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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 3180

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Investigation Of Reuse Of Coal Fly Ash To Mitigate Landfill Methane Gas, Amin Homaei May 2017

Investigation Of Reuse Of Coal Fly Ash To Mitigate Landfill Methane Gas, Amin Homaei

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG), contributing 32% of current climate forcing (US EPA, 2015). In 2014 the White House released the “Strategy to Cut Methane Emissions” as part of the Climate Action Plan. Landfills are one of the strategy’s 4 key sectors, contributing 18% of US methane emissions (US EPA, 2013). Even when landfills capture methane and burn it to produce electricity, around 25% of methane still leaks through landfill covers (US EPA, 2005). In natural environments, iron oxides, manganese oxides, nitrates, and sulfates have been shown to stimulate microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) (Sivan et …

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Numerical And Analytical Study Of Curvature Effects In Laminar Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interactions, James Ray Grisham May 2017

Numerical And Analytical Study Of Curvature Effects In Laminar Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interactions, James Ray Grisham

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Shock wave/boundary-layer interactions (SBLIs) are one of the most complex flow phenomena because of the different types of physics involved (i.e., viscous versus inviscid) and their side effects such as boundary layer separation and extreme localized heating. Control surfaces based on compliant mechanisms are becoming a reality and introduce an additional variable into the already complex SBLI, namely surface curvature. The purpose of the present work is to systematically study the effects of surface curvature on laminar, ramp-induced SBLIs. This is accomplished using numerical and theoretical approaches in the form of numerical solutions to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and triple-deck …

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Structural Competency And Environmental Soundness Of The Recycled Base Materials In North Texas, Mohammad Faysal May 2017

Structural Competency And Environmental Soundness Of The Recycled Base Materials In North Texas, Mohammad Faysal

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Aggregates, which are derived from natural resources, are the most important raw materials used in pavement construction; however, depletion of the natural resources, increasing labor costs, and environmental concerns have led us to look for alternatives. Recycled materials, such as recycled crushed concrete aggregate (RCCA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), can be used as an alternative to natural aggregates and can be obtained from construction of newer structures and demolition of existing structures, such as buildings, bridges, pavement, etc. Recycled materials can reduce the cost, depletion of natural resources, and construction debris. The properties of recycled materials are source-dependent, which …

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Simulation And Design Of Microbolometers For 5-14 Μm Wavelength At Oblique Incidence, Arkadeep Mitra May 2017

Simulation And Design Of Microbolometers For 5-14 Μm Wavelength At Oblique Incidence, Arkadeep Mitra

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

A mathematical model was developed to calculate the total power absorbed and total power reflected for a microbolometer for oblique incidence of light viz. s and p polarization by varying the angle of incidence from 1 to 89 degrees. The mathematical model was simulated using matlab in five different sensor structures. A comparative study based on simulation involving the different sensor structures was done. The maximum partial absorbed power for s polarization was 0.9559-0.0000i, 0.9112-0.0000i, 0.9617-0.0000i, 0.3057-0.0000i, 0.9627-0.000i for sensor structure I, 1, 2, 3, 4 at angle of incidence of 73 degree, 1 degree, 66-67 degree, 1-3 degree, 60 …

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A Study Of Consensus And Collision Avoidance In A Platoon Of Vehicles Using Adaptive Cruise Control, Audrey Devin Porter May 2017

A Study Of Consensus And Collision Avoidance In A Platoon Of Vehicles Using Adaptive Cruise Control, Audrey Devin Porter

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Vehicle platooning has been the subject of much research. Transfer function analysis of intervehicle distance errors is traditionally utilized to analyze the string stability of platoons. Consensus theory has been the subject of recent study of close-loop stability of platoons. This thesis extends the cooperative control approach to platoon behavior analysis to include the leader as an internal source of information for the communication graph of a platoon. A 1-Leader Type (1LT) graph is defined and an equation is proposed for the formation consensus values of leader and follower nodes in a platoon. Simulations are performed to support the proposed …

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T-Cell Membrane Camouflaged Nanoparticles For Treatment Of Melanoma, Gizem Oter May 2017

T-Cell Membrane Camouflaged Nanoparticles For Treatment Of Melanoma, Gizem Oter

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers. The American Cancer Society reports that every hour, one person dies from melanoma. While there are a number of treatments currently available for melanoma (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy), these therapies face several problems, including inadequate response rates, high toxicity, and severe side effects due to non-specific delivery of anti-cancer drugs. To improve therapeutic efficiency and reduce these limitations, a multifunctional nanoparticle has been developed. Specifically, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were coated with a cellular membrane derived from the T cell hybridoma, 19LF6 endowed with a melanoma-specific anti-gp100/ …

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Development Of An Advanced Geometry Toolkit Framework For Fitting Complex Topology-Optimized Mesh Structures, Harshit Girishkumar Jani May 2017

Development Of An Advanced Geometry Toolkit Framework For Fitting Complex Topology-Optimized Mesh Structures, Harshit Girishkumar Jani

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Additive Manufacturing is playing a significant role in developing complex geometries which are not possible by conventional Manufacturing Processes. Topology optimization is playing key a role in deciding conceptual design for additive manufacturing. The output of topology optimization is rough and noisy surfaces. Fitting these surfaces poses challenging task to a designer as it is a tedious and a time-consuming process. The main aim of this research is to automate the process of smoothing noisy meshes. In this research work, I have developed algorithms in MATLAB to create NURBS (Non-Uniform B-Spline) surface patches from given a set of control points. …

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A Parametric Study On Thermal Mixing Of Ambient Air And Return Air Streams In A Mixing Chamber Of A Data Center Cooling, Pavan Vijaykumar Kaulgud May 2017

A Parametric Study On Thermal Mixing Of Ambient Air And Return Air Streams In A Mixing Chamber Of A Data Center Cooling, Pavan Vijaykumar Kaulgud

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Thermal Mixing of ambient air and return air streams in a mixing chamber for data center cooling Keywords: Data center cooling, Air side economization, Mixing chamber geometry Pavan Kaulgud, Dr. Dereje Agonafer Air side economization is an arrangement of duct, damper and automatic control system which together allow to introduce outside air to reduce or eliminate the mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather. In this process ambient air is drawn inside from environment, passed through filter to get rid of contaminants and then is introduced to the cold aisle of data center. According to ASHRAE, use of air side …

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Finite Element Analysis Of Composite Aircraft Fuselage Frame, Aditya Milind Dandekar May 2017

Finite Element Analysis Of Composite Aircraft Fuselage Frame, Aditya Milind Dandekar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Composites have been introduced in aircraft industries, for their stronger, stiffer, and lighter properties than their metal-alloys counterparts. The general purpose of an aircraft is to transport commercial or military payload. Aircraft frames primarily maintains the shape of fuselage and prevent instability of the structure. Fuselage is similar as wing in construction which consist of longitudinal elements (longerons and stringers), transverse elements (frames and bulkheads) and its external skin. The fuselage is subjected to forces such as the wing reactions, landing gear reaction, empennage reaction, inertia forces subjected due to size and weight, internal pressure forces due to high altitude. …

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Steady State And Transient Analytical Modelling Of Non-Uniform Convective Cooling Of A Microprocessor Chip Due To Jet Impingement, Swapnil D. Luhar May 2017

Steady State And Transient Analytical Modelling Of Non-Uniform Convective Cooling Of A Microprocessor Chip Due To Jet Impingement, Swapnil D. Luhar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Heat removal from microprocessor chips with multiple regions of dynamic heat generation remains a critical technological challenge. Excessive temperature rise is undesirable for performance as well as reliability. Jet impingement cooling has been widely investigated as a potential thermal management technique due to the capability of localized cooling and of dynamically following the heat generation distribution. A jet offers large local convective heat transfer coefficient, for which theoretical models and correlations have been proposed for a variety of scenarios. However, not much work exists on using this information to determine the resulting temperature distribution. This work addresses this need by …

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Manufacturing And Characterization Of A 3d-Printable, Antibacterial, Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Reinforced Abs Filament, Saket Thapliyal May 2017

Manufacturing And Characterization Of A 3d-Printable, Antibacterial, Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Reinforced Abs Filament, Saket Thapliyal

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This research work consists of two phases. In phase one it is intended to manufacture an antibacterial 3D printable filament by extruding a solid state mixture of (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) pellets. A single screw extruder was used to extrude ABS pellets containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 wt. % MgO NP. This phase deals with manufacturing and testing the filament for mechanical properties, antibacterial properties and 3D printability. On one hand tensile strength, ductility and 3D-printabiliy were observed to decrease with increasing concentrations of MgO NP in ABS matrix, on the other hand the …

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Numerical Analysis Of A Flapping Elliptic Flat Plate In Hover: A Study Of Leading Edge Vortex Dynamics, C. Vivek Nair May 2017

Numerical Analysis Of A Flapping Elliptic Flat Plate In Hover: A Study Of Leading Edge Vortex Dynamics, C. Vivek Nair

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Flapping flight is an area of research that is gaining a lot of prominence in engineering, especially with the increase in interest in applying the flapping mechanism of natural fliers to small scale MAVs. The ongoing contributions to this field include studies finding optimal wing shape, flap frequency, and flap trajectories. Flapping flight is an unsteady aerodynamic mechanism, and consists of 3 interactive forces: delayed stall, rotational circulation, and wake capture. The dominant lift generating mechanism is the leading edge vortex (LEV). Natural fliers optimize their flap to gain maximize LEV stability. For our research we simulate 2 cases of …

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Experimental And Computational Study Of The Acclimation Of New It Equipment, Neil Johnson Vazhappilly May 2017

Experimental And Computational Study Of The Acclimation Of New It Equipment, Neil Johnson Vazhappilly

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Acclimation of newly commissioned IT equipment is an important step that is necessary for safe operations. Proper acclimation is required to prevent an unnecessary condensation from forming and causing premature failure in the equipment. Acclimation is particularly important in cold weather shipping where the component or server reaches the destination well below the destination data center’s dew point, resulting in moisture and condensate. Operating the equipment before it acclimates might cause damage, while waiting too long for the equipment to acclimate might cost companies expensive computational time. This study tries to address the issue by studying the various factors that …

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Productivity Improvement And Cost Optimization Of Small And Medium Scale Enterprises, Unmesh Vishwas Tamhankar May 2017

Productivity Improvement And Cost Optimization Of Small And Medium Scale Enterprises, Unmesh Vishwas Tamhankar

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Theses - Archive

Productivity improvement and cost optimization have been a topic of discussion for at least a century. The publication of Fredrick Taylor’s book ‘The Principles of Scientific Management’ in 1911 can be considered as the beginning of the Efficiency movement. Surprisingly, the awareness about the principles of Industrial Engineering is relatively low in many family-owned Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). According to a World Bank report, formal SMEs make up 45% of total employment and contribute 33% of GDP in emerging markets. In the USA, SMEs make up for more than 95% of all firms and employ 50% of private …

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Influence Of Relative Density And Microstructural Anisotropy On The Global Elastic Properties Of Cellular Structures, Justin Compton May 2017

Influence Of Relative Density And Microstructural Anisotropy On The Global Elastic Properties Of Cellular Structures, Justin Compton

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The favorable strength-to-weight ratio of cellular solids makes them ideal for structural applications. With the advent of additive manufacturing, the fabrication of complex cellular structures is becoming a reality. It is therefore necessary to understand the mechanical properties of cellular structures. The global mechanical properties of cellular structures are governed by geometry and therefore, differ from the mechanical properties of the base material from which they are constructed. In this study, finite element models are developed to explore the effective elastic properties of honeycomb structures for isotropic and anisotropic microstructural material properties. Finite element models are generated for regular, hexagonal …

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Risk Assessment And Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Industry Due To Recalls, Sowmya Dinamani Rao May 2017

Risk Assessment And Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Industry Due To Recalls, Sowmya Dinamani Rao

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

In the past five years, there have been 5900 recalls of drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which created distraught consumers and shareholders of pharmaceutical companies. In addition, recalls cause disruption in the supply chain mak-ing the pharmaceutical companies vulnerable to various types of risks. These risks include the potential for losing customers and investors as well as the huge financial losses from fines, penalties, lawsuits, revenue loss, market share and increased operations costs. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study the consequences of product recall on Pharmaceutical Company. Methodology: Event study methodology was used …

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Structural And Electrical Characterization Of Single Crystalline Srzrxti₁-Xo₃ Thin Films On Germanium, Reza Matthew Moghadam May 2017

Structural And Electrical Characterization Of Single Crystalline Srzrxti₁-Xo₃ Thin Films On Germanium, Reza Matthew Moghadam

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The epitaxial growth of crystalline oxides on semiconductors provides a pathway to introduce new functionalities to semiconductor devices. Key to coupling crystalline oxides to semiconductors electrically, to realize functional behavior, is controlling the manner in which their bands align at the interfaces. This document reports on the three research projects on Crystalline Oxide/Semiconductor heterostructures. In the first project we applied principles of band-gap engineering traditionally used at heterojunctions between conventional semiconductors to control the band offset between a single crystalline oxide and a semiconductor. Reactive molecular beam epitaxy is used to realize atomically abrupt and structurally coherent interfaces between SrZrxTi1-xO3 …

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Channel Coding Techniques For 5g Using Polar Codes, Supreet Huilgol May 2017

Channel Coding Techniques For 5g Using Polar Codes, Supreet Huilgol

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Coding and modulation in the crown known as the communications technology, embodies a national basic theory of the overall strength of communication science. Channel coding is a way of encoding data in a communication channel that adds patterns of redundancy into the transmission path in order to lower the error rate. Such methods are widely used in wireless communications. 5G is the coming fifth-generation wireless broadband technology based on the IEEE 802.11ac standard. 5G will provide better speeds and coverage than the current 4G. It operates with a 5 Ghz signal and is set to offer speeds of up to …

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Homogeneous Transcoding Of Hevc (H.265), Ninad Gorey May 2017

Homogeneous Transcoding Of Hevc (H.265), Ninad Gorey

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Video transcoding is an essential tool to promote inter-operability between different video communication systems. This thesis presents a cascaded architecture for homogeneous transcoding of High Efficiency Video Coding. Cascaded Transcoding model decodes the input video sequence and follows the procedure of reference encoder, with the difference being a higher QP value. The encoder will code the sequence with the goal of achieving highest coding performance, and since the encoder is not restricted by any means, it is reasonable to assume that the coding performance is the best possible transcoding performance. H.265 is the latest video coding standard which supports encoding …

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Development Of A New Joint System For A Circular-Shaped Infrastructure, Sugyu Lee May 2017

Development Of A New Joint System For A Circular-Shaped Infrastructure, Sugyu Lee

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation focused on development of new carbon fiber joint systems for all types of underground gravity and sewer pipe systems. Specifically, the external CFRP wrap and, particularly, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) internal coupler can be used for concrete pipes with regular or reduced wall thicknesses. The concrete pipes with reduced wall thickness are classified as semi-rigid pipe and are referred to as thin-wall (TW) concrete pipe. The performance of the CFRP coupler is presented in this report based on full-scale experimental tests and three dimensional non-linear finite element studies for regular and thin wall pipes. Finally, design …

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Long-Term Shear Investigation Of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams, Michael Daniels May 2017

Long-Term Shear Investigation Of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams, Michael Daniels

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This study investigates the long-term influence of polypropylene fibers on the shear strength and failure behavior of longitudinally reinforced concrete beams, with or without stirrups, subjected to accelerated aging conditions. For this study, 32 large scale short beams with different volume fractions of polypropylene fibers were casted and tested in the Civil Engineering Laboratory Building (CELB) at the University of Texas at Arlington: (1) Control reinforced concrete beams (RC); (2) Reinforced concrete beams with minimum stirrups (RCS) according to ACI 318; (3) Synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete beams with Vf=0.5% (SNFRC 0.5%), which correspond to 7.67 lbs./yd3 (4.55 kg/m3)’; and (4) Synthetic …

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Frequency Tuning Of Vibration Absorber Using Topology Optimization, Swapnil Subhash Harel May 2017

Frequency Tuning Of Vibration Absorber Using Topology Optimization, Swapnil Subhash Harel

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

A tuned mass absorber is a system for reducing the amplitude in one oscillator by coupling it to a second oscillator. If tuned correctly, the maximum amplitude of the first oscillator in response to a periodic driver will be lowered, and much of the vibration will be ’transferred’ to the second oscillator. The tuned vibration absorber (TVA) has been utilized for vibration control purposes in many sectors of Civil/Automotive/Aerospace Engineering for many decades since its inception. Time and again we come across a situation in which a vibratory system is required to run near resonance. In the past, approaches have …

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Sparse Sampling And Array In Signal Processing, Na Wu May 2017

Sparse Sampling And Array In Signal Processing, Na Wu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Sparse sampling and sparse arrays have attracted lots of interests in recent years. In this dissertation, we firstly apply nested sampling and co-prime sampling to ultra-wide band radar, which require us to extend the algorithms from stationary signals to non-stationary signals. After that, the synthetic aperture radar data is compressed through singular-value QR-decomposition algorithm. The dissertation also proposes an approach to turn low resolution images into high resolution (HR) images. We extend co-prime sampling structure to interpolation in order to improve the resolution of reconstructed images through compressive sensing (CS). Compared to the direct CS method and conventional interpolation method, …

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Numerical Investigation Of Vortex Generator Flow Control For External-Compression Supersonic Inlets, Ezgihan Baydar May 2017

Numerical Investigation Of Vortex Generator Flow Control For External-Compression Supersonic Inlets, Ezgihan Baydar

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Vortex generators (VGs) within external-compression supersonic inlets for Mach 1.6 were investigated to determine their ability to increase total pressure recovery and reduce total pressure distortion. Ramp and vane-type VGs were studied. The geometric factors of interest included height, length, spacing, angle-of-incidence, and positions upstream and downstream of the inlet terminal shock. The flow through the inlet was simulated numerically through the solution of the steady-state, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations on multi-block, structured grids using the Wind-US flow solver. The inlet performance was characterized by the inlet total pressure recovery and the radial and circumferential total pressure distortion indices at the …

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Toward High-Resolution Flood Forecasting For Large Urban Areas - New Solutions For 1d Routing, Behzad Nazari May 2017

Toward High-Resolution Flood Forecasting For Large Urban Areas - New Solutions For 1d Routing, Behzad Nazari

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The ability to forecast flow, depth, and velocity in flooding events is one of the most important needs in highly populated urban areas. Urbanization and climate change highlight the necessity to understand and accurately predict water-related hazards in urban areas due to extreme precipitation. Towards that end, this study initially assesses the impact of changes in precipitation magnitude and imperviousness on urban inundation in a flooding prone urban catchment in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Consequently, this study focuses on identifying potential alternatives to the conventional inundation models to improve operational viability of real-time flood forecasting in urban areas by downscaling …

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Unravelling The Mysteries Of Cognitive Decline In Cancer Survivors Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Dhivya Srinivasan May 2017

Unravelling The Mysteries Of Cognitive Decline In Cancer Survivors Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Dhivya Srinivasan

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

In recent years, there has been an increased incidence of cognitive impairment in cancer survivors as a side-effect of chemotherapy. This troubling deterioration in cognitive ability is commonly termed as 'Chemo brain' in which patients have problems with working memory, executive function, decision-making, concentration, visuospatial skills and attention which can pose problems to get on with day-to-day life. Breast Cancer is primarily adopted as the model for studying effects of 'chemobrain'. A better understanding of neural correlates & hemodynamic changes related to cognitive deficits would help clinicians to design targeted treatments and cognitive rehabilitation interventions. Aim: The primary goal of …

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Design And Development Of Real-Time Single And Dual-Wavelength Dcs Systems To Study Skeletal Muscle Blood Perfusion And Oxygen Metabolism, Chandan Ganesh Bangalore Yogananda May 2017

Design And Development Of Real-Time Single And Dual-Wavelength Dcs Systems To Study Skeletal Muscle Blood Perfusion And Oxygen Metabolism, Chandan Ganesh Bangalore Yogananda

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The aim of this study was to utilize Diffused Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) to design and develop real-time single and dual wavelength systems and assess the physiological impacts of exercises on blood perfusion. The study consisted of 4 parts. Part 1 was to Re-design and develop a real-time single wavelength DCS system, part 2 was to validate this system by a cross validation method with the help of a concurrent study alongside Doppler ultrasound. Part 3 was to design & develop a real-time dual wavelength DCS system and part 4 was to validate the dual wavelength DCS system. DCS is a …

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Light Reflectance Spectroscopy For The Detection Of Positive Surgical Margin Of Prostate Cancer, Henry Thek Chan May 2017

Light Reflectance Spectroscopy For The Detection Of Positive Surgical Margin Of Prostate Cancer, Henry Thek Chan

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

During a radical prostatectomy in the operating room, there exists a certain degree of risks of a surgical positive margin of prostate cancer. Positive surgical margins are defined as cancer that has spread beyond the margin of the prostate and into the surrounding tissues. Surgeons will be able to utilized the concept of Light Reflectance Spectroscopy (LRS) in real-time during surgery to help detect these positive surgical margins and to provide the surgeon a quantitative decision to remove the excess surrounding tissues. This modality would essentially lower the risks of positive surgical margins and prevent the recurrence of cancer, effectively …

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Predicting A Quarterback's Fantasy Football Point Output For Daily Fantasy Sports Using Statistical Models, Nicholas Aaron King May 2017

Predicting A Quarterback's Fantasy Football Point Output For Daily Fantasy Sports Using Statistical Models, Nicholas Aaron King

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Theses - Archive

In the new age of daily fantasy sports (DFS), fantasy football has become an enormous revenue generator for DFS sites, such as DraftKings and FanDuel. Both companies are valued over \$1 billion. However, previous analysis done by popular DFS site Rotogrinders has shown that only the top players are consistently winning, the top 10 players much more frequently than the remaining 20,000 players. Using complex statistical models they're able to identify top athletes and value picks (based on an athlete's draft `salary') that the average player might not be aware of. There is a need to evaluate which methods and …

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A Comprehensive Resilience Framework For The Seismic Evaluation Of Hydraulic Fill Dams In North Texas, Santiago R. Caballero May 2017

A Comprehensive Resilience Framework For The Seismic Evaluation Of Hydraulic Fill Dams In North Texas, Santiago R. Caballero

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Hydraulic filling is a construction procedure that was used for earthen structures during the mid-1800s to the early 1900s; however, dams and levees that were constructed by implementing this technique had a significant potential for geotechnical hazards. Historically, most of the failures of these structures were a result of the soil cyclic liquefaction phenomenon. This phenomenon occurs when excess pore water pressure develops during cyclic loading and causes loss of effective strength in the soil. The cyclic stress approach is one of the methods widely used to assess cyclic liquefaction; however, seismic parameters (loading conditions) and soil characterization (liquefaction resistance) …

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