Engineering Commons^™

Corrosion And Dissolution Protection Of A Conductive Silver/Polymer Composite, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

A conductive composite is described containing silver particles and a polymer which covers each silver particle and wherein a heterocyclic organic compound containing nitrogen such as benzotriazole (BTA) is present to reduce Ag dissolution and ion mobility by forming a water insoluble complex with the Ag ion. The invention overcomes the problem of silver dissolution or corrosion a conductive composite as a result of normal high Ag ion mobility in the presence of moisture and an electric field

System And Process For Producing Biodiesel Fuel With Reduced Viscosity And A Cloud Point Below Thirty-Two (32) Degrees Fahrenheit, Hossein Noureddini

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

Triglycerides are reacted in a liquid phase reaction with a homogeneous basic catalyst and alcohol, such as ethanol or methanol. The reaction yields a spatially separated two phase result with an upper located non-polar phase consisting principally of transesterified triglycerides and a lower located phase consisting principally of crude glycerol and residual transesterified triglycerides. The transesterified triglycerides and/or glycerol phase is/are optionally, each separately passed through strong cationic ion exchanger(s) to remove anions, resulting in neutral product(s). The crude glycerol is then flashed to remove alcohol and is reacted with an etherifying agent, such as isobutylene or isoamylene, in the …

System And Process For Producing Biodiesel Fuel With Reduced Viscosity And A Cloud Point Below Thirty-Two (32) Degrees Fahrenheit , Hossein Noureddini

Papers in Biomaterials

Triglycerides are reacted in a liquid phase reaction with a homogeneous basic catalyst and alcohol, such as ethanol or methanol. The reaction yields a spatially separated two phase result with an upper located non-polar phase consisting principally of transesterified triglycerides and a lower located phase consisting principally of crude glycerol and residual transesterified triglycerides. The transesterified triglycerides and/or glycerol phase is/are optionally, each separately passed through strong cationic ion exchanger(s) to remove anions, resulting in neutral product(s). The crude glycerol is then flashed to remove alcohol and is reacted with an etherifying agent, such as isobutylene or isoamylene, in the …

Jan 2001, Tractor Museum

Lester F. Larsen Tractor Museum: Planning and Development Documents

New Personel Area rearrangement Missouri Valley Wrench Club

Manure Impacts On Interrill Erosion, John E. Gilley, Bahman Eghball, J. M. Blumenthal, David D. Baltensperger

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

This study was conducted to measure runoff and erosion from interrill areas as affected by the long-term application of manure and fertilizer to a Tripp sandy loam soil located near Mitchell, Nebraska. Soil that had been removed from the top 0.1 m of the soil profile was placed in a 1 m² soil pan. Rainfall was then applied to the soil pan during initial and wet simulation events. Total runoff was similar on the manure and no-manure treatments. The long-term application of manure (55 years) at a rate of 27 Mg ha^-1 (wet basis) per year did not …

Electrically Conductive Polymeric Materials And Use Thereof, Ravi F. Saraf

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Patents

The present invention relates to electrically conductive polymer blend compositions comprising a non-conducting polymeric component and an electrically conducting polymeric component and specific applications to which the blend compositions can be put.

Acuta Enews January 2001, Vol.30, No. 1

ACUTA Newsletters

In This Issue

A Few Words for 2001

Spotlight on Volunteers

DC Update

Board Report

Welcome New Members

Positions Available

Low-Latitude Auroras: The Magnetic Storm Of 14–15 May 1921, S. M. Silverman, E. W. Cliver

United States Air Force: Publications

We review solar/geophysical data relating to the great magnetic storm of 14–15 May 1921, with emphasis on observations of the low-latitude visual aurora. From the reports we have gathered for this event, the lowest geomagnetic latitude of de6nite overhead aurora (coronal form) was 40° and the lowest geomagnetic latitude from which auroras were observed on the poleward horizon in the northern hemisphere was 30°. For comparison, corresponding overhead/low-latitude values of 48°/32° and 41°/20° were reported for the great auroras on 28–29 August and 1–2 September 1859, respectively. However, for the 1921 event, there is a report of aurora from Apia, …

Cd-Rom Nutrient Analysis Database Assists Self-Monitering Behavior Of Active Duty Air Force Personnel Receiving Nutrient Counseling For Weight Loss, Jane E. Heetderks-Cox, Betty B. Alford, Carolyn M. Bednar, Cynthia J. Heiss, Lisa A. Tauai, Kimberly K. Edgren

United States Air Force: Publications

This study observed the effect of using a computerized vs. a manual method of self-monitoring among Air Force personnel receiving nutrition counseling for weight loss.

Biofeedback Via Telehealth: A New Frontier For Applied Psychophysiology, Raymond A. Folen, Larry C. James, Jay E. Earles, Frank Andrasik

United States Army: Publications

Psychophysiological diagnostic and therapeutic methods, to include biofeedback, have been found to be empirically effective in the treatment of a variety of physical disorders. In many areas of the country, however, certified biofeedback practitioners are not well distributed, limiting patient access to this treatment modality. Psychologists at Tripler Army Medical Center have pioneered efforts to develop and provide these needed services via a telehealth venue. Such capability significantly improves access to care, particularly for patient’s located at considerable distance from the provider. As the telecommunications infrastructure in rural and remote areas is often quite basic, such a system must be …

Hydrographic And Ove~Bank Surveys Of The Missouri River At The Vermillion Reach, Myron Grove Game Production Area, And North Alabama Bend Near Vermillion, South Dakota

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Survey Control Information and Site Specific Control Point Documentation and Field Notes from Electronic Data Collectors for Myron Grove Game Production Area, North Alabama Bend, and Vermillion Reach.

Child Emotional Maltreatment: A 2-Year Study Of Us Army Cases, Linda K. Jellen, James E. Mccarroll, Laurie E. Thayer

United States Army: Publications

Objective: Reports of childhood emotional maltreatment have increased greatly over the past decade. The objective of this research was to determine the types of emotional maltreatment substantiated in a community of US Army families residing temporarily in Germany. Such a description may help to improve the understanding of how a jurisdictional body defines emotional maltreatment in day-to-day practice.
Method: Data were obtained from a review of the minutes of case review committees (CRCs) for 181 cases of child emotional abuse in 1997–1998. We determined the type, number, and severity of incidents, the substantiation rate, and the situations to which children …

Benchmarking In Heatlh Care Foodservice Operations, J.J. Reagon, C.M. Bedmar, M. Worley

United States Army: Publications

A questionnaire focusing on benchmarking measures and practices was developed and pilot tested with 22 foodservice directors at healthcare facilities. A revised questionnaire was mailed nationwide to 200 members of the American Society of Healthcare Foodservice Administrators and 200 members of the American Dietetic Association Practice Group, Management in Food and Nutrition Systems. The 111 respondents (28% response rate) included mostly self-operating foodservice directors using conventional production systems at facilities with an average of 300 patient beds. Nearly all used some type of benchmarking; however, only 28 facilities were benchmarking clinical productivity. Eighty-eight directors had used a benchmarking partner. Most …

Manipulating Dna Conformation Using Intertwined Conducting Polymer Chains, Ramaswamy Nagarajan, Wei Liu, Jayant Kumar, Sukant K. Tripathy, Ferdinando F. Bruno, Lynne A. Samuelson

United States Army: Publications

In the field of inherently conducting polymers, polyaniline (Pani) has elicited tremendous interest due to its promising electrical properties and unique redox tunability. Synthetic routes involving the use of polyelectrolytes have significantly improved the processability of polyaniline. Recently, a template guided synthesis catalyzed by an enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), has provided a means of polymerizing aniline under milder pH conditions (pH 4.3) and subsequently widened the choice of templates to more delicate biological macromolecules. Here we report a strategy that exploits the inherent molecular order as well as the polyelectrolyte behavior of DNA to enzymatically synthesize and biologically assemble conducting …

U.S. Air Force Long-Range Strike Aircraft White Paper, United States Air Force

United States Air Force: Publications

As a result of DoD transformation plans and recent operational experience (Air War Over Serbia and Operation ENDURING FREEDOM) portions of the 1999 U.S. Air Force White Paper on Long Range Bombers have become outmoded. In October 2001, the Secretary of the Air Force directed an updated Long-range Strike Aircraft White Paper incorporating our new defense planning guidance. This document provides an update to the 1999 White Paper and reflects current decisions concerning bomber force structure and basing. While modification plans remain largely intact, the focus has been refined to support the Global Strike Task Force concept.

Lab Fattening And Non-Invasive Estimates Of Body Composition In Deer Mice, Edward T. Unangst, Michael J. Blair, Matthew W. Granger, David W. Hale

United States Air Force: Publications

Total body electrical conductivity measurements and lipid composition were determined for the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) to derive species specific calibration equations for use with EM-SCAN estimates of lean and fat tissue. For each individual, total body electrical conductivity was measured by EM-SCAN, and actual lipid content was determined by chemical extraction. Then, using estimated and actual lipid values, separate calibration equations were generated for freshly captured (lean) and laboratory maintained (fat) individuals, and a combined equation was derived for all individuals. These equations were variable in the accuracy of lipid estimates; the lowest relative error estimate (percent …

Chemical Insights From High-Resolution X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy And Ab Initio Theory: Propyne, Trifluoropropyne, And Ethynylsulfur Pentafluoride, Leif J. Sæthre, Nora Berrah, John D. Bozek, Knut J. Borve, Thomas X. Carroll, Edwin Kukk, Gary L. Gard, Rolf Winter, T. Darrah Thomas

United States Department of Energy: Publications

High-resolution carbon 1s photoelectron spectroscopy of propyne (HC=CH₃) shows a spectrum in which the contributions from the three chemically inequivalent carbons are clearly resolved and marked by distinct vibrational structure. This structure is well accounted for by ab initio theory. For 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne (HC=CF₃) and ethynylsulfur pentafluoride (HC=SF₅), the ethynyl carbons show only a broad structure and have energies that differ only slightly from one another. The core-ionization energies can be qualitatively understood in terms of conventional resonance structures; the vibrational broadening for the fluorinated compounds can be understood in terms of the effects of …

Biotransformation Of Ni-Substituted Hydrous Ferric Oxide By An Fe(Iii)-Reducing Bacterium, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Yuri A. Gorby, Steven C. Smith, Christopher F. Brown

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The reductive biotransformation of a Ni²⁺-substituted (5 mol %) hydrous ferric oxide (NiHFO) by Shewanella putrefaciens, strain CN32, was investigated under anoxic conditions at circumneutral pH. Our objectives were to define the influence of Ni²⁺ substitution on the bioreducibility of the HFO and the biomineralization products formed and to identify biogeochemical factors controlling the phase distribution of Ni²⁺ during bioreduction. Incubations with CN32 and NiHFO were sampled after 14 and 32 d, and both aqueous chemistry and solid phases were characterized. By comparison of these results with a previous study (Fredrickson, J. K.; Zachara, J. M.; …

Dissimilatory Bacterial Reduction Of Al-Substituted Goethite In Subsurface Sediments, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, John M. Zachara, Steven C. Smith, James K. Fredrickson, Chongxuan Liu

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The microbiologic reduction of a 0.2 to 2.0 µm size fraction of an Atlantic coastal plain sediment (Eatontown) was investigated using a dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium (Shewanella putrefaciens, strain CN32) to evaluate mineralogic controls on the rate and extent of Fe(III) reduction and the resulting distribution of biogenic Fe(II). Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to show that the sedimentary Fe (III) oxide was Al-substituted goethite (13–17% Al) that existed as 1- to 5-µm aggregates of indistinct morphology. Bioreduction experiments were performed in two buffers [HCO₃^‑; 1,4-piperazinediethansulfonic acid (PIPES)] both without and with 2,6-anthraquinone …

Kinetics And Mechanism Of Birnessite Reduction By Catechol, Christopher J. Matocha, Donald L. Sparks, James E. Amonette, Ravi K. Kukkadapu

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The complex interactions of oxidizable organic ligands with soil Mn(III,IV) (hydr)oxide minerals have received little study by in situspectroscopic techniques.We used a combination of an in situ electron paramagnetic resonance stopped-flow (EPR-SF) spectroscopic technique and stirred-batch studies to measure the reductive dissolution kinetics of birnessite (δ-MnO₂), a common Mn mineral in soils, by catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene). The reaction was rapid, independent of pH, and essentially complete within seconds under conditions of excess catechol at pH 4 to 6. The overall empirical second-order rate equation describing the reductive dissolution rate was d[Mn(II)]/dt = k[CAT]^1.0[SA]^1.0 where …

Distribution And Retention Of 137cs In Sediments At The Hanford Site, Washington, James Mckinley, Cynthia Zeissler, John M. Zachara, R. Jeffrey Serne, Richard Lindstrom, Herbert Schaef, Robert Orr

United States Department of Energy: Publications

¹³⁷Cesium and other contaminants have leaked from single-shell storage tanks (SSTs) into coarse-textured, relatively unweathered unconsolidated sediments. Contaminated sediments were retrieved from beneath a leaky SST to investigate the distribution of adsorbed ¹³⁷Cs⁺ across different sediment size fractions. All fractions contained mica (biotite, muscovite, vermiculatized biotite), quartz, and plagioclase along with smectite and kaolinite in the clay-size fraction. A phosphor-plate autoradiograph method was used to identify particular sediment particles responsible for retaining ¹³⁷Cs⁺. The Cs-bearing particles were found to be individual mica flakes or agglomerated smectite, mica, quartz, and plagioclase. Of these, only the …

Kinetic Analysis Of The Bacterial Reduction Of Goethite, Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson, Cynthia Brinkman

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The kinetics of dissimilatory reduction of goethite (RFeOOH) was studied in batch cultures of a groundwater bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens, strain CN32 in pH 7 bicarbonate buffer. The rate and extent of goethite reduction were measured as a function of electron acceptor (goethite) and donor (lactate) concentrations. Increasing goethite concentrations increased both the rate and extent of Fe(III) reduction when cell and lactate concentrations were held constant. However, constant initial reduction rates were observed after normalization to the Fe(II) sorption capacity of FeOOH, suggesting that the bacterial reduction rate was first order with respect to surface site concentration. Increasing …

Microbial Reduction Of Fe(Iii) And Sorption/Precipitation Of Fe(Ii) On Shewanella Putrefaciens Strain Cn32, Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara, Yuri Gorby, Jim Szecsody, Christopher Brown

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The influence of Fe(II) on the dissimilatory bacterial reduction of an Fe(III) aqueous complex (Fe(III)-citrate_aq) was investigated using Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32. The sorption of Fe(II) on CN32 followed a Langmuir isotherm. Least-squares fitting gave a maximum sorption capacity of Q_max = 4.19 x 10^-3 mol/10¹² cells (1.19 mmol/ m² of cell surface area) and an affinity coefficient of log K = 3.29. The growth yield of CN32 with respect to Fe(III)_aq reduction showed a linear trend with an average value of 5.24 (±0.12) x 10⁹ cells/mmol of Fe(III). The reduction of …

Uncertainties Of Monod Kinetic Parameters Nonlinearly Estimated From Batch Experiments, Chongxuan Liu, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Monod kinetic parameters (K_s, µmax, and Y) that are estimated from batch experimental data can have large uncertainties due to linear correlations between them. The degree of correlation and the resulting uncertainties of the Monod parameters are functions of the initial experimental conditions, the values of the parameters, the type and magnitude of measurement errors, and the sampling number. Careful manipulation of experimental conditions can reduce the correlations between Monod parameters allowing for the estimation of Monod kinetic parameters with the lowest degree of uncertainty. By dimensionless analysis, the correlation and relative standard deviations of Monod parameters …

Uranium(Vi) Sorption Complexes On Montmorillonite As A Function Of Solution Chemistry, Catherine J. Chisholm-Brause, John M. Berg, Robert A. Matzner, David E. Morris

United States Department of Energy: Publications

We have investigated the effect of changes in solution chemistry on the nature of uranyl sorption complexes on montmorillonite (SAz-1) at different surface coverages (1.43–53.6 µmol/g). Uranyl uptake onto SAz-1 between pH 3 and 7 was determined in both titration and batch-mode experiments. These pH values result in solutions that contain a range of monomeric and oligomeric aqueous uranyl species. Continuous-wave and timeresolved emission spectroscopies were used to investigate the nature of U(VI) sorbed to SAz-1. A discrete set of uranyl surface complexes has been identified over a wide range of pH values at these low to moderate coverages. For …

Vibrational Structure And Vibronic Coupling In The Carbon 1s Photoelectron Spectra Of Ethane And Deuteroethane, Tor Karlson, Leif J. Sæthre, Knut J. Børve, Nora Berrah, Edwin Kukk, John D. Bozek, Thomas X. Carroll, T. Darrah Thomas

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The carbon 1s photoelectron spectrum of ethane, C₂H₆, has been measured at a photon energy of 329 eV and an instrumental resolution of 70 meV. The spectrum shows a rich vibrational structure which is resolved using least-squares fits to the data. Only C-H stretching and CCH bending modes contribute significantly to the spectrum. The lack of excitation of the C-C stretching mode is explained in terms of changes in hybridization at the spectator carbon. To investigate the possibility of incomplete localization of the core hole, the spectra of C₂H₆ and C₂D …

On The Effectiveness Of State Anti-Corporate Farming Laws In The United States, Rick Welsh, Chantal Line Carpentier, Bryan Hubbell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Structural changes in US agriculture toward a more corporate-oriented and vertically aligned system have focused attention on the relative efficacy of the anti-corporate farming laws of nine Midwestern states. Using state-level data from a survey of agricultural lawyers and the U.S. Census of Agriculture, we find that the restrictiveness of the laws vary among states, and the relative restrictiveness of the laws have changed over time. Also, strengthening a law tends to limit acreage under non-family corporate ownership arrangements.

A Practical Guide To Estimating Cleanup Costs, Mike Goldstein, Jon Ritterling

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Cost estimates are frequently developed to evaluate hazardous-waste-site cleanup options in support of a site investigation, remedy selection decision, or assessment of environmental liabilities. The accuracy of the cost estimate depends largely on the quality of the information available at the time it is prepared. This article presents a practical guide to developing a cleanup cost estimate. It includes information on how to document assumptions, use the latest technical resources, and perform basic adjustments to account for uncertainty and the time value of money. The content is based upon a recent guidance document issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency …

Task Specific Uncertainty In Coordinate Measurement, R. G. Wilhelm, R. Hocken, H. Schwenke

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Task specific uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty associated with the measurement of a specific feature using a specific measurement plan. This paper surveys techniques developed to model and estimate task specific uncertainty for coordinate measuring systems, primarily coordinate measuring machines using contacting probes. Sources of uncertainty are also reviewed.

Construction Of A Derivative Of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens C58 That Does Not Mutate To Tetracycline Resistance, Zhao-Qing Luo, Thomas E. Clemente, Stephen K. Farrand

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 mutates to tetracycline resistance at high frequency, complicating the use of many broad-host-range cloning and binary vectors that code for resistance to this antibiotic as the selection marker. Such mutations are associated with a resistant gene unit, tet_C58, that is present in the genome of this strain. By deleting the tet_C58 locus, we constructed NTL4, a derivative of C58 that no longer mutates to tetracycline resistance. The deletion had no detectable effect on genetic or physiological traits of NTL4 or on the ability of this strain to transform plants.