Engineering Commons^™

Development Of An Alternate Methodology For Identifying Heavy/Coal Trucks And Calculating Esal’S/Axle And Axles/Truck, Jack A. Harison, David L. Allen, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Performance Of Shrinkage Compensating Bridge Deck Concrete (Class S) I-75, Kenton County, David Q. Hunsucker, Michael D. Stone

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Shrinkage Compensating Concrete (Class S) is made with an expansive cement in which the expansion, if restrained, induces compressive stresses that approximately offset tensile stresses induced during drying shrinkage, thereby eliminating or significantly reducing the occurrence of shrinkage cracking in concrete. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the construction and performance of the Shrinkage Compensating Concrete (Class S) and to compare these characteristics to previous Class S concrete data and to conventional Class AA bridge deck concrete. This report summarizes construction activities and provides final performance evaluations and recommendations relative to experimental decks and barrier walls constructed of …

Development Of A Safety Management System, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Safety Management System (SMS) is one of six management systems mandated by Section 1 034 of the 1991 lntermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The overall goal of a SMS is to reduce the number and severity of traffic crashes. lt is to be comprehensive in that it incorporates all public roads and all contributing factors associated with the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure to implement a SMS for Kentucky. A recommended process is described. Agencies and organizations were identified which have a role or interest in traffic …

Equivalent Single Axleload Computer Program Enhancements, Jerry G. Pigman, David L. Allen, Jack A. Harison, Neil Tollner, David H. Cain

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of the study were to review and modify previously used Equivalent Single Axleload (ESAL) prediction procedures and to develop a more efficient procedure. As part of the effort to simplify the procedure, a subtask was undertaken to reduce the number of highway functional classes being used to process data for the ESAL estimation procedure. Another objective was to develop a more definitive and accurate method for reflecting the effects of coal or heavy truck movements. Results of this task were documented as Research Report KTC-95-6.

Analyses were performed and validated to reduce the twelve functional classes to six …

Performance Of Pyrament Cement Concrete In A Highway Bridge Deck, David Q. Hunsucker, Michael D. Stone

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Pyrament Blended Cement (PBC) is a high performance cement that was developed by Lone Star Industries. Concrete that is made with PBC is rapid setting, has high strength and low permeability. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet chose to use PBC concrete in a lull·depth bridge deck. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the construction and performance of a full-depth bridge deck constructed of PBC concrete and to compare the data obtained to historical construction and performance properties of conventional, Class AA bridge deck concrete. This report provides information relative to construction activities, materials properties, and a summary of the …

Roadway Related Tort Liability And Risk Management: 3rd Edition, Daniel S. Turner, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This training material has been prepared to address the tort liability problems faced by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and Kentucky local governments. The workbook defines the problem by reviewing the national picture of growing numbers of suits and escalating financial losses from suits against highway agencies.

The workbook also sets out solutions, and reviews actions which can decrease the exposure of highway agencies to these suits. This risk management concept is emphasized throughout the workbook.

Field Performance Report On Pvc Pipe Campbell County, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report documents the installation and performance of PVC pipe installed on KY 9 in Campbell County. The pipe installed was Perma-Loc, manufactured by J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc.

Pipes appear to be performing well with the clean coarse sand backfill.lt is apparent the pipe is brittle at lower temperatures. and caution should be exercised during cold weather construction.

It is apparent that the contractor achieved substantial compaction around the haunches and the side of the pipe which is helping to reduce pipe deflection.

In July 1995, the pipes will have been installed for approximately two years. Minor changes in pipe …

Effectiveness Of Vegetative Filter Strips In Controlling Losses Of Surface-Applied Poultry Litter Constituents, Indrajeet Chaubey, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr., D. Jeff Nichols

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have been shown to have high potential for reducing nonpoint source pollution from cultivated agricultural source areas, but information from uncultivated source areas amended with poultry litter is limited. Simulated rainfall was used in analyzing effects of VFS length (0, 3.1, 6.1, 9.2, 15.2, and 21.4 m) on quality of runoff from fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots (1.5 x 24.4 m) amended with poultry litter (5 Mg/ha). The VFS reduced mass transport of ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphorus (PO₄-P), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended …

Atrazine And Alachlor Dissipation Rates From Field Experiments, Stephen R. Workman, Andrew D. Ward, Norman R. Fausey, Sue E. Nokes

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Chemical transport is being monitored in the root zone of three agricultural management systems at the Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area (OMSEA). Atrazine and alachlor concentration data from soil cores taken to a depth of 0.9 m and partitioned into the increments of 0.0 to 0.15, 0.15 to 0.3, 0.45 to 0.6, and 0.75 to 0.9 m show the herbicides remained in the top 0.15 m of the profile during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. The slow movement of herbicides was partly due to below normal rainfall during the period. Since the herbicides have not been transported out of …

Flood Gates For Agricultural Fences, Larry W. Turner

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Flood gates are needed wherever fences cross ditches, gullies, and streams. They prevent livestock from swimming or crawling under the fence, and prevent debris from forming a dam that might wash out the fence or back up water to flood fields or other property.

Safe Movement Of Farm Equipment On Public Roads, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

The increasing size of farming operations brings with it an increased movement of equipment on the road. As road travel increases so does the potential for serious highway accidents. The most frequent accidents are collisions with other motor vehicles and loss of control which often leads to tractor over-turns. As an operator of farm equipment, your use of the proper safety equipment and good driving practices will greatly reduce the risk of an accident.

Program Guide: Fire Extinguishers: Protection For The Home And Farm, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

The right kind of fire extinguisher conveniently located and properly used can greatly reduce the potential losses from a fire. However, the user must have a knowledge of the common types of extinguishers, the types of fires for which they are safe and effective and the proper operating procedures.

Program Guide: Smoke Detectors Can Save Your Life, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Smoke detectors have the potential of greatly reducing the number of deaths resulting from home fires and at a very reasonable cost to the consumer. Yet some homes still do not have smoke detectors installed or do not have a sufficient number to provide a minimum level of protection.

Program Guide: A Home Fire Escape Plan, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

A home fire escape plan and regular practice with fire exit drills are essential for protecting a family from the potential disaster of a home fire. When a fire occurs, it is critical that everybody knows what to do, and through practice they have the know-how and confidence to do it.

Kentucky Traffic Accident Facts 1995 Report, Kentucky Transportation Center, Kentucky State Police

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Personal Computer (Pc) Program For Analysis Of Embankments With Tensile Elements, Mikhail E. Slepak, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

UKSLOPE is a comprehensive, PC-based, slope stability computer program that can be used to design and analyze reinforced and unreinforced earth structures. The computer program consists of two parts: limit equilibrium models and a computerized method for determining the spacing, length, Md number of tensile reinforcement elements. The design of reinforcement elements generally follows guidelines developed by the Tensar® Corporation. However, some modifications and improvements to the original methods have been made. The slope stability analysis portion of UKSLOPE is based partly on the original mainframe version. The following are the main features of the program:

• UKSLOPE is an extremely …

A User’S Guide For By Product And Discarded Material Utilization In Highway Construction And Maintenance, Kamyar C. Mahboub, David Q. Hunsucker

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report presents a user's guide for an expert decision-making system that utilizes findings of an extensive literature search and review conducted as part of this study. The literature search and review were conducted to determine current attitudes and document available technical data relative to the use of recyclable and recoverable materials in highway construction and maintenance activities. Specifically, the literature search focused upon the engineering, economic, and performance aspects of using recyclable and recoverable materials in highway construction and maintenance projects. The effort centered upon asphalt and Portland cement concrete pavement recycling, discarded tire recycling, reuse of paint removal …

Regional Variation In Temperature Humidity Index For Poultry Housing, Richard S. Gates, Hanzhong Zhang, Donald G. Colliver, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A building thermal model was used to compute hourly values of temperature humidity index (THI) for a broiler house with and without an evaporative misting system. Hourly summer time weather data for 238 U.S.A. locations covering 30 years were used to develop extreme occurrences of THI. Results were incorporated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) database to create isolines of THI and percentage of hours exceeding a heat stress threshold. Regional variations in misting as a suitable cooling technique are presented in terms of hours reduction in annual heat stress. The technique may be used for assisting in management decisions …

Sorption Of Chlorinated Organic Compounds By Sedimentary Rocks, Paul M. Mcginley, S. Kesaraju, Ronald D. Gruzesky

KWRRI Research Reports

The sorption of dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene on carbonate and shale rocks collected in Kentucky demonstrate that rock organic matter content is a good indicator of sorptive reactivity in rock systems. Although this is similar to soil systems, significant differences between sorption in rock and soil systems exist. Sorption isotherms on these rocks are nonlinear and sorption can be an order of magnitude higher than predicted using correlations from soils and their organic matter content. This sorption reaction could lead to significant concentration tailing during contaminant cleanup. Experimental elution of trichloroethylene from rock filled columns verified that cleanup times might be …

Development Of Guidelines And Performance For Asphalt Concrete Containing Recycled Rubber, Kamyar C. Mahboub, Donn E. Hancher

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of implementation of the crumb rubber technology in Kentucky. The impetus for this study was provided by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (lSTEA).

This study included an overview of existing literature on the subject from an implementation point of view for Kentucky's conditions. Upon completion of this phase of the study, guidelines were developed by the KTC research team and were submitted to the Transportation Cabinet for field implementation of the crumb rubber modifier (CRM) technology in Kentucky. From the ease of implementation point of view, …

Evaluation Of Change Interval Treatments For Traffic Signals At High-Speed Intersections, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A large number of traffic accidents at signalized intersections on high-speed roadways occur during or just after the change interval. The green extension system (GES) has been used extensively in Kentucky as a method of alleviating the problem related to the dilemma zone. An alternate method of handling this problem involves warning drivers that the signal indication is about to change from green to red using advance warning flashers (AWF). The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the alternative methods (GES or AWF) which can be used to lessen the problem associated with the dilemma zone which occurs …

Examination Of Concrete Cores From Lowe’S Store In Bowling Green, David L. Allen, L. John Fleckenstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Center was requested by Mr. Tom Brock, Vice President of McWhorter and Company, Inc., to examine cores obtained from a PCC floor slab of a Lowe's store in Bowling Green, Kentucky. From a telephone conversation with Mr. Brock, is was our understanding that a large portion of the surface of the floor slab was scaling and becoming detached. This apparently involved approximately the top 118 inch of the slab.

Nine cores were delivered to our laboratories. They were obtained at the locations shown in the floor map included in Appendix A. Those nine cores are shown in …

Use Of Flowable Fill (Clsm) For Trench Backfill, Bobby W. Meade, David Q. Hunsucker, Michael D. Stone

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), commonly referred to as flowable fill, has been used for years as a trench backfill for utility repairs in Kentucky, and is now being used by the Kentucky Department of Highways (KDOH) on a limited basis. Flowable fill, when used as trench backfill, typically consists of natural sand, fly ash, cement, and water with a design compressive strength of 50 to 100 psi at 28 days. Flowable fill was used on two KDOH projects in 1991. One project was new construction in the widening and realignment of Breckinridge Lane in Louisville and the other was …

Analysis Of Motor Vehicle-Deer Accidents In Kentucky, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An analysis of motor vehicle-deer (deer) accidents for the five-year period of 1989 through 1993 was conducted. There was an average of about 2,800 deer accidents per year. This type of accident was generally not severe with almost 96 percent property-damage-only accidents. Trends were noted in time and date of the accidents. The highest percentage of deer accidents occurred between 6 and 10 pm and in November and December. The percentage of this type of accident was highest in western and northern Kentucky and lowest in southeastern and central Kentucky. The accident rate for this type of accident was highest …

Analysis Of Traffic Accident Data In Kentucky (1989-1993), Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report includes an analysis of traffic accident data in Kentucky for the years of 1989-1993. A primary objective of this study was to determine average accident statistics for Kentucky highways. Average and critical numbers and rates of accidents were calculated for various types of highways in rural and urban areas. These data can be used in Kentucky's procedure to identify locations that have abnormal rates or numbers of accidents.

Another objective of this study was to provide data which can be used in the preparation of the problem identification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan. County and city …

1994 Safety Belt Usage Survey And Evaluation Of Effectiveness In Kentucky, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to establish 1994 safety belt and child safety seat usage rates in Kentucky. The 1994 survey documents the results from enacting a statewide mandatory safety belt law. Data were collected at 100 sites and combined based on vehicle miles travelled for a given type of highway, rural or urban location, and county population category. Also included in this report is an analysis of accident records evaluating the effectiveness of safety belts.

The data show that enactment of the statewide law had a dramatic effect on usage rates. The usage rate for drivers increased from …

Evaluation Of Edge Drains Headwalls And Outlets On Western Kentucky Parkway And Pennyrile Parkway, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

On May 10, 1994, the Kentucky Transportation Center conducted a routine edge drain and outlet inspection on the Pennyrile Parkway in the vicinity of Milepost 23. The edge drains had been in service since 1992. Two edge drain outlets were inspected with a "Cues" pipeline inspection camera. One of the outlets was 85 percent blocked by rock and debris. District 2, operations personnel concerned with the findings requested that the Kentucky Transportation Center evaluate all 364 outlets on the project plus an additional 49 edge drain outlets that were being installed on the Western Kentucky Parkway.

This report documents the …

Evaluation Of Pavement Edge Drains And The Effect On Pavement Performance, L. John Fleckenstein, David L. Allen, Jack A. Harison

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report documents the performance of highway edge drains in Kentucky. Approximately eighteen high edge drain installations were inspected. The report also documents the laboratory testing, construction, short-term and long-term performance of these systems. Construction inspection and maintenance are addressed.

It is apparent that the panels are distressed more under the old method of installation using excavated trench material and dynamic type compaction. It is apparent that using the sand slurry reduces the chances of installation damage. Proper density needs to be achieved during installation of the sand backfill or damage will occur due to trench settlement. In most cases, …

Evaluation Of Advanced Surveying Technology For Accident Investigation, Kenneth R. Agent, John A. Deacon, Jerry G. Pigman, Nikiforos Stamatiadis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of advanced surveying technology tor the investigation of traffic accidents.

The analysis shows that the investigation of traffic accidents using total station (survey) equipment provides a substantial improvement over the traditional coordinate procedure. The number of measurements obtained at an accident scene increased (by a factor of about two) when the total station equipment was used while the time required to collect the measurements decreased by about 33 percent with the man hours decreased by about one-halt. The increase in the number of measurements results in a more accurate and …

Summary Of Results Of 1993 Field And Laboratory Evaluations Of Pavement Marking Materials, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes the results of data collected as part of the 1993 field and laboratory evaluations of pavement marking materials for the SASHTO Regional Test Facility. The report is divided into two volumes. The first volume presents the field evaluations while the laboratory tests results are given in the second volume. The purpose of the Regional Test Facility (RTF) is to minimize the amount of field and laboratory research testing of specific types of materials. This is accomplished by combining efforts in an organized manner to reduce the monetary and man-hour requirements of both the states and industry. A …