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Articles 2671 - 2700 of 3180

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

A Microfluidic Platform To Study Cell Migration, Smitha Malalur Nagaraja Rao Jan 2009

A Microfluidic Platform To Study Cell Migration, Smitha Malalur Nagaraja Rao

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Migration of cancer cells from the primary organ to distant sites is critical to the development of malignant metastasis. This is partly dependant on the various chemical factors present in the blood serum. Cell motility studies using conventional Boyden chamber assays require high volumes of reagents. The measurement provides only an end-point result and time-lapse study of the cell deformation and migration cannot be performed. We have designed and evaluated a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device in order to study cell migration in the presence of gradients. Photolithography and soft lithography processes were used to fabricate the PDMS devices from the …

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Performance Analysis And Comparison Of Dirac Video Codec With H.264 / Mpeg-4 Part 10 Avc, Aruna Ravi Jan 2009

Performance Analysis And Comparison Of Dirac Video Codec With H.264 / Mpeg-4 Part 10 Avc, Aruna Ravi

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Dirac is a hybrid motion-compensated state-of-the-art video codec that uses modern techniques such as wavelet transforms and arithmetic coding. It is an open technology, designed to avoid patent infringement and can be used without the payment of license fees. It is well suited to the business model of public service broadcasters as it can be easily recreated for new platforms. Dirac is aimed at applications ranging from HDTV (high definition television) to web streaming.H.264, MPEG-4 part-10 or AVC, is the latest digital video codec standard which has proven to be superior than earlier standards in terms of compression ratio, quality, …

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Non-Linear Finite Element Dynamic Analysis Of The Effect Of Compaction On Underground Conduits, Anupong Kararam Jan 2009

Non-Linear Finite Element Dynamic Analysis Of The Effect Of Compaction On Underground Conduits, Anupong Kararam

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Construction loads are an important but often overlooked factor in underground pipe design and installation. Common compaction equipments used in pipeline construction can be a major contributor to pipe damage. To reduce load concentrations in excess of the design loads, construction equipment should be kept at a safe distance above the pipe location.This study investigates the behavior of a reinforced concrete pipeline system under a compaction process. The full-scale experimental test was conducted using a Type-2 standard trench installations soil and minimum compaction requirement. Using a compaction machine "hoe pack" and including the weight of a backhoe, a maximum dynamic …

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On-Chip Liquid-Liquid Extraction And Separation Using Digital Microfluidics, Praveen Kunchala Jan 2009

On-Chip Liquid-Liquid Extraction And Separation Using Digital Microfluidics, Praveen Kunchala

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

In this thesis, on-chip liquid-liquid microextraction and separation using electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics was demonstrated by considering room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and DI water as two liquid phases, which form immiscible interface with each other. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been actively investigated as replacements for the organic solvents and various "task-specific" ionic liquids (TSIL) are being developed which exhibit many attractive properties such as selectivity to specific biomolecules. Liquid-liquid extraction and separation using EWOD digital microfluidic device with model extraction experiments have been demonstrated, one was extraction of organic dye from RTIL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [bmim][NTf2]) …

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Nanoscale Approaches For Biomolecule Separation And Detection, Swati Goyal Jan 2009

Nanoscale Approaches For Biomolecule Separation And Detection, Swati Goyal

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Nanotechnology has the potential to contact and impact the biological interactions at the most basic chemical and physical levels. New approaches to nanodevices allow high sensitivity and specificity with low sample requirement. Such devices are potential candidates for early disease detection at molecular levels and have important implications in associated therapeutics.This research work focuses on two different areas: developing devices for DNA detection, protein enrichment and exploring material properties to fabricate microscale/nanoscale structures. In one approach, hairpin probe DNA was used to detect fmol of ss-DNA from k-ras oncogene. In another approach, nanochannel based device was developed to selectively increase …

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Algorithm Developement For Adaptive Grid Generation Using Galerkin Finite Element Method, Monalkumar Patel Jan 2009

Algorithm Developement For Adaptive Grid Generation Using Galerkin Finite Element Method, Monalkumar Patel

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The adaptive grid concept is developed in order to achieve more accurate and stable results for the numerical simulations of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). There are two main types of strategies used for adaptive grids: local refinement by increasing the number of elements (h-refinement) and deforming grids where the number of elements remains fixed (r-refinement). The h-refinement method requires inserting additional elements and nodes in a certain region of the mesh. This significantly affects the software data structure and makes programming more difficult. To maintain the same data structure, the method must delete the same number of nodes from another …

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Finite Element Analysis Of Bio-Heat Transfer For Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Application, Kamalkumar N. Chauhan Jan 2009

Finite Element Analysis Of Bio-Heat Transfer For Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Application, Kamalkumar N. Chauhan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Finite Element solution for the multi-region bio-heat Equation is present to model magnetic fluid hyperthermia. This study solves the Penne's two dimensional bio-heat equation using finite element method and develops the thermal behavior of the tumor and healthyportion of the composite tissue using low curie nanoparticles.The inner cylinder represents the tumor tissue containing low Curie temperature nanoparticles. Low Curie temperature nanoparticles generate heat due to the Neel and Brownian relaxation when a magnetic field is applied. The outer cylinder represents the healthy tissue.First part of this thesis discusses about the background related to the nanoparticles heat dissipation and finite element …

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Modeling An Instrumented (Tractor-Semitrailer Combination) Vehicle: Using System Identification Methods, Bito Irie Jan 2009

Modeling An Instrumented (Tractor-Semitrailer Combination) Vehicle: Using System Identification Methods, Bito Irie

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

In this thesis, properties of the input-output relationships of a tractor-semitrailer combination vehicle were analyzed. Predictive models of the system were identified using only input-output data collected separately but for the same portion of the road. A vehicle equipped with an inertial profiling system and a strain gauge instrumented truck were used to collect the input and output data, respectively. Input-output combinations such as single-input-single-output (SISO), multiple-input-single-output (MISO), and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) representing the vehicle models were investigated using the polynomial and state-space black-box modeling (i.e., system identification) techniques. Comparisons among measured and k-steps ahead predicted outputs and residual analysis were …

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Electrical Detection Of Single-Based Dna Mutation Using Functionalized Nanoparticles, Mohammud R. Noor Jan 2009

Electrical Detection Of Single-Based Dna Mutation Using Functionalized Nanoparticles, Mohammud R. Noor

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

DNA molecules posses unique structure and molecular recognition properties that makes them excellent candidate for bio-chemical sensors. Understanding the mechanism of charge transport in DNA is essential to develop DNA based molecular electronic devices. In the experiment reported in this thesis, we analyzed an electrical method to detect specific DNA. Hairpin probe DNA was engineered to melt and hybridize with certain perfect complementary sequences and immobilized on a silicon chip between gold nanoelectrodes. Hybridization of target DNA to the hairpin melts or open up the stem nucleotides, which provides DNA hybridization sites. Gold nanoparticle-conjugated universal reporter sequence detects the open …

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Signal Processing In Radar And Non-Radar Sensor Networks, Jing Liang Jan 2009

Signal Processing In Radar And Non-Radar Sensor Networks, Jing Liang

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation studies six topics within the area of radar andnon-radar sensor networks from a signal processing perspective:radar sensor networks (RSN) waveform design and performance analysis(chapter 2), blind speed alleviation using RSN (chapter 3), targetdetection in foliage using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) RSN (chapter 4),sense-through-foliage\&wall channel modeling (chapter 5), channelselection algorithms in virtual multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO) sensor networks (chapter 6) and RF emitter passivegeolocation using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and sensors(chapter 7).In RSN, distributed radar sensors work in an ad hoc fashion but aregrouped together by an intelligent clusterhead that combineswaveform diversity. RSN not only provide spatial resilience fortarget detection and tracking compared to …

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Independent Source Extraction Applied To Radar Imaging, Jeffrey Brandon Hall Jan 2009

Independent Source Extraction Applied To Radar Imaging, Jeffrey Brandon Hall

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Multiple scattering and random interactions among scattering elements and between the scatterers and the background adversely affect the radar image quality and target detection capability. In radar images formed using physical optics (PO) based techniques, multiple scattering and interactions appear as non-physical scattering centers. A method to enhance the performance of PO based radar imaging systems by extracting independent scattering centers is investigated in this thesis. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is applied to returns of a radar system to extract independent scattering elements based on their non-Gaussianity. As an example, this method of target extraction is implemented in inverse synthetic …

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Modeling And Simulation Of The Flight Dynamics Of Morphing Wing Aircraft, Borna Obradovic Jan 2009

Modeling And Simulation Of The Flight Dynamics Of Morphing Wing Aircraft, Borna Obradovic

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Aircraft with variable wing geometry (morphable wings) are of considerable interest, not only for mission-specific optimization, but for enhanced maneuverability as well. In the nascent field of mini- or micro-Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), large and rapid changes in wing geometry are achievable, resulting in significant changes of the dynamics of the vehicle. In this thesis, we present a simulation methodology suitable for such aircraft, accounting for the changes in both the aerodynamic and inertial properties. Due to the complexity of the possible wing configurations, the aerodynamics are simulated using an unsteady Vortex-Lattice approach, solved concurrently with six(+) degrees of freedom …

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Direct Numerical Simulation Of Interaction Of Detonation Wave With Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence, Hari Narayanan Nagarajan Jan 2009

Direct Numerical Simulation Of Interaction Of Detonation Wave With Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence, Hari Narayanan Nagarajan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The propagation of a shock or detonation wave through a reactive mixture has been the subject of research for over a century. The basic understanding has been shaped by one-dimensional Euler models, namely, those of Chapman-Jouguet and Zeldovich-Neumann-Doring, despite the fact that the detonation front is multidimensional. Other complications include observations of detonation instability, and spinning and galloping detonations. Recent advances in CFD have made it possible to examine detonation waves in great detail. These studies have revealed the complex nature of detonations that were observed experimentally. Some outstanding issues include the influence of inhomogeneities in the reactive mixture on …

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Thermo-Mechanical Interaction Within Engineered Tissue During Freezing, Tenok Dehoyos Jan 2009

Thermo-Mechanical Interaction Within Engineered Tissue During Freezing, Tenok Dehoyos

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Cryopreservation is the preserving of biological tissues at sub zero temperature. There are many useful applications to cryopreservation such as storing donated organs till they are needed rather than letting them go to waste. When tissues are frozen and thawed, their original functionality and vitality are not usually maintained. It's been shown that when tissue is frozen its mechanical properties change, such as tensile strength and modulus. Each tissue has an extra cellular matrix made up of many collagen fibrils that is responsible for the structural integrity of the tissue. This study is to investigate the structural changes of ECM …

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Applications Of Gis For Mapping And Tracking Underground Infrastructure, Anurag Babu Bhogenahally Lakshminarayanappa Jan 2009

Applications Of Gis For Mapping And Tracking Underground Infrastructure, Anurag Babu Bhogenahally Lakshminarayanappa

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The main objective of this research is to apply Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for construction and renewal of underground infrastructures. As a first step, a suitability analysis to determine location of existing underground infrastructure is performed. Next, a GIS template is developed using a digital elevation model (DEM) to get a three dimensional visualization of the underground infrastructure. Creating a Google Map using ArcGIS is one of the key features of this research, which provides an exact location of the existing site and distances from the nearby reference points. Once the GIS data is exported to Google Map and Google …

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Long Term Durability Studies On Chemically Treated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (Rap) Materials, Vijay Krishna Ganne Jan 2009

Long Term Durability Studies On Chemically Treated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (Rap) Materials, Vijay Krishna Ganne

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is a well known construction material which has been used in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to reduce material costs and stabilizing the pavements for several years. It has been reported that out of 45 million tons of RAP produced every year in US, only 33% is being used in HMA. It is clear that a large amount of RAP produced is disposed off as a waste material in landfills. Hence, in order to utilize the maximum percentage of RAP and reduce the disposal rate, stabilized RAP can be effectively used as a base layer instead of …

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Managed Lanes Weaving And Access Guideliness, Chulsu Yang Jan 2009

Managed Lanes Weaving And Access Guideliness, Chulsu Yang

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

To maximize the potential for successful managed lanes (MLs) operations, there are critical design issues that require special attention. Adequate ML access spacing and length of the ML access opening are required for the preservation of freeway capacity, level of service, and safety. The traffic weaving from an entrance ramp to the general purpose lanes across to a ML access point and vice versa are effectively modeled as a two-sided Type C weave. The 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology was calibrated for the major weave without lane balance or merging (standard Type C weave) but not for the two-sided …

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Comparative Damage Of Different Truck Configurations On Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement, Tito P. Nyamuhokya Jan 2009

Comparative Damage Of Different Truck Configurations On Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement, Tito P. Nyamuhokya

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This study estimated the damage done by trucks with 35 different configurations on a typical structure of a Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement. The configurations were proposed by New York Department of Transportation, the sponsor of this study. The generalized three dimensional finite element program Abaqus was used to calculate the response of linear elastic rigid pavement structure under truck loading. The loads for each truck case were placed at critical locations on the surface of the pavement to obtain the maximum tensile stresses at the bottom of concrete slab. The computed tensile stresses were used in Darter fatigue model (1977) …

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Morphology And Cathode Optimization For Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells, Yi Yang Jan 2009

Morphology And Cathode Optimization For Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells, Yi Yang

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Efficiency of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cell is highly dependent on the active layer morphology and can be controlled by specific experimental conditions. In this work, the influences of P3HT:PCBM blend composition, solution concentration, and the thermal annealing on the cell performance are presented. The maximum of Jsc and FF are reached when the weight percentage of PCBM in the blend is 60 % under which both high density of donor and accepter interfaces expecting the formation of efficient percolated electron transport paths. 36 mg/ml is found to be the optimum solution concentration for P3HT:PCBM blend and it can be …

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Effect Of Aging On The Transformation Of Phases In Solder Joint Of Pbga Packaging, Jeong-Min Kim Jan 2009

Effect Of Aging On The Transformation Of Phases In Solder Joint Of Pbga Packaging, Jeong-Min Kim

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

This study investigates the microstructural characteristics of 3.0Ag-0.5Cu-Sn (SAC305) solder joint as in assembled state, and their evolution with aging treatment at 100 and 150°C for various hours. Specific aim of the study is 1) to understand thermodynamic stability of as-reflowed microstructure (β-Sn dendrite, inner dendrite Cu6Sn5 intermetallic (IMC) compound, and the eutectic structure), 2) to find direction of their change with aging, and 3) to relate interfacial reaction to such evolution in microstructures. This investigation is spurred by the findings made in a separate study where fatigue resistance of solder joint and failure location shows markedly keen dependence on …

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Structural, Magnetic And Surface Properties Of Rf Magnetron Sputtered Undoped Lanthanum Mangnite Thin Films, Varad Rajan Sakhalkar Jan 2009

Structural, Magnetic And Surface Properties Of Rf Magnetron Sputtered Undoped Lanthanum Mangnite Thin Films, Varad Rajan Sakhalkar

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

In the present study, polycrystalline and epitaxial undoped Lanthanum Manganite (LMO) thin films were deposited by using RF magnetron sputtering on three substrates, Si (100), MgO (100) and LaAlO₃ (100) to study the influence of the misfit strain at the substrate/film interface. The effect of processing conditions on the synthesis of LMO films was studied by conducting deposition on Si wafer. Films were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) to investigate the influence of processing parameters on their structure and properties. Based on the initial study on …

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A Study On The Effect Of Mechanical Stretch And Aligned Scaffold Architecture On Morphology Of Rat Ventricular Cells, Shruti Kanakia Jan 2009

A Study On The Effect Of Mechanical Stretch And Aligned Scaffold Architecture On Morphology Of Rat Ventricular Cells, Shruti Kanakia

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Heart disease is one of the major causes of death in developing and industrialized countries. Myocardial infarction leads to remodeling of the left ventricle, which severely affects the pumping efficiency of the heart. In order to provide mechanical support to left ventricle the scaffold material should be elastic and mechanically strong. For the success of cardiac graft in vivo one of the important factor is ability of cardiac myocyte morphology to resemble that in vivo. The goal of this study is to build thick, prevascularized cardiac graft for myocardial infarction repair. Mechanical stress has been recognized as one of the …

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An Evaluation Of The Biomechanical Properties Of The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System, Matthew David Ruff Jan 2009

An Evaluation Of The Biomechanical Properties Of The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System, Matthew David Ruff

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS) is a well defined tissue layer of the face commonly utilized in facial surgery, including facelifts. There are several reasons for the utilization of this tissue, including aesthetic results and reliability. Basic to the outcomes for these procedures are the inherent biomechanical properties of the SMAS. Most important for the surgeon in this regard are tissue burst pressure, elasticity, stress-relaxation under load, and creep. This study experimentally determines the biomechanical properties for human cadaveric tissue specimens. As well as defining the cited biomechanical properties, the study examines how they change, as sampled from different regions …

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Signal Processing Techniques For Artifact Removal In Electroencephalogram (Eeg), Jyoti Bhat Jan 2009

Signal Processing Techniques For Artifact Removal In Electroencephalogram (Eeg), Jyoti Bhat

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The electroencephalographic recordings measure the electric impulses generated in the brain, in response to a given stimulus. The spontaneous EEG data is used for diagnosis and treatment of some brain diseases. For the data to be used for clinical applications, it needs to be free of the various artifacts like the eye blinks, movement, head movements and muscle activity. These artifacts need to be corrected or the affected parts need to be removed in the preprocessing of the EEG dataset. This pre-processing is normally done manually, which tends to be not only time-consuming but also subjective. With large number of …

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Diffuse Optical Imaging Of Brain Function Under Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation And In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Sameer C. Dhamne Jan 2009

Diffuse Optical Imaging Of Brain Function Under Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation And In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Sameer C. Dhamne

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique which measures the changes in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations at a high temporal resolution based on the principle of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.DOI was combined with repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to assess the neuronal changes induced in the cortical regions, which are directly under rTMS and the connected areas, by applying 1Hz rTMS to the left hemisphere of the motor cortex followed by the stimulation to the prefrontal cortex for two visits. The DOI signals were simultaneously acquired from both ipsilateral and contralateral brain regions before, during, and after rTMS. We observed …

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Electrical Apparoaches For Selective Detection Of Cancer Biomarker Proteins With Aptamers, Priyanka Pachampettai Ramachandran Jan 2009

Electrical Apparoaches For Selective Detection Of Cancer Biomarker Proteins With Aptamers, Priyanka Pachampettai Ramachandran

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Cancer is a disease that is the central focus of many a researcher's attention. As it is a disease that can spread very rapidly and can be fatal in many cases, its early detection and early treatment can dramatically change mortality. Towards the early detection of the disease, antibodies are most commonly used for the detection of cancer biomarkers. The use of antibodies in diagnostics has proven fruitful in the past. But advancements in molecular biology have introduced aptamers for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptides that are usually synthesized by a selective process called SELEX. Aptamers …

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Biaxial Investigation Of Periosteal Mechanics, Olumide O. Aruwajoye Jan 2009

Biaxial Investigation Of Periosteal Mechanics, Olumide O. Aruwajoye

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Limb lengthening procedures are used commonly to correct limb length discrepancies. Current methods in limb lengthening require a distraction of 1 mm per day using an external fixation device. Although the underlying mechanisms of new bone growth have been studied and discussed extensively, they remain not fully understood. It is thought, however, that mechanoreceptor cells of the periosteum play an important role. In an attempt to understand the contribution of periosteum, the biaxial mechanical properties of the periosteum are studied. Freshly excised porcine periosteum was used to investigate the effects of preload on the material symmetry, and the effects of …

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Analysis Of Oxygen Uptake During Blood Flow Through A Rectangular Microchannel: A Two Phase Eulerian Model With Oxygen-Hemoglobin Reaction, Jamie Wright Jan 2009

Analysis Of Oxygen Uptake During Blood Flow Through A Rectangular Microchannel: A Two Phase Eulerian Model With Oxygen-Hemoglobin Reaction, Jamie Wright

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The evolution of oxygenator design has culminated in the current strategy of utilizing micro-porous membranes to separate blood and oxygen phases while utilizing extra-luminal blood flow orientations to promote passive and active secondary mixing of the blood to inhibit the build up of concentration boundary layers near oxygen transfer surfaces that impede efficiency. Advances in fabrication techniques could allow for the manufacturing of oxygenators employing microchannels to decrease the diffusion path between oxygen and the red blood cells, more closely mimicking the strategy employed by the body. Because blood is actually a complex suspension, it is difficult to model. Furthermore, …

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Novel Nonparametric Control Charts For Monitoring Multivariate Processes, Panitarn Chongfuangprinya Jan 2009

Novel Nonparametric Control Charts For Monitoring Multivariate Processes, Panitarn Chongfuangprinya

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The objective of this dissertation is to develop novel nonparametric control charts to effectively monitor and diagnose multivariate processes with a minimal set of modeling assumptions. Statistical process control (SPC) is a set of procedures that uses statistical techniques to measure, analyze, and reduce process variation. A control chart, which is a special type of graph showing the results of periodic inspections over time, is the primary and most successful SPC tool in real-world applications. This dissertation proposes two nonparametric multivariate control charts based on (1) a support vector machines (SVM) algorithm and (2) a linkage ranking algorithm. The first …

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Unsupervised Data Mining Methods For Functional Data Analysis And Feature Selection, Panaya Rattakorn Jan 2009

Unsupervised Data Mining Methods For Functional Data Analysis And Feature Selection, Panaya Rattakorn

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The objective of this dissertation is to develop new unsupervised data mining methods for functional data analysis and feature selection. Unsupervised learning is a modeling process that facilitates the extraction of implicit patterns and elicits the natural groupings within the dataset without using any information from the output (response) variable. This dissertation consists of two main parts: (1) unsupervised clustering approaches for functional data analysis and (2) unsupervised feature selection. Functional data analysis has gained significant attention from a variety of disciplines. In this dissertation we propose an effective clustering procedure to categorize a number of profiles that are formed …

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