Engineering Commons^™

Oczyszczanie Gazów Odlotowych Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Flue gas cleaning system is a very important part of each hazardous waste incineration plant. Air pollutant emission limit values permissible for this process in Member States of the European Union are so rigorous that the installation designers there are forced to use very effective and of course expensive solutions. In the paper a review of methods and systems used to the treatment of flue gases from hazardous waste incineration is presented. This can be particularly useful in the face of the adaptation of existing waste incineration plant operating in Poland with European Union requirements.

English title: Cleaning of flue …

Ocena Zasięgu Istotnego Oddziaływania Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Huty Katowice Pod Kątem Likwidacji Strefy Ochronnej, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of air quality impact assessment of Katowice Steelworks in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland) in the protective zone. On the basis of calculations, it was found that in terms of air pollution there is a reasonable possibility of complete elimination of existing protective zone around these industrial plants.

English title: Assessment of the extent of significant effects of pollutant emissions from the "Katowice" Steelworks in terms of liquidation of the environmental protection zone.

Wpływ Wprowadzenia Ciągłego Odlewania Stali Na Wielkość Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Huty Katowice, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of research carried out in 1999 in the Department of Continuous Casting of Steel (CCS) Machines in "Katowice" Steelworks in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland), whose main objective was the identification of emission sources of dust and gaseous pollutants, determination of emission factors and assessment of environmental effects associated with the operation of this technology. Particular attention was paid for assessing the impact of the introduction the CCS technology to reduce total emissions from "Katowice" Steelworks.

English title: Impact of the introduction of continuous casting of steel on pollutant emissions from "Katowice" Steelworks.

Tribological Behaviour Of Quenched And Tempered, And Austempered Ductile Iron At The Same Hardness Level

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

The tribological behaviour of ductile iron heat-treated by two different procedures viz. quenching and tempering, and austempering to an identical matrix hardness of 445 KHN is compared. Wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disc type apparatus under dry sliding conditions at a linear speed of 1.18 m s -1. Applied load and sliding distance in the range of 7.5-30 N and 2x10 4-6x10 4 m, respectively, were used. It was observed that under all test conditions, austempered ductile iron exhibits a better wear resistance than quenched and tempered ductile iron, although both have an identical chemical composition and matrix …

Pesticide Waste Incineration In The Wet Process Cement Kiln, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Stanisław Słupek

Robert Oleniacz

The presentation discusses the problem of pesticide wastes in Poland that have been accumulated underground in concrete graveyards or bunkers. Their progressive unsealing poses a significant health risk to people due to groundwater, soil and air pollution. There are not many of professional hazardous waste incineration plants in Poland, therefore, the paper proposes the use of cement kiln for thermal treatment of such waste. Polish cement industry is interested in utilization of various wastes (e.g. in the capacity of alternative fuels) in the process connected with the cement clinker production in rotary kilns. High temperatures existing in cement kilns (ca. …

Struktura Emisji Związków Fluoru Z Hutnictwa Żelaza Na Przykładzie Huty Katowice, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

As recently as a dozen or so years ago ferrous metallurgy was known as one of the biggest source of fluorine compound emissions to the atmosphere. Nevertheless production technology and raw material changes occurring in this industry cause continuous decreasing of their participation in the total fluorine emission. On the ground of investigations that have been carried out in the Katowice Steelworks (Poland) in the last few years, participation of particular technological processing in the water-soluble fluorine compound emissions (which are regarded as toxic) were presented in the paper, as well as a position of fuel combustion process (that take …

Analiza Możliwości Likwidacji Stref Ochronnych Wokół Wybranych Zakładów Przemysłu Hutniczego I Koksochemicznego, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

Polish industrial plants with protective zones delimited in the past, have been faced with the necessity to liquidation of these zones before 2005. At the same time the plants must not cause any harmful influence over environment outside the area which they have title deed to. Determination of the current range of this impact is very important due to the high costs of a possible purchase of land exposed to the harmful effects. The study analyzes the possibility of verifying the course of borders two existing protective zones: around Katowice Steelworks and Coking Plant "Przyjaźń" in Dąbrowa Górnicza (the first …

E-Commerce Technology For Safe Money Transaction Over The Net, Noor Jahan Haque, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

The Buzz word E-commerce has revolutionized the way the business and money transactions used to work in the past. It is the latest impact of software arena in the field of banking, business and purchasing. The term also refers to online stock and bond transactions and buying and downloading software without ever going near a store. In addition, e-commerce includes business-to-business connections that make purchasing easier for big corporations. This paper mainly concentrates on technology revolution behind the transaction of money over the net. There are still doubts and questions from business and corporate users on the safety aspects of …

E-Commerce Technology Forsafe Money Transaction Over The Net, Noor Jahan Haque, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

The Buzz word E-commerce has revolutionized the way the business and money transactions used to work in the past. It is the latest impact of software arena in the field of banking, business and purchasing. The term also refers to online stock and bond transactions and buying and downloading software without ever going near a store. In addition, e-commerce includes business-to-business connections that make purchasing easier for big corporations. This paper mainly concentrates on technology revolution behind the transaction of money over the net. There are still doubts and questions from business and corporate users on the safety aspects of …

Technologia Ciągłego Odlewania Stali I Jej Wpływ Na Ograniczenie Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesów Hutniczych, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata, Anita Niedojadło

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of continuous casting of steel technology on air pollutant emissions in one of the Polish steelworks - Huta Katowice S.A. in Dąbrowa Górnicza. Emission sources occurring in the production process and the levels of pollutant emissions into the air were described. Implementation of continuous casting of steel brought significant changes in the production cycle in steelworks and caused an increase in the efficiency of manufacture of products. Calculated environmental effects showed a significant reduction of all pollutant emissions in the whole plant.

English title: Technology of continuous casting of steel and …

Spopielanie Odpadów Medycznych W Systemie Purotherm-Pyrolise – Zmienność Składu Spalin I Emisji Zanieczyszczeń W Cyklu Załadowczym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents selected effects of the cyclical nature of the two-stage process of medical waste incineration on the variation of concentrations of basic constituents and selected gaseous pollutants (NOx, CO, SO2, H2S and HCl) in flue gas discharged from the process. The study included the installation working in the Purotherm-Pyrolise system (waste gasification and gas afterburning) with actual yields of 100-150 kg/h. The phases of the process varied in dynamic and direction changes of the flue-gas composition and the levels of air pollutant emissions were separated and described for these phases. They can be very important for the organization …

Neptune: Un Logiciel Pour Les Écoulements De Rivière, Alexandre Martin, Marcelo Reggio, Jean-Yves Trépanier

Alexandre Martin

Une méthodologie de conception et d'analyse est développée pour la simulation des écoulements clans les rivières. La discrétisation des équations de base (Saint-Venant) est établie en fonction du schéma de Roe, développé à l'origine pour des écoulements compressibles non-visqueux. Le domaine est discrétisé en espace avec des triangles ou quadrilatères, clans un contexte de volume-finis, ce qui permet de représenter des géométries complexes. L'imposition des conditions frontières et initiales sont aussi décrites. Toutes les étapes préliminaires à la résolution du problème, ainsi que la visualisation de la solution sont gérées par la famille de logiciels PLANÈTES.

Data Communication Software- Role And Functions, Raman K. Attri, Noor Jahan Haque

Raman K. Attri

The shifting of communication systems from analog to digital has introduces a new area of data communication. The core of data communication is Communication software which is the topic of my paper today. In this paper I shall cover following areas: Overview of Data Communication, Role of Data Communication Software, Functional Aspects of Data Communication Software

History Of Uranium On Stamps, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

Postage stamps are important means of communication and many countries have recorded important events, honored worthy individuals, and described interesting facts through this medium. Many historical facts, sometimes obscure, can be found on stamps; some of these may not be easily located in a history or a science book. Stamps have artistic value, they are created by artists. This article published in the Quarterly Journal of the International Atomic Energy Agency highlights the history of uranium. It is available in French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese beside English.

A Fuzzy Logic Classifier For Transient Stability Assessment, Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Transient stability assessment (TSA) of a power system pursues a two-fold objective: first to appraise the system’s capability to withstand major contingencies and second to suggest remedial actions whenever needed. The first objective is the concern of analysis; the second is a matter of control. To assess transient stability, multitude of techniques are available encompassing traditional time domain state numerical integration, Lyapunov based techniques, probabilistic methods, and recently Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. This paper presents a simple but effective fuzzy logic classifier system for TSA. The fuzzy logic-based rule assessment needs only a fraction of time to solve the classification …

An Adaptive Protection Scheme For Optimal Overcurrent Relay Coordination In Interconnected Power Systems, Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz

This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme for optimal coordination of overcurrent relays (OCR) in interconnected power networks with an improved formulation. The scheme adapts to system changes; new relays settings are implemented as load, generation-level or system-topology changes. The software developed for this application is described. The developed scheme is applied to the IEEE 30-bus test system. Results showed the importance and necessity of this scheme in maintaining the optimal performance of the relays in all conditions.

Software Tool For Seismic Data Recorder And Analyser, Satish Kumar, Raman Attri, B. Sharma, M. Shamshi

Raman K. Attri

Design and Development of software controlled stand-alone instruments has been identified as the most vital component of national and intemational programs on earthquake hazard and risk management. For in depth investigation and studies, the development of precise instruments designed around computer is emerging very fast. Interacing of personal computer with seismic instrument is an important design task. A design technique based on minimum hardware has been worked out around the parallel printer interface of computer. Hardware and Software for this purpose has been designed to make the instrument interact with computer through parallel port interface. Incorporation of software for seismic …

Terminology Work: Tools And Processes That Make A Difference, Uwe Muegge

Uwe Muegge

Technical texts, i.e., technical literature proper (data sheets, user documentation, scientific publications, etc.), as well as the whole range of medical and legal texts, have one feature in common: Their authors make generous use of: a) words not in common usage, e.g., dongle (a computer hardware device that prevents unauthorized use of protected software); and/or b) words that are in common usage but have a slightly, or even totally, different meaning in the special language, e.g., bug (in the general sense, this means a small insect, but in the computer software field, this is a small defect in the code …

Determining Cotton Leaf Canopy Temperature Using Multispectral Remote Sensing, S. J. Maas, G. J. Fitzgerald, William R. Detar

William R DeTar

Previous studies at Shafter have demonstrated that differences in surface temperature associated with water stress can readily be observed in multispectral images of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields. In 1999, remote sensing and field observations were made to develop a linear mixture modeling approach to extracting cotton leaf canopy temperature from measurements of surface temperature. In this approach, bare soil temperature within the field was found to be correlated with the amount of crop ground cover. With this information, the effects of incomplete ground cover could be accounted for in estimating the temperature of the cotton leaf canopy.

Reflexive Autopoietic Dissipative Special Systems Theory, Kent D. Palmer

Kent D. Palmer

A newly discovered approach to extending General Systems Theory as defined by George Klir through a set of Special Systems is described. General Systems Theory is distinguished from the theory of Meta-systems. Then, a hinge of three special systems is identified between systems and meta-systems. These special systems are defined by algebraic analogies. Anomalous physical phenomena are specified that exemplify the structures defined by the algebraic analogies. The extraordinary efficacious properties of these special systems are explained. These include ultra-efficiency and ultra-effectiveness. These three special systems are called dissipative, autopoietic, and reflexive. They are anomalous within general systems theory and …

Effect Of Mechanical Factors On Tribological Properties Of Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blended Lubricant

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

The effects of mechanical factors viz. applied load and temperature on the tribological performance of 5% palm oil methyl ester (POME) blended lubricant were studied using a steel-cast iron pair. Wear and frictional measurements were made using a stationary steel ball and a reciprocating cast iron plate in a modified universal wear and friction testing machine. The test conditions were contact pressure, 400 MPa; mean contact velocity, 0.34 m/s; reciprocating stroke, 80 mm; loads, 100-1100 N (fixed temperature); and temperature, 40-140°C (fixed load). Wear scar surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the wear mechanisms involved. Analysis …

Reactive Extraction For Downstream Separation Of 1,3-Propanediol, Janusz J. Malinowski

Janusz J. Malinowski

The downstream separation of 1,3-propanediol from dilute aqueous solution was studied. A process combining reversible reaction of 1,3-propanediol with acetaldehyde to 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane and a simultaneous extraction of the product by organic solvent appears to be technically feasible and attractive. The dioxane yield was 91-92%, the overall conversion of 1,3-propanediol was ca. 98%, and recovery of dioxane into the organic extractant was 75%.

The Influence Of The Isomerization Reactions On The Soybean Oil Hydrogenation Process, Zeljko D. Cupic

Zeljko D Cupic

No abstract provided.

Study Of Chlorination Of Nickel Ferrite By Gaseous Chlorine And Calcium Chloride In The Presence Of Active Additives, Zeljko J. Kamberovic

Zeljko J Kamberovic

Thermodynamic analysis and experimental research of the chlorination of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) by gaseous chlorine in the presence of added C, BaS, S and NaCl in the temperature range from 300 to 900¾C are given in this paper. Nickel ferrite chlorination in the presence of BaS and CaCl2 was carried out in the temperature range from 750 to 950¾C. The presence of added C, BaS, S and NaCl intensifies the chlorination process of nickel ferrite by gaseous chlorine and reduces the temperature the reaction begins at from 700 to 300¾C. It is concluded that the process of nickel chlorination without …

Study Of Chlorination Of Nickel Silicate By Gaseous Chlorine And Calcium Chloride In The Presence Of Active Additives, Zeljko J. Kamberovic

Zeljko J Kamberovic

The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis and experimental research on the kinetics of the chlorination of nickel silicate (2NiOÀSiO2) by gaseous chlorine and calcium chloride without additives and in the presence of added C, BaS, S and NaCl, to intensify the process. The influence of temperature in the range from 673 up to 1223 K for various chlorination times has been studied. Additives increases the chlorination rate. The kinetics of the process were determined by the analysis of dependence of the nickel chlorination rate on time and temperature. It was established that nickel chlorination without additives is a chemically-controlled reaction, …

Representation Of Solid-Supercritical Fluid Phase Equilibria Using Cubic Equations Of State, Seif-Eddeen K. Fateen

Seif-Eddeen K Fateen

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Simulations Of Reactors For Catalytic Conversion Of Methane To Syngas With Forced Concentration Cycling, Krzysztof Gosiewski

Krzysztof Gosiewski

In this paper simulation results are presented concerning the partial catalytic oxidation of methane (PCOM) in a reactor with forced composition cycling and packed with a pelletized Pt/MgO catalyst. The reactor operates in two cycles, namely, the ‘hot’ cycle, H, during which mainly the reactants of the strongly exothermal complete combustion reaction (CH4 and O2) are supplied, and the ‘cold’cycle , C, in which mainly the components of the endothermal reforming reactions are introduced (CH4 and H2O or, optionally CO2). The simulations are supplemented with a thermodynamic analysis of the conditions of permanent carbon deposits forming in such a reactor. …

Emergency Response Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian Main Line, Barry A. Palynchuk Phd, Michael J. Loehr, Robert W. Badger, Robert P. Conroy, Clive H. Mackay

Barry A. Palynchuk PhD

In late June 1998, a major storm event occurred in the Adirondack Mountains in the vicinity of Keeseville, New York about 150 miles north of Albany. This storm resulted in unprecedented damage to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) Canadian Mainline along the shores of Lake Champlain. The storm caused 14 major embankment failures and washouts, numerous minor failures, severe bridge foundation scour and a major mainline derailment.

A Coupling Method Of A Homotopy Technique And A Perturbation Technique For Non-Linear Problems, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

In this paper, a coupling method of a homotopy technique and a perturbation technique is proposed to solve non-linear problems. In contrast to the traditional perturbation methods, the proposed method does not require a small parameter in the equation. In this method, according to the homotopy technique, a homotopy with an imbedding parameter p3[0, 1] is constructed, and the imbedding parameter is considered as a &&small parameter''. So the proposed method can take full advantage of the traditional perturbation methods. Some examples are given. The results reveal that the new method is very e!ective and simple. ( 1999 Elsevier Science …