hassan, Dr. Christopher Lemmon, Dr. Seth Weinberg
Immunofluorescence Image Feature Analysis And Clustering Pipeline For Distinguishing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Shreyas Hirway, Nadiah Hassan, Dr. Christopher Lemmon, Dr. Seth Weinberg
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Coupled Influence Of Heart Rate Variability And Subcellular Calcium Heterogeneity On Cardiac Electromechanical Dynamics, Vrishti M. Phadumdeo, Seth H. Weinberg Ph.D
Coupled Influence Of Heart Rate Variability And Subcellular Calcium Heterogeneity On Cardiac Electromechanical Dynamics, Vrishti M. Phadumdeo, Seth H. Weinberg Ph.D
Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference
No abstract provided.
Let’S Face It: The Effect Of Orthognathic Surgery On Facial Recognition Algorithm Analysis, Carolyn Bradford Dragon
Let’S Face It: The Effect Of Orthognathic Surgery On Facial Recognition Algorithm Analysis, Carolyn Bradford Dragon
Theses and Dissertations
Aim: To evaluate the ability of a publicly available facial recognition application program interface (API) to calculate similarity scores for pre- and post-surgical photographs of patients undergoing orthognathic surgeries. Our primary objective was to identify which surgical procedure(s) had the greatest effect(s) on similarity score.
Methods: Standard treatment progress photographs for 25 retrospectively identified, orthodontic-orthognathic patients were analyzed using the API to calculate similarity scores between the pre- and post-surgical photographs. Photographs from two pre-surgical timepoints were compared as controls. Both relaxed and smiling photographs were included in the study to assess for the added impact of facial pose on …
Optimizing Nasal Cannulas For Infants Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Ahmad El-Achwah Mr.
Optimizing Nasal Cannulas For Infants Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Ahmad El-Achwah Mr.
Theses and Dissertations
Aerosolized medications can potentially be delivered to the lungs of infants through a nasal cannula interface. However, nose-to-lung delivery technologies currently allow for ~1% of the loaded dose to reach an infant’s lungs. Conventional dry powder inhalers (DPI) are superior to other types of inhalers in many ways. However, passive DPIs that operate based on user inhalation and require large volumes of airflow are not applicable to infants. To overcome this challenge, positive pressure DPIs have been developed that enable aerosol delivery to infants. Unless an adequate nasal interface is used with these devices, a significant amount of drug will …
Improving Productivity Of Multiphase Flow Aerobic Oxidation Using A Tube-In-Tube Membrane Contactor, Michael Burkholder, Stanley E. Gilliland Iii, Adam Luxon, Christina Tang, B. Frank Gupton
Improving Productivity Of Multiphase Flow Aerobic Oxidation Using A Tube-In-Tube Membrane Contactor, Michael Burkholder, Stanley E. Gilliland Iii, Adam Luxon, Christina Tang, B. Frank Gupton
Chemical and Life Science Engineering Publications
The application of flow reactors in multiphase catalytic reactions represents a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of this important class of chemical reactions. We developed a simple approach to improve the reactor productivity of multiphase catalytic reactions performed using a flow chemistry unit with a packed bed reactor. Specifically, a tube-in-tube membrane contactor (sparger) integrated in-line with the flow reactor has been successfully applied to the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde utilizing a heterogeneous palladium catalyst in the packed bed. We examined the effect of sparger hydrodynamics on reactor productivity quantified by space time yield (STY). Implementation …
Shear Force Fiber Spinning: Process Parameter And Polymer Solution Property Considerations, Arzan C. Dotivala, Kavya P. Puthuveetil, Christina Tang
Shear Force Fiber Spinning: Process Parameter And Polymer Solution Property Considerations, Arzan C. Dotivala, Kavya P. Puthuveetil, Christina Tang
Chemical and Life Science Engineering Publications
For application of polymer nanofibers (e.g., sensors, and scaffolds to study cell behavior) it is important to control the spatial orientation of the fibers. We compare the ability to align and pattern fibers using shear force fiber spinning, i.e. contacting a drop of polymer solution with a rotating collector to mechanically draw a fiber, with electrospinning onto a rotating drum. Using polystyrene as a model system, we observe that the fiber spacing using shear force fiber spinning was more uniform than electrospinning with the rotating drum with relative standard deviations of 18% and 39%, respectively. Importantly, the approaches are complementary …
Rapid, Single-Step Protein Encapsulation Via Flash Nanoprecipitation, Shani L. Levit, Rebecca C. Walker, Christina Tang
Rapid, Single-Step Protein Encapsulation Via Flash Nanoprecipitation, Shani L. Levit, Rebecca C. Walker, Christina Tang
Chemical and Life Science Engineering Publications
Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) is a rapid method for encapsulating hydrophobic materials in polymer nanoparticles with high loading capacity. Encapsulating biologics such as proteins remains a challenge due to their low hydrophobicity (logP < 6) and current methods require multiple processing steps. In this work, we report rapid, single-step protein encapsulation via FNP using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Nanoparticle formation involves complexation and precipitation of protein with tannic acid and stabilization with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Nanoparticle self-assembly is driven by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Using this approach, high encapsulation efficiency (up to ~80%) of protein can be achieved. The resulting nanoparticles are stable at physiological pH and ionic strength. Overall, FNP is a rapid, efficient platform for encapsulating proteins for various applications.
Adapted K-Nearest Neighbors For Detecting Anomalies On Spatio–Temporal Traffic Flow, Youcef Djenouri, Asma Belhadi, Jerry Chun-Wei Lin, Alberto Cano
Adapted K-Nearest Neighbors For Detecting Anomalies On Spatio–Temporal Traffic Flow, Youcef Djenouri, Asma Belhadi, Jerry Chun-Wei Lin, Alberto Cano
Computer Science Publications
Outlier detection is an extensive research area, which has been intensively studied in several domains such as biological sciences, medical diagnosis, surveillance, and traffic anomaly detection. This paper explores advances in the outlier detection area by finding anomalies in spatio-temporal urban traffic flow. It proposes a new approach by considering the distribution of the flows in a given time interval. The flow distribution probability (FDP) databases are first constructed from the traffic flows by considering both spatial and temporal information. The outlier detection mechanism is then applied to the coming flow distribution probabilities, the inliers are stored to enrich the …
Modeling The Peak Absorption Of Meh-Ppv In Various Solvents Using Density Functional Theory, Corell H. Moore
Modeling The Peak Absorption Of Meh-Ppv In Various Solvents Using Density Functional Theory, Corell H. Moore
Theses and Dissertations
Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) are powerful tools for modeling orbital energy in conjugated molecules and have been useful tools for research in organic photovoltaics. In this work, DFT is first used to explain the red shift in the absorption spectrum and increased absorption observed in MEH-PPV. Initially, the modeling of the red-shift in the absorption peak of MEH-PPV is studied using Gaussian 03 software with the global hybrid functional B3LYP for exchange-correlation and the 6-31G basis set. DFT and TD-DFT are used to separately study the effects of polymer chain length, carbon-carbon double-bond stretching, …
Modeling Electrospun Fibrous Materials, Sina Hassanpouryousefi
Modeling Electrospun Fibrous Materials, Sina Hassanpouryousefi
Theses and Dissertations
Electrospinning has been the focus of countless studies for the past decades for applications, including but not limited to, filtration, tissue engineering, and catalysis. Electrospinning is a one-step process for producing nano- and/or micro-fibrous materials with diameters ranging typically from 50 to 5000 nm. The simulation algorithm presented here is based on a novel mass-spring-damper (MSD) approach devised to incorporate the mechanical properties of the fibers in predicting the formation and morphology of the electrospun fibers as they travel from the needle toward the collector, and as they deposit on the substrate. This work is the first to develop a …
The Evaluation Of An Android Permission Management System Based On Crowdsourcing, Pulkit Rustgi
The Evaluation Of An Android Permission Management System Based On Crowdsourcing, Pulkit Rustgi
Theses and Dissertations
Mobile and web application security, particularly concerning the area of data privacy, has received much attention from the public in recent years. Most applications are installed without disclosing full information to users and clearly stating what they have access to. This often raises concerns when users become aware of unnecessary information being collected or stored. Unfortunately, most users have little to no technical knowledge in regard to what permissions should be granted and can only rely on their intuition and past experiences to make relatively uninformed decisions. DroidNet, a crowdsource based Android recommendation tool and framework, is a proposed avenue …
Au@Tio2 Nanocomposites Synthesized By X-Ray Radiolysis As Potential Radiosensitizers, Maria C. Molina Higgins
Au@Tio2 Nanocomposites Synthesized By X-Ray Radiolysis As Potential Radiosensitizers, Maria C. Molina Higgins
Theses and Dissertations
Radiosensitization is a novel targeted therapy strategy where chemical compounds are being explored to enhance the sensitivity of the tissue to the effects of ionizing radiation. Among the different radiosensitizers alternatives, nanomaterials have shown promising results by enhancing tumor injury through the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, Gold-supported titania (Au@TiO2) nanocomposites were synthesized through an innovative strategy using X-ray irradiation, and their potential as radiosensitizers was investigated. Radiosensitization of Au@TiO2 nanocomposites was assessed by monitoring the decomposition of Methylene Blue (MB) under X-ray irradiation in the presence of the nanomaterial. …
Resonant Acoustic Wave Assisted Spin-Transfer-Torque Switching Of Nanomagnets, Austin R. Roe
Resonant Acoustic Wave Assisted Spin-Transfer-Torque Switching Of Nanomagnets, Austin R. Roe
Theses and Dissertations
We studied the possibility of achieving an order of magnitude reduction in the energy dissipation needed to write bits in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) by simulating the magnetization dynamics under a combination of resonant surface acoustic waves (r-SAW) and spin-transfer-torque (STT). The magnetization dynamics were simulated using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation under macrospin assumption with the inclusion of thermal noise. We studied such r-SAW assisted STT switching of nanomagnets for both in-plane elliptical and circular perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) nanomagnets and show that while thermal noise affects switching probability in in-plane nanomagnets, the PMA nanomagnets are relatively robust to the …
Electric Load Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm, Tianshu Yang
Electric Load Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm, Tianshu Yang
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract
Power system load forecasting refers to the study or uses a mathematical method to process
past and future loads systematically, taking into account important system operating
characteristics, capacity expansion decisions, natural conditions, and social impacts, to
meet specific accuracy requirements. Dependence of this, determine the load value at a
specific moment in the future. Improving the level of load forecasting technology is
conducive to the planned power management, which is conducive to rationally arranging
the grid operation mode and unit maintenance plan, and is conducive to formulating
reasonable power supply construction plans and facilitating power improvement, and
improve the …
Compositional Analysis Of Cerium And Cesium In Rapid Setting Cement As An Immobilization Agent For Nuclear Waste, Riyadh M. Motny
Compositional Analysis Of Cerium And Cesium In Rapid Setting Cement As An Immobilization Agent For Nuclear Waste, Riyadh M. Motny
Theses and Dissertations
A feasibility of rapid setting cement (RSC) as an agent of immobilization for certain elements such as fission products or radioactive materials was explored. Cerium (Ce) and cesium (Cs) have been selected as a surrogate for U and/or Pu and fission products, respectively, in this study in three phases. In Phase I, RSC was evaluated for physical properties (e.g., porosity, density, pH values, etc.) using two groups methods—the cement powder at different concentrations of Ce (2 – 10 wt%) with deionized water (DIW) and artificial seawater (ASW). The results showed that the final setting time and compressive strength of RSC …
Optically Transparent Antennas And Filters For Smart City Communication, Ryan B. Green
Optically Transparent Antennas And Filters For Smart City Communication, Ryan B. Green
Theses and Dissertations
Incremental usage of mobile devices demand a new generation of wireless networks (5G) to provide faster data rates, more reliable coverage, monitor city infrastructure usage, and increase network capacity. The frequencies proposed for the upcoming 5G network would result in shorter broadcast distances and network dead zones, countered by incorporating transparent antennas into glass high rises. Transparent antennas possess, however a major challenge: low gain. This lower gain can be countered by means of employing antennas in an antenna array, boosting the gain and even giving the array the ability to beam form for the upcoming 5G network. The 5G …
Multiphase Droplet Interactions With A Single Fiber, Noor M. Farhan
Multiphase Droplet Interactions With A Single Fiber, Noor M. Farhan
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract
Multiphase Droplet Interactions with a Single Fiber
By: Noor M. Farhan
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019
Director: Hooman V. Tafreshi,
Professor, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Formulating the physics of droplet adhesion to a fiber is interesting intellectually and important industrially. A typical example of a droplet–fiber system in nature is the dew droplets on spider webs, where droplets first precipitate and grow on the fibers, but they eventually fall when they become too heavy. Obviously, quantifying the force …
Group Decision-Making, Edward Cook
Group Decision-Making, Edward Cook
Theses and Dissertations
The present work explores improvements in group decision-making. It begins with a practical example using state-of-the-art techniques for a complex, high-risk decision. We show how these techniques can reveal a better alternative. Although we created an improved decision process, decision-makers were apt to protect their own organizations instead of the project. This tendency was reduced over the course of the decision-making process but inspired the first conceptual component of this work.
The first concept describes the “Cost of Conflict” that can arise in a group decision, using game theory to represent the non-cooperative approach and comparing the outcome to the …
Load Scheduling With Maximum Demand And Time Of Use Pricing For Microgrids, Hayder O. Alwan
Load Scheduling With Maximum Demand And Time Of Use Pricing For Microgrids, Hayder O. Alwan
Theses and Dissertations
Several demand side management (DSM) techniques and algorithms have been used in the literature. These algorithms show that by adopting DSM and Time-of-Use (TOU) price tariffs; electricity cost significantly decreases, and optimal load scheduling is achieved. However, the purpose of the DSM is to not only lower the electricity cost, but also to avoid the peak load even if the electricity prices low. To address this concern, this dissertation starts with a brief literature review on the existing DSM algorithms and schemes. These algorithms can be suitable for Direct Load Control (DLC) schemes, Demand Response (DR), and load scheduling strategies. …
Cell Type And Substrate Dependence Of Fibronectin Properties And Mechanotransduction, Navpreet S. Saini
Cell Type And Substrate Dependence Of Fibronectin Properties And Mechanotransduction, Navpreet S. Saini
Theses and Dissertations
Fibronectin is an important protein that is able to bind to other fibronectin molecules and to cell surface receptors. In doing so, the interactions fibronectin can perform is important for the processes of cell migration and tissue formation. Understanding the properties of fibronectin and fibril assembly is useful for areas such as wound healing, where fibronectin molecules are assembled to protect the tissue and to perform other tasks. Because of these reasons, it is important to understand how fibronectin is assembled and how its properties affect the fibril assembly, which in return affects the way the cell matrix operates. Previously …
Differential Mobility Classifiers In The Non-Ideal Assembly, Thamir Alsharifi
Differential Mobility Classifiers In The Non-Ideal Assembly, Thamir Alsharifi
Theses and Dissertations
The differential mobility classifier (DMC) is one of the core components in electrical mobility particle sizers for sizing sub-micrometer particles. Designing the DMC requires knowledge of the geometrical and constructional imperfection (or tolerance). Studying the effects of geometrical imperfection on the performance of the DMC is necessary to provide manufacturing tolerance and it helps to predict the performance of geometrically imperfect classifiers, as well as providing a calibration curve for the DMC. This thesis was accomplished via studying the cylindrical classifier and the parallel plate classifier. The numerical model was built using the most recent versions of COMSOL Multiphysics® …
Engineering Of Earth-Abundant Electrochemical Catalysts, Dylan D. Rodene
Engineering Of Earth-Abundant Electrochemical Catalysts, Dylan D. Rodene
Theses and Dissertations
Alternative energy research into hydrogen production via water electrolysis addresses environmental and sustainability concerns associated with fossil fuel use. Renewable-powered electrolyzers are foreseen to produce hydrogen if energy and cost requirements are achieved. Electrocatalysts reduce the energy requirements of operating electrolyzers by lowering the reaction kinetics at the electrodes. Platinum group metals (PGMs) tend to be utilized as electrocatalysts but are not readily available and are expensive. Ni1-xMox alloys, as low-cost and earth-abundant transition metal nanoparticles (NPs), are emerging as promising electrocatalyst candidates to replace expensive PGM catalysts in alkaline media. Pure-phase cubic and hexagonal Ni1-x …
Design And Testing Of An Agonist-Antagonist Position-Impedance Controlled Myoelectric Prosthesis, Christopher Aymonin
Design And Testing Of An Agonist-Antagonist Position-Impedance Controlled Myoelectric Prosthesis, Christopher Aymonin
Theses and Dissertations
Intuitive prosthetic control is limited by the inability to easily convey intention and perceive physical requirements of the task. Rather than providing haptic feedback and allowing users to consciously control every component of manipulation, relegating some aspects of control to the device may simplify operation. This study focuses on the development and testing of a control scheme able to identify object stiffness and regulate impedance. The system includes an algorithm to detect the apparent stiffness of an object, a proportional nonlinear EMG control algorithm for interpreting a user’s desired grasp aperture, and an antagonistically acting impedance controller. Performance of a …
The Application Of Index Based, Region Segmentation, And Deep Learning Approaches To Sensor Fusion For Vegetation Detection, David L. Stone
The Application Of Index Based, Region Segmentation, And Deep Learning Approaches To Sensor Fusion For Vegetation Detection, David L. Stone
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates the application of index based, region segmentation, and deep learning methods to the sensor fusion of omnidirectional (O-D) Infrared (IR) sensors, Kinnect sensors, and O-D vision sensors to increase the level of intelligent perception for unmanned robotic platforms. The goals of this work is first to provide a more robust calibration approach and improve the calibration of low resolution and noisy IR O-D cameras. Then our goal was to explore the best approach to sensor fusion for vegetation detection. We looked at index based, region segmentation, and deep learning methods and compared them with a goal of …
Metallic Systems At The Nano And Micro Scale: Bimetallic Nanoparticles As Catalysts And Mcraly Bond Coats In Thermal Barrier Coatings, Kenneth Kane
Theses and Dissertations
The dissertation is split into two parts. The first part will be focused on changes in material properties found at the nanoscale, as miscibility and electronic structure can change significantly with size. The formation of classically-immiscible bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) becomes favorable at the nanoscale and novel catalytic properties can emerge from the bimetallic alloying. The formation of alloyed and non-alloyed BNPs is achieved through pulse laser ablation (PLA) and a significant increase in catalytic activity is observed for both. Recently discovered, the increased activity in the non-alloyed BNPs, deemed multicomponent photocatalysis, is examined and the proposed mechanism discussed. The second …
Multi-Column Neural Networks And Sparse Coding Novel Techniques In Machine Learning, Ammar O. Hoori
Multi-Column Neural Networks And Sparse Coding Novel Techniques In Machine Learning, Ammar O. Hoori
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate and fast machine learning (ML) algorithms are highly vital in artificial intelligence (AI) applications. In complex dataset problems, traditional ML methods such as radial basis function neural network (RBFN), sparse coding (SC) using dictionary learning, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) provide trivial results, large structure, slow training, and/or slow testing. This dissertation introduces four novel ML techniques: the multi-column RBFN network (MCRN), the projected dictionary learning algorithm (PDL) and the multi-column adaptive and non-adaptive particle swarm optimization techniques (MC-APSO and MC-PSO). These novel techniques provide efficient alternatives for traditional ML techniques. Compared to traditional ML techniques, the novel ML …
The Role Of Kras In Mechanosensing In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Krista M. Powell
The Role Of Kras In Mechanosensing In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Krista M. Powell
Theses and Dissertations
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer related death worldwide, with more than 1.6 million fatalities each year. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of all lung cancers, with KRAS being one of the most prevalent oncogenic driver mutations. Therapeutic approaches for KRAS-mutated NSCLC have been extensively explored due to the US National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, but methods of directly targeting KRAS or downstream effectors, such as MEK, still have poor results. Previous reports have shown that KRAS-mutated NSCLC activate distinct receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) depending on the epithelial or mesenchymal state. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) …
Designing Biomimetic Implant Surfaces To Promote Osseointegration Under Osteoporotic Conditions By Revitalizing Mechanisms Coupling Bone Resorption To Formation, Ethan M. Lotz
Theses and Dissertations
In cases of compromised bone remodeling like osteoporosis, insufficient osseointegration occurs and results in implant failure. Implant retention relies on proper secondary fixation, which is developed during bone remodeling. This process is disrupted in metastatic bone diseases like osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized low bone mass and bone strength resulting from either accelerated osteoclast-mediated bone resorption or impaired osteoblast-mediated bone formation. These two processes are not independent phenomena. In fact, osteoporosis can be viewed as a breakdown of the cellular communication connecting bone resorption to bone formation. Because bone remodeling occurs at temporally generated specific anatomical sites and at different times, …