Engineering Commons^™

Financially Motivated Lmp Manipulation By Aggregators In Power Markets, Chaoyi Chen

Theses and Dissertations

Renewable energy accounts for a sizeable share within modern power systems and aggregators of renewable generators play an important role in the electricity market. However, because renewable generators produce power intermittently, it is hard to monitor and supervise the behavior of the aggregators. There is a chance for aggregators to manipulate the locational marginal prices (LMPs) in the power market by curtailing generation in order to increase their profits.

In this thesis we propose a tri-level model that can quantify aggregators’ potential profits. This model is based on both a real-time optimal dispatch and an LMP clearing procedure. With this …

Investigation Of Dielectrophoretic Microfluidic Trap System For Separation And Parallel Analysis Of Single Particles, Tae Joon Kwak

Theses and Dissertations

Separation and identification of single molecules and particles based on their chemical, biochemical and physical properties are critical in wide range of biomedical applications. Manipulating a single biomolecule requires sensitive approaches to avoid damage to the molecule. Recent progress in micro- and nano-technology enabled the development of various novel methods and devices to trap, separate, and characterize micro- and nano-particles. In this dissertation, a microfluidic particle trap system to electrically separate particles at the single particle level was developed through particle manipulation methods using dielectrophoresis. The research in this dissertation will explain the operation strategy and setup of the novel …

Multi-Tap Extended Kalman Filter For A Periodic Waveform With Uncertain Frequency And Waveform Shape, And Data Dropouts, Justin Saboury

Theses and Dissertations

Gait analysis presents the challenge of detecting a periodic waveform in the presence of time varying frequency, amplitude, DC offset, and waveform shape, with acquisition gaps from partial occlusions. The combination of all of these components presents a formidable challenge. The Extended Kalman Filter for this system model has six states, which makes it weakly identifiable within the standard Extended Kalman Filter network. In this work, a novel robust Extended Kalman Filter-based approach is presented and evaluated for clinical use in gait analysis. The novel aspect of the proposed method is that at each sample, the present and several past …

Trajectory Tracking Of A Four Degree Of Freedom Robotic Manipulator, Mohammad Rezwan Sheikh

Theses and Dissertations

A robotic manipulator can be utilized for multiple applications. As there are some expensive and bulky robotic manipulators with multi-functionalities are available in the market but not affordable for many people, a low-cost robotic manipulator, Dobot Magician, available in the market is used in this research to add more features in it. The forward kinematics and inverse kinematics are analyzed in this research besides studying about PID and computed torque control approaches. In this research, alphabets and numbers are coded using an object-oriented programming language (C#) to make the learning of alphabet, numbers, words, and sentence writing more fun to …

Tuning Size And Light Emission Characteristics Of Cdses/Zns Alloyed Core-Shell Quantum Dots By Alcohol, John Casey Marnocha

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, a one-step isotropic down-tuning of the size of alloyed CdSe1−xSx/ZnS core- shell quantum dots is developed by vapor and liquid-phase etching using a ∼ 10 : 1 isopropyl alcohol to water solution. The results of spectroscopic studies confirm continuous variation of the excitonic emission color from red to green for samples treated for up to 15 mins using a vapor-based method. According to HRTEM characterizations, the shift is consistent with a diameter reduction of quantum dots that proceeds at the average rate of ∼ 1.3 ̊A/min. The emission intensity while seen to undergo an initial drop due …

Experimental And Analytical Study Of The Novel Static Flow Meters, Ehsan Sanatizadeh

Theses and Dissertations

Flow metering is the measurement of the volume of a substance passing through a cross-sectional area per unit time. In various industries, many diverse types of flow meters are used to evaluate and control the velocity of the fluid passing through a system. In the water industry, flow meters are crucial in evaluating the performance of large scale industrial water filtration systems, and in the detection of underperforming elements. Reliable flow metering technology is essential to guarantee the production of clean safe drinking water.

An ongoing issue with existing flow metering technologies is cost-effectiveness. This is a major limiting factor …

Investigation Of Performance And Cavitation Treatment In A Kaplan Hydro Turbine, Muhannad R. Al-Haddad

Theses and Dissertations

Cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs in various turbomachinery applications causing drawbacks on the. Some of these downsides are damaging the components of the system, generating noise and vibration, and loss of the turbine efficiency over time. Thus, it is imperative to address issue of cavitation to increase the life span of the equipment in addition to improve the system performance. This thesis introduces a method used to mitigate the cavitation phenomenon in a 3-inch Kaplan hydro turbine via injecting air at the leading edge of the rotor blades. The study is based on modeling the turbine using Computational Fluid …

A State Evaluation Method For Solder Layer In Mosfet, Zhenyu Deng

Theses and Dissertations

MOSFET is the core component in power equipment. It is widely used in electrical vehicles (EV), wind generation, rail transit and so on. The long-term impact of temperature and stress cause fatigue in the device during operation. Because of the low melting point of 96.5Sn3.5Ag, solder layer aging and failure is one of the main failure modes. So, it is important to figure out the failure mechanism and the effects of defects in the solder layer.

A finite element (FE) model considered the temperature dependence of materials was built in COMSOL software to support the subsequent studies. Effects of voids …

High Frequency Constraints On The Layout Of Wide Band Gap-Based Power Electronic Assemblies Within Shielded Enclosures, Jonathan Hajime Itokazu

Theses and Dissertations

Since its integration into power electronic converters, the value proposition of wide band

gap semiconductors has yet to be holistically realized due to the high frequency effects associated with increased switching speeds. The United States Navy’s Smart Ship System

Design (S3D) platform enables the investigation of wide band gap-based devices in shipboard Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) Integrated Power and Energy Systems

(IPES) through the use of metaheuristic model-based scaling laws. These physics-based

scaling laws are produced from a virtual prototyping approach which takes into account the

discrete building blocks associated with multi-cell based power conversion and distribution

equipment and …

Wavelet Transform Based Methods For Fault Detection And Diagnosis Of Hvdc Transmission Systems, Zhongxuan Li

Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

WAVELET TRANSFORM BASED METHODS FOR FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

by

Zhonxguan Li

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2019

Under the Supervision of Professor Lingfeng Wang

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a key enabler in power system. HVDC offers a most efficient means of transmitting large amount of power. Applications of HVDC can improve the operation security, reliability performance and economy of power systems. Due to factors inside and outside the HVDC system, the system will experience various faults, which have infected HVDC system. VSC-HVDC is a HVDC transmission based on IGBT and PWM. VSC-HVDC direct current …

Novel Non-Invasive Technology For The Detection Of Thin Biofilm In Piping Systems (Phase - 1), Sachin Davis

Theses and Dissertations

Biofilms are formed when a group of cells of microorganisms stick to each other and often on a surface. The development of biofilm has been a major issue in many fields (medical field, food, chemical, and water industry are a few such fields). In the medical field alone, biofilm infections have reportedly cost over five billion USD in additional healthcare expenses. The food industry usually halts the operation of its plant eight hours, every day to ensure that their equipment and transportation channels are clean and free from any biofilm presence. Similarly, the water and chemical industry need to ensure …

Quantitative Evaluation Of Geared Manual Wheelchair Mobility In Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: An Integrative Approach, Omid Jahanian

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation is to quantify the effects of using geared wheelchair wheels on upper extremity biomechanics and energy expenditure during functional mobility tasks in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The effects of using geared wheels on hand-rim biomechanics, glenohumeral joint dynamics, and shoulder muscle activity were investigated during manual wheelchair propulsion over tiled and carpeted level-floors and up a ramp in low gear (1.5:1) and standard gear (1:1) conditions. The results for the hand-rim biomechanics indicated that regardless of the terrain, using the geared wheels in the low gear condition significantly decreased the propulsion speed, stroke …

Derivation Of Power System Module Metamodels For Early Shipboard Design Explorations, Rounak Siddaiah

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. Navy is currently challenged to develop new ship designs under compressed schedules.

These ship designs must necessarily incorporate emerging technologies for high power energy

conversion in order to enable smaller ship designs with a high degree of electrification and

next generation electrified weapons. One way this challenge is being addressed is through development

of collaborative concurrent design environment that allows for design space exploration

across a wide range of implementation options. The most significant challenge is assurance of

a dependable power and energy service via the shipboard Integrated Power and Energy System

(IPES). The IPES is largely made …

A Viable Residential Dc Microgrid For Low Income Communities – Architecture, Protection And Education, Karthik Palaniappan

Theses and Dissertations

The availability of fossil fuels in the future and the environmental effects such as the carbon footprint of the existing methodologies to produce electricity is an increasing area of concern. In rural areas of under-developed parts of the world, the problem is lack of access to electrification. DC microgrids have become a proven solution to electrification in these areas with demonstrated exceptional quality of power, high reliability, efficiency, and simplified integration between renewable energy sources (principally solar PV) and energy storage. In the United States, a different problem occurs that can be addressed with the same DC microgrid approach that …

In Situ Chemical Probing Of Vacancy Defects In Graphene And Boron Nitride At Room Temperature, Ali Ihsan Altan

Theses and Dissertations

IN SITU CHEMICAL PROBING OF VACANCY DEFECTS IN GRAPHENE AND BORON NITRIDE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

by

Ali Ihsan Altan

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2019

Under the Supervision of Professor Jian Chen

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as the most promising technique towards manufacturing of large area, high quality graphene. Characterization, understanding, and controlling of various structural defects in CVD-grown graphene are essential to realize its true potential for real-world applications. We report a new method for in situ chemical probing of vacancy defects in CVD-grown graphene at room temperature. Our approach is based on a solid–gas phase reaction that …

A State Evaluation Method For Solder Layer In Mosfet, Zhenyu Deng

Theses and Dissertations

MOSFET is the core component in power equipment. It is widely used in electrical vehicles (EV), wind generation, rail transit and so on. The long-term impact of temperature and stress cause fatigue in the device during operation. Because of the low melting point of 96.5Sn3.5Ag, solder layer aging and failure is one of the main failure modes. So, it is important to figure out the failure mechanism and the effects of defects in the solder layer.

A finite element (FE) model considered the temperature dependence of materials was built in COMSOL software to support the subsequent studies. Effects of voids …

Experimental And Analytical Study Of The Novel Static Flow Meters, Ehsan Sanatizadeh

Theses and Dissertations

Flow metering is the measurement of the volume of a substance passing through a cross-sectional area per unit time. In various industries, many diverse types of flow meters are used to evaluate and control the velocity of the fluid passing through a system. In the water industry, flow meters are crucial in evaluating the performance of large scale industrial water filtration systems, and in the detection of underperforming elements. Reliable flow metering technology is essential to guarantee the production of clean safe drinking water.

An ongoing issue with existing flow metering technologies is cost-effectiveness. This is a major limiting factor …

A Two-Stage Model For Optimal Operation Of Multi-Energy Hub System For Resilience Enhancement Against Natural Disasters, Yanan Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

The climate change leads to more natural disasters which can lead to two results, one is that some generation and transmission infrastructures of energy will endure serious damages, and another is that cities and districts will probably be exposed to potentially large-scale blackouts. The pressures of energy and environment problems have prompted people to reflect on existing energy consumption patterns and begin to study the comprehensive utilization of various types of energy such as electricity, gas and heat. The concept of energy hub (EH) has emerged. It is a key hub within multi-energy network.

A Two-stage model for the operation …

Model Predictive Control Design For The Secondary Frequency Control Of Microgrid Considering Time Delay Attacks, Zhengrong Chen

Theses and Dissertations

Fast depleting fossil fuels and growing awareness of environmental protection have raised worldwide concerns, aiming to build a sustainable and smart energy ecosystem. Renewable energy generation plays an important role in providing clean power supply. However, the integration of a bulk renewable generation system would also introduce new forms of disturbances and uncertainties to impact the power quality, threatening the secure operation of the distribution network. Microgrid, as an emerging technology, is quite appealing to be interfaced with distribution systems due to its potential economic, environmental, and technical benefits. The microgrid differs from the “smart grid” with different control strategies …

A Viable Residential Dc Microgrid For Low Income Communities – Architecture, Protection And Education, Karthik Palaniappan

Theses and Dissertations

The availability of fossil fuels in the future and the environmental effects such as the carbon footprint of the existing methodologies to produce electricity is an increasing area of concern. In rural areas of under-developed parts of the world, the problem is lack of access to electrification. DC microgrids have become a proven solution to electrification in these areas with demonstrated exceptional quality of power, high reliability, efficiency, and simplified integration between renewable energy sources (principally solar PV) and energy storage. In the United States, a different problem occurs that can be addressed with the same DC microgrid approach that …

Reliability Analysis Of Electric Power Systems Considering Cyber Security, Sirui Tang

Theses and Dissertations

The new generation of the electric power system is the modern smart grid which is essentially a cyber and physical system (CPS). Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)/energy management system (EMS) is the key component of CPS, which is becoming the main target of both external and insider cyberattacks. Cybersecurity of the SCADA/EMS system is facing big challenges and influences the reliability of the electric power system. Characteristics of cyber threats will impact the system reliability. System reliability can be influenced by various cyber threats with different attack skill levels and attack paths. Additionally, the change of structure of the …

A Two-Stage Model For Optimal Operation Of Multi-Energy Hub System For Resilience Enhancement Against Natural Disasters, Yanan Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

The climate change leads to more natural disasters which can lead to two results, one is that some generation and transmission infrastructures of energy will endure serious damages, and another is that cities and districts will probably be exposed to potentially large-scale blackouts. The pressures of energy and environment problems have prompted people to reflect on existing energy consumption patterns and begin to study the comprehensive utilization of various types of energy such as electricity, gas and heat. The concept of energy hub (EH) has emerged. It is a key hub within multi-energy network.

A Two-stage model for the operation …

A Transactive Energy Framework For Multi-Energy Management In Smart Community, Jun Lei

Theses and Dissertations

Most community systems with large commercial buildings have heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. In this case, EHs (energy hubs) can be formed in these communities in order to maximize the utilization of energy. The concept of energy hub was proposed to facilitate the synergies among different forms of energy carriers. Under the new electricity market environment, it is of great significance to build a win-win situation for prosumer and the hub manager at the community level without bringing extra burden to the utility grid. A set of economic and control mechanisms that allows the dynamic balance of supply and …

A Comprehensive Study On The Estimation Of Freeway Travel Time Index And The Effect Of Traffic Data Quality, Ambily Pankaj

Theses and Dissertations

Travel time reliability aims to quantify the variation of travel time by using the entire range of travel times for a given trip, for a selected time period over a selected horizon. A trip can occur over a segment, facility or any subset of the transportation network, for the purpose of calculating travel time reliability. As one of the most important performance measures, travel time reliability reports the number of trips that fail or succeed according to a predetermined standard. Unreliability is usually caused by the interaction of factors that influence travel times, such as fluctuations in demand due to …

Machine Intelligence For Advanced Medical Data Analysis: Manifold Learning Approach, Fereshteh S Bashiri

Theses and Dissertations

In the current work, linear and non-linear manifold learning techniques, specifically Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Laplacian Eigenmaps, are studied in detail. Their applications in medical image and shape analysis are investigated.

In the first contribution, a manifold learning-based multi-modal image registration technique is developed, which results in a unified intensity system through intensity transformation between the reference and sensed images. The transformation eliminates intensity variations in multi-modal medical scans and hence facilitates employing well-studied mono-modal registration techniques. The method can be used for registering multi-modal images with full and partial data.

Next, a manifold learning-based scale invariant global shape …

Fault Diagnosis Of Hvdc Systems Using Machine Learning Based Methods, Yu Chen

Theses and Dissertations

With the development of high-power electronic technology, HVDC system is applied in the power system because of advantages in large-capacity and long-distance transmission, stability, and flexibility. Therefore, as the guarantee of reliable operating of HVDC system, fault diagnosis of the HVDC system is of great significance. In the current variety methods used in fault diagnosis, Machine Learning based methods have become a hotspot. To this end, the performance of several commonly used machine learning classifiers is compared in HVDC system. First of all, nine faults both in AC systems and DC systems of the HVDC system are set in the …

The Effective Use Of Portland Cement In Reactive Powder Hybrid Asphalt Concrete, Clayton Cloutier

Theses and Dissertations

Today, building a durable and cost-efficient infrastructure while minimizing future repair needs is a challenging task, and innovative technological breakthroughs are needed. Limited research has been conducted to investigate the use of portland cement (PC) to improve the performance of asphalt pavements. Portland cement in bitumen materials is attractive as it can improve the performance and reduce costs. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is also an attractive alternative to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) as this material produces tremendous energy savings by lowering the production temperatures and enhances certain performance characteristics. It can be envisioned that the use of portland cement incorporated …

Cad-Based Porous Scaffold Design Of Intervertebral Discs In Tissue Engineering, Ye Guo

Theses and Dissertations

With the development and maturity of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology over the past decade, 3D printing has been widely investigated and applied in the field of tissue engineering to repair damaged tissues or organs, such as muscles, skin, and bones, Although a number of automated fabrication methods have been developed to create superior bio-scaffolds with specific surface properties and porosity, the major challenges still focus on how to fabricate 3D natural biodegradable scaffolds that have tailor properties such as intricate architecture, porosity, and interconnectivity in order to provide the needed structural integrity, strength, transport, and ideal microenvironment for cell- and …

A Comprehensive Study On The Estimation Of Freeway Travel Time Index And The Effect Of Traffic Data Quality, Ambily Pankaj

Theses and Dissertations

Travel time reliability aims to quantify the variation of travel time by using the entire range of travel times for a given trip, for a selected time period over a selected horizon. A trip can occur over a segment, facility or any subset of the transportation network, for the purpose of calculating travel time reliability. As one of the most important performance measures, travel time reliability reports the number of trips that fail or succeed according to a predetermined standard. Unreliability is usually caused by the interaction of factors that influence travel times, such as fluctuations in demand due to …

A Transactive Energy Framework For Multi-Energy Management In Smart Community, Jun Lei

Theses and Dissertations

Most community systems with large commercial buildings have heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. In this case, EHs (energy hubs) can be formed in these communities in order to maximize the utilization of energy. The concept of energy hub was proposed to facilitate the synergies among different forms of energy carriers. Under the new electricity market environment, it is of great significance to build a win-win situation for prosumer and the hub manager at the community level without bringing extra burden to the utility grid. A set of economic and control mechanisms that allows the dynamic balance of supply and …