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Articles 3121 - 3150 of 3180

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Laboratory And Field Investigations To Address Erosion, Volume Change And Desiccation Cracking Of Compost Amended Expansive Subsoils, Napat Intharasombat Dec 2005

Laboratory And Field Investigations To Address Erosion, Volume Change And Desiccation Cracking Of Compost Amended Expansive Subsoils, Napat Intharasombat

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Desiccations cracks are formed during drying process of fine grained cohesive soils in summer and these cracks often appear on unpaved subgrades due to direct exposure to sun. These cracks allow surface runoff infiltration into subsoils and eventually weaken adjacent base and subgrade layers. The loss of support from these underlying layers results in both longitudinal and transverse cracks in paved shoulders and pavements. Composting is a successful method of recycling organic waste material into stabilized materials that could be used for erosion control and landscaping applications. Since compost is rich in fibrous material and exhibits moisture affinity characteristics, it …

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Removal Of Carbonyl Sulfide Using Compost Biofilter: Measurement Of Removal Rates And Elimination Capacity In Conjunction With Hydrogen Sulfide, Divya R. Garrepalli Dec 2005

Removal Of Carbonyl Sulfide Using Compost Biofilter: Measurement Of Removal Rates And Elimination Capacity In Conjunction With Hydrogen Sulfide, Divya R. Garrepalli

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A lab study using biofiltration was conducted using three PVC columns as biofilters, with hardwood chips and compost as the media. Previous research determined the removal efficiency of carbonyl sulfide alone. (Nawal, 2004) Typically, however H2S is present with COS in the air streams from wastewater treatment plant units. In the current study, different combinations of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide gases were tested using H2S/COS ratios typical of the concentrations from wastewater treatment plants. Various runs were conducted using compost and hardwood chips individually and also with an 80:20 ratio by volume of wood chips to compost. The specific …

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Fabrication And Mechanical Characterization Of A Two-Ply Cross Fiber Stent And Fibers Comprising Blends Of Poly(L-Lactic Acid), Sushma Gampa Dec 2005

Fabrication And Mechanical Characterization Of A Two-Ply Cross Fiber Stent And Fibers Comprising Blends Of Poly(L-Lactic Acid), Sushma Gampa

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Recent studies indicate that stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is critical for minimizing acute coronary syndromes. In this regard a new biodegradable stent design, the Two-ply cross fiber stent, has been developed to reduce stent-imposed stresses on such plaque and to provide increased drug reservoir capability. A comparative study of the mechanical properties of Two-ply and Single-ply stent designs was performed. Fibers comprising PLLA blends were developed and their thermal and mechanical properties were determined. Lateral spreading of helical fibers upon deployment of the Two ply design was observed that, in theory, may reduce stresses on the plaque surface. The …

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Parametric And Non-Parametric Analysis Of Carotid Sinus Baroreflex System Using Electrically Induced Muscle Contraction, Sheetal D. Deshmukh Dec 2005

Parametric And Non-Parametric Analysis Of Carotid Sinus Baroreflex System Using Electrically Induced Muscle Contraction, Sheetal D. Deshmukh

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The arterial pressure is an important physiological parameter which if not maintained at desired level may lead to fatal disorders or in worst situations even death. The physiological feedback control mechanism in order to regulate the arterial pressure is performed by the baroreceptors. In this study the dynamic characteristics of carotid sinus baroreceptor are identified to obtain the open-loop characteristics of the carotid sinus pressure (CSP, mmHg) to the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA, Arbitrary unit), RSNA to systemic arterial pressure (SAP, mmHg), CSP to SAP and CSP to heart rate (HR, bpm).The purpose of this study was to know …

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Statistics-Based Approaches To Stochastic Optimal Control Problems, Aihong Wen Dec 2005

Statistics-Based Approaches To Stochastic Optimal Control Problems, Aihong Wen

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation develops practical approaches to stochastic optimal control problems in the absence of linear system transition functions, quadratic cost functions, and/or Gaussian random disturbances. In such type of problems, an analytical solution is impossible and numerical synthesis techniques have to be applied. The ''classic'' algorithms existing in the literature suffer from the problem of the''curse of dimensionality,'' an exponential increase of computation time and memory requirements as the dimension of the problem grows. The statistics-based numerical approaches are presented as the main tools for mitigating the ``curse of dimensionality'' phenomenon. Two approaches are explored: (A) stochastic dynamic programming (SDP), …

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Investigation Of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer With Nanofluids, Gilberto Moreno Nov 2005

Investigation Of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer With Nanofluids, Gilberto Moreno

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This investigation conducts pool boiling experiments under saturated conditions (Tsat=60°C) using nanofluids as coolants. Four different nanofluids were tested including zinc oxide (ZnO)-water, aluminum oxide (Al2O3)-water, aluminum oxide (Al2O3)-water+ethylene glycol (ethylene glycol solution) and gold (Au)-water. At saturation (Tsat=60 °C), the pool boiling performance of Al2O3-water and ZnO-water nanofluids were similar. The maximum CHF enhancement as compared to predicted Zuber's [1] CHF evaluated at an equivalent saturation temperature is about 180% for Al2O3-water nanofluids and about 240% for ZnO-water nanofluids. In both cases, no degradation in the boiling heat transfer rate was observed for lower nanoparticle concentrations. The dispersion of …

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The Thermal Characteristics Of Liquid-Heat-Spreader, Sang Muk Kwark Nov 2005

The Thermal Characteristics Of Liquid-Heat-Spreader, Sang Muk Kwark

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The present study is an experimental research of a liquid-heat-spreader (LHS) with saturated water at ~2.29 psia. A LHS, indirect liquid cooling module, was successfully fabricated using thin copper blocks and copper tubes using solder. Three types of LHS, Flat-type, L-type, and T-type, were developed for different orientations and were compared with solid metal blocks such as aluminum and copper. The Flat-type LHS, 100 (W) × 254 (L) × 3 (T) mm3, was designed for vertical orientation. It showed a remarkable thermal performance by dissipating heat flux of 119 W/cm2 with below 100? chip temperature at the typical condition. The …

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A Cmos Ultra-Wideband Differential Low Noise Amplifier, Timothy Bryan Merkin Nov 2005

A Cmos Ultra-Wideband Differential Low Noise Amplifier, Timothy Bryan Merkin

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

In this thesis, a CMOS Ultra-wideband (UWB) Low noise Amplifier (LNA) was designed and simulated. In the design, specific architecture decisions were made in consideration of ultimately including this LNA in a system-on-chip implementation of an Ultra-wideband communication system. The basic architecture of the LNA designed herein exhibits a differential amplifier core with active input and output impedance matching, minimizing the number of expensive space consuming passive inductors necessary for passive impedance matching networks. The LNA maintains a gain of 16.4dB with a ±0.25dB ripple over the band of 3.1-6.2GHz. Despite the use of an active input matching stage, the …

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Cmos 5th Derivative Gaussian Impulse Generator For Uwb Application, Shin-Chih Chang Nov 2005

Cmos 5th Derivative Gaussian Impulse Generator For Uwb Application, Shin-Chih Chang

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

A complete impulse generating system was designed and simulated which generates the fifth order derivative of the Gaussian pulse intended for use in an impulse-type ultra-wideband wireless communication system. By using a continuous-time FIR impulse shaping filter, the system transforms a normal Gaussian pulse signal obtained from an existing CMOS Gaussian pulse generator into its fifth derivative. The transformation filtering was accomplished without lengthening the time duration of the original pulse or causing any noticeable ringing effects. The final output waveform closely resembles the fifth derivative of the Gaussian pulse, and also satisfies the spectral mask emission requirements specified by …

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A Simulation Tool Suite For The Modeling And Optimization Of Multiple Quantum Well Structures, Jeffery Wayne Allen Nov 2005

A Simulation Tool Suite For The Modeling And Optimization Of Multiple Quantum Well Structures, Jeffery Wayne Allen

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis aims to develop a suite of computational tools for design, analysis, and simulation of semiconductor multiple quantum well structures with a user-friendly GUI. The research project focuses on the electrical and optical aspects of user defined quantum well structures, and allows the user to vary design parameters to optimize the structure for different device applications and functionality. Specifically the thesis delves into the design and analysis of different quantum well structures as they relate to band gap engineering. Key features of this computational suite include relationship to electrical field, doping profiles and optical transitions. The quantum well structures …

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Optimization Of H.264 Baseline Decoder On Arm9tdmi Processor, Sandya B. Sheshadri Nov 2005

Optimization Of H.264 Baseline Decoder On Arm9tdmi Processor, Sandya B. Sheshadri

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

With the newly introduced features and advancements to the pre-existing features, the emerging H.264 video coding standard achieves significant improvements in coding performance over all existing standards, in a wide variety of applications. The coding-efficiency advantages of H.264, however, come at the expense of higher computational complexity. H.264 decoders can exhibit more than double the complexity of H.263 decoders. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that fractional-pixel motion-compensation interpolation and the loop filtering consume a significant amount of computational power in emerging H.264 decoders. Since these operations are part of the baseline profile of H.264, there is a need to evaluate …

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Region Of Interest (Roi) Based Rate Control For H.263 Compatible Video Conferecing, Lin Tong Nov 2005

Region Of Interest (Roi) Based Rate Control For H.263 Compatible Video Conferecing, Lin Tong

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation presents a region of interest (ROI) based H.263 [10] [13] compatible video codec, which integrates the idea of object-based coding from MPEG-4 Visual [9] [15] into the traditional block-based H.263 codec. A face detection and tracking scheme with very low complexity is proposed to segment human face region from video conferencing sequences in real-time. For intra frames, the proposed detection method is a hybrid skin color and mosaic-rule based face detection and for inter frames the face tracking method uses motion vectors only. With the segmentation information, the ROI based codec and its associated rate control schemes are …

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Error-Resilient Image And Video Coding Over Lossy Networks, Yilong Liu Nov 2005

Error-Resilient Image And Video Coding Over Lossy Networks, Yilong Liu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The rapid growth of the Internet and increasing bandwidth in the past decade has heightened the interest in robust transmission of image and video signals over error-prone links. Recent literatures highlight the multiple description (MD) coding as a promising approach to solve this problem. MD coding is a source coding technique that provides a graceful quality degradation in the presence of packet losses during transmission. Topics of interest to construct MD coders with high coding efficiency and robustness are studied in this thesis. First, to minimize the overall distortion of reconstructed image, an edge-adaptive estimation algorithm is employed, which can …

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Eigenspace Model Based Error Concealment And Low Bit Rate Coding Of Face Sequences, Xuejun Hu Nov 2005

Eigenspace Model Based Error Concealment And Low Bit Rate Coding Of Face Sequences, Xuejun Hu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The emerging multimedia applications address the increasing demand for novel video coding systems to provide higher compression ratio while maintaining the high quality of the reconstruction. This research makes an effort under such context to investigate the application of principal component analysis (PCA) in the video coding area, especially for error concealment and very low bit rate face coding. PCA is a well known optimal linear scheme for dimension reduction in data analysis. The central idea of PCA is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set while retaining as much as possible the variation in the data set. Since …

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Modeling And Feedback Control Of Mems Devices, Bruno Borovic Nov 2005

Modeling And Feedback Control Of Mems Devices, Bruno Borovic

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

As MEMS actuators reach maturity and emerge from the research lab into commercial applications, their increased reliability, speed, and performance accuracy is needed. MEMS are typically driven directly in an open-loop fashion by applying simple actuating signals. The requirements for better dynamical behavior, however, have resulted in the gradual introduction of improved actuation approaches, such as pre-shaped open-loop driving and closed-loop control. Unlike macro mechanical systems where the implementation of the feedback is relatively simple, it is quite problematic in the MEMS case. The presence of fast system dynamics, and physical area efficiency requirements have introduced additional challenges for feedback …

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Optimization Of H.264 High Profile Decoder For Pentium 4 Processor, Tarun Bhatia Nov 2005

Optimization Of H.264 High Profile Decoder For Pentium 4 Processor, Tarun Bhatia

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

H.264 is an emerging video coding standard, which aims at compressing high-quality video content at low-bit rates. While the basic idea behind the encoding and decoding process still remains the same as in the previous standards, many new and innovative tools have been added to provide higher compression capabilities with high perceptual quality. These capabilities have also contributed to the increase in complexity of implementation of H.264 significantly compared to the previous generation of video coding standards. In this thesis, the performance analysis of the H.264 decoder for decoding of high profile high definition data is done for the Pentium …

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Integrated High Speed Intelligent Utility Tie Unit For Disbursed/Renewable Generation Facilities, Worakarn Wongsaichua Nov 2005

Integrated High Speed Intelligent Utility Tie Unit For Disbursed/Renewable Generation Facilities, Worakarn Wongsaichua

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

After experiencing the price hikes and rotating blackouts in California, the disbursed or distributed generation (DG) is considered as one of the most attractive alternatives for future utility industry. In addition to the conventional DG that uses fossil-fuel to generate power, the DG via renewable energy is of interest due to the environmental concern. Fuel cell and photovoltaic are the most promising technologies for the urban residential and small commercial users. For economic and reliability purposes, it is desirable for these facilities to be interconnected with the utility grid to perform peak shaving, demand reduction, and to serve as emergency …

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Improving The Quality Of Low Bitrate Lpc Speech Codec Using Gamma-Chirp Filterbank, Amin Khajeh Djahromi Sep 2005

Improving The Quality Of Low Bitrate Lpc Speech Codec Using Gamma-Chirp Filterbank, Amin Khajeh Djahromi

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

In this thesis, two methods for getting higher speech quality in low bit-rate LPC coder in comparison with the original LPC coder were presented. In order to improve the quality of the speech, the embedded method which can take the place of the traditional synthesis algorithm in LPC coders and the post-processing method that also can be used as the last stage in the LPC-coder based systems were proposed. In the embedded method, the result of MOS test of the synthesized speech increased by 0.8 and in the post-processing method the result of MOS test of the synthesized speech increased …

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An Experimental Investigation Of Ionization Of Supersonic Air By A Corona Discharge, Udyavar S. Satyanand Aug 2005

An Experimental Investigation Of Ionization Of Supersonic Air By A Corona Discharge, Udyavar S. Satyanand

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

A technique is developed to ionize supersonic air flow in a shock tube by a weak corona discharge. The driven section of the tube is open to the atmosphere. The shock propagates in the driven section at about 1 km/s by means of an area contraction near the downstream end of the driven section. Air is ionized by a unipolar corona discharge device comprising of a sharp-edged wedge as a high-field electrode inserted in a 41.25 mm (2 in.) ID tube that forms a low-field electrode. The device requires less than 0.5 W. A ring probe, downstream of the corona …

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Numerical Simulation Of Pulse Detonation Phenomena In A Parallel Environment, Prashaanth Ravindran Aug 2005

Numerical Simulation Of Pulse Detonation Phenomena In A Parallel Environment, Prashaanth Ravindran

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The objective of this work was to develop a parallel algorithm that would be used in the simulation of the detonation process in the chamber of a pulse detonation engine. The emphasis is laid on reducing computation time while maintaining the accuracy of the solution and subsequently developing a numerical solution to be in agreement with real-world physical characteristics of a detonation wave initiation, build-up and progression. The flow is assumed to be unsteady, inviscid and non heat conducting. To adhere to real time effects, the flow equations are coupled with finite rate chemistry and the vibrational energy equation are …

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An Approximate Solution To Buckling Of Plates By The Galerkin Method, Yattender Rishi Dubey Aug 2005

An Approximate Solution To Buckling Of Plates By The Galerkin Method, Yattender Rishi Dubey

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis presents a semi-analytical method to solve the governing differential equation of plates using the Galerkin method. Symbolic algebra software is extensively used to perform necessary calculations. In this thesis, the lateral deflection of a plate is expressed in a series of polynomials each of which satisfies the given homogeneous boundary conditions. The coefficients of these polynomials are found out by the Galerkin method. Symbolic algebra software works best while handling necessary algebra to generate admissible polynomials and build required matrices for solving for the coefficients.This thesis demonstrates the calculation of the lateral load for different plates under different …

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Spreading, Solidification And Remelting Behavior Of Liquid Metal Droplets Sequentially Impinging Onto A Metal Substrate, Lister Manohar Pinto Aug 2005

Spreading, Solidification And Remelting Behavior Of Liquid Metal Droplets Sequentially Impinging Onto A Metal Substrate, Lister Manohar Pinto

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The fluid dynamics and simultaneous solidification of two successive molten metal droplets impacting a flat substrate is investigated numerically. The primary objective is to investigate the effects of initial droplet and substrate temperature, and the latent heat of substrate material, on the spreading, solidification and remelting of molten tin droplets impacting a substrate of the same material. A robust fluid-flow solver that is capable of modeling rapidly deforming free surfaces involving a moving phase-change boundary is employed in the study. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume formulation. A two-step projection method is used to solve for incompressible …

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Design Optimization And Synthesis Of Manipulators Based On Various Manipulation Indices, Sandipak Bagchi Aug 2005

Design Optimization And Synthesis Of Manipulators Based On Various Manipulation Indices, Sandipak Bagchi

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Design optimization of serial manipulators involves striking a balance between an appropriate joint angle and exact link lengths. The optimization technique used in this thesis uses a unique algorithm that optimizes the joint angle through an Inverse Kinematics program. The synthesis problem involves setting up an accurate design length so as to reach a set of given target points inside the workspace without any singularity. The optimization process based on task specification focuses on the maximization of manipulability index, the objective function subjected to link length and joint angle constraints. The results obtained were plotted and animated to visualize the …

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Piezoelectric Micropump For Drug Delivery Application, Miteshkumar Sureshchandra Joshi Aug 2005

Piezoelectric Micropump For Drug Delivery Application, Miteshkumar Sureshchandra Joshi

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Bending type actuators providing high displacement (~1mm) with low blocking force (~0.5N) and the stack actuators providing low displacement (~1m) with high blocking force (~1kN) represent the extreme ends of the current piezoelectric actuation technology. In the intermediate range there is deficiency of the actuator designs that provide high displacement with high blocking force in low frequency range of ~2 kHz. This thesis addresses this issue and describes a metal-ceramic actuator design that exhibits high displacement with high blocking force. The structure consist of a piezoelectric bar poled along the length and metal caps were attached to the two opposite …

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Comparison Of Adsorption Capacities Of Nanoadsorbents With Conventional Activated Carbon For Volatile Organic Compounds, Namrata Baburao Deshmukh Aug 2005

Comparison Of Adsorption Capacities Of Nanoadsorbents With Conventional Activated Carbon For Volatile Organic Compounds, Namrata Baburao Deshmukh

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This research explores the potential for using single wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) for adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) categorized as hazardous air pollutants and which contribute to ground level ozone smog formation. It also compares the adsorption capacity of conventional activated carbon and carbon nanohorns. Carbon nanoadsorbents, with at least one dimension on the nanometer scale, can possess advantages over traditional activated carbon adsorbents in terms of binding energies or interaction potentials for physisorption. Nanotubes and nanohorns both have excellent adsorption properties due to high-energy adsorption sites in their interior (internal pores) and in the region between adjacent nanotubes/nanohorns …

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Field And Experimental Studies To Assess The Performance Of Stabilized Expansive Clay, Gautham S. Pillappa Aug 2005

Field And Experimental Studies To Assess The Performance Of Stabilized Expansive Clay, Gautham S. Pillappa

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A vast majority of the expansive soils are montmorillonite-rich clays, over consolidated clays and shales. The swell and shrinkage movements of expansive soil cause considerable damage to structures such as buildings and pavements. This damage can be attributed to moisture fluctuations caused by seasonal variations. Volumetric changes typically appear in the form of cracks which will lead to the softening and vertical heaving in subsoils. Both softening and vertical expansion induce damage to overlying structures. Certain soils rich with sulfates exhibit swell and heaving even after treatment with stabilizers. The present research project was conducted at the University of Texas …

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Evaluation Of Texas Cone Penetrometer Test To Predict Undrained Shear Strength Of Clays, Hariharan Vasudevan Aug 2005

Evaluation Of Texas Cone Penetrometer Test To Predict Undrained Shear Strength Of Clays, Hariharan Vasudevan

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The cone penetration test used in Texas is termed as Texas cone penetrometer (TCP), which works on dynamic principles similar to those of SPT, i.e. a hammer is used to drive the cone device for a preset depth of penetration of 12 inches. Results are typically reported in the form of N12 values. Correlations between N12 and soil strength properties are currently used by the TxDOT to determine in situ strength properties of soils prior to any infrastructure design. A research study was initiated to evaluate the existing shear strength predicting correlations used by TxDOT and its applicability for soils …

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Water Damage Evaluation Of Concrete Infrastructure, Roshan Shakya Aug 2005

Water Damage Evaluation Of Concrete Infrastructure, Roshan Shakya

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This study presents an experimental program to evaluate the effect of a special waterproofing material, International Chem-Crete Pavix (CCP), on the durability of concrete. The experimental program identified the concrete mix design commonly used for pavement and other infrastructure as set by Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT). The tests conducted include the water absorption and air void (ASTM C 642), freeze-thaw (ASTM C 666), chloride penetration (ASTM C 1202), and petrographic (ASTM C 457) test. The tests were performed on both cored and laboratory treated and untreated specimens. The absorption test was performed on the concrete specimens with water cement …

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Impacts Of Signal Synchronization On Vehicular Emissions - An On-Board Measurement Case Study, Rupangi Munshi Aug 2005

Impacts Of Signal Synchronization On Vehicular Emissions - An On-Board Measurement Case Study, Rupangi Munshi

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Nearly 56% of total nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are produced by mobile sources. Transportation and air quality managers at the state and regional level have the responsibility of developing and evaluating Transportation Control Measures (TCMs) and Transportation Improvement Plans (TIPs) to improve air quality of the region. Signal synchronization is considered to be an effective TCM to reduce corridor congestion and maintain air quality in the region. This research was carried to determine the impacts of signal synchronization on real-world, on-road emissions. A portable instrument, OBS-1300 manufactured by Horiba Instruments Inc., was used to measure on-road tailpipe emissions of NOx …

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Development Of Finite Element Method-Based Model Equations For Hollow Tapered Poles, Jiwon Jung Aug 2005

Development Of Finite Element Method-Based Model Equations For Hollow Tapered Poles, Jiwon Jung

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This study presents the development of three-parameter load-deflection models for steel and FRP poles commonly used to support closed circuit television cameras. An experimental investigation is carried out to obtain static load-deflection characteristics of tapered octagonal steel cross section and circular FRP cross section poles. Numerical results generated from three-dimensional isoparametric finite element model (FEM) considering coupled nonlinear algorithms for material, geometric, contact, and pre-tensioning effects are compared with those obtained experimentally. Eight-node elsto-plastic solid element is employed to model the pole, end-plate, bolts, concrete base, and laboratory reaction floor. The laboratory reaction floor is modeled with a thick plate …

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