Engineering Commons^™

Interfacial Mixing In A Highly Stratified Estuary: 2. A "Method Of Constrained Differences" Approach For The Determination Of The Momentum And Mass Balances And The Energy Of Mixing, David J. Kay, David A. Jay

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article is Part 2 of a set of papers addressing mixing in a highly stratified estuary. In Part 2, turbulence and mean flow measurements are together used to understand the role of mixing in the overall dynamics of the system. Estimates of the partition of energy dissipation between bed-generated and internal mixing suggest that internal mixing accounts for about two thirds of the total turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) produced in the salt-wedge reach of the Columbia River estuary during the neap-tide, moderate river-flow observation period. This suggests that internal mixing plays a larger role in the energetics of such …

Efficient Decomposition Of Large Fuzzy Functions And Relations, Paul Burkey, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents a new approach to decomposition of fuzzy functions. A tutorial background on fuzzy logic representations is first given to emphasize next the simplicity and generality of this new approach. Ashenhurst-like decomposition of fuzzy functions was discussed in [3] but it was not suitable for programming and was not programmed. In our approach, fuzzy functions are converted to multiple-valued functions and decomposed using an mv decomposer. Then the decomposed multiple-valued functions are converted back to fuzzy functions. This approach allows for Curtis-like decompositions with arbitrary number of intermediate fuzzy variables, that have been not presented for fuzzy functions …

Multi-Output Esop Synthesis With Cascades Of New Reversible Gate Family, Mozammel H.A. Khan, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A reversible gate maps each output vector into a unique input vector and vice versa. The importance of reversible logic lies in the technological necessity that most "near-future" and all long-term future technologies will have to use reversible gates in order to reduce power. In this paper, a new generalized k*k reversible gate family is proposed. A synthesis method for multi-output (factorized) ESOP using cascades of the new gate family is presented. For utilizing the benefit of product sharing among the ESOPs, two graph-based data structures -connectivity tree and implementation graph are used. Experimental results with some MCNC benchmark functions …

Under The Plastic: A Quantitative Look At Dvd Video Encoding And Its Impact On Video Modeling, Wu-Chi Feng, Jin Choi, Wu-Chang Feng, Jonathan Walpole

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, we examine the DVD encoding process and the implications this process has video modeling and network traffic analysis. We have assembled a system that allows us to extract the video data from the DVDs as they were encoded for distribution. Analyzing the resulting video trace data, we describe how DVD encodings have evolved over time. In addition, our findings show that the underlying video content is fundamentally different than those produced by basic consumer video capture boards. We demonstrate how this affects current video modeling proposals and their affect on network traffic characterization. This research is based …

Modeling Intracranial Fluid Flows And Volumes During Traumatic Brain Injury To Better Understand Pressure Dynamics, Wayne W. Wakeland, James Mcnames, Mateo Aboy, D. Hollemon, Brahm Goldstein

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

See additional files below for the Presentation.

We describe a computer model of intracranial pressure (ICP) dynamics that evaluates clinical treatment options for elevated ICP during traumatic brain injury (TBI). The model uses fluid volumes as primary state variables and explicitly models fluid flows as well as the resistance, compliance, and pressure associated with each intra - and extracranial compartment (arteries and arterioles, capillary bed, veins, venous sinus, ventricles, and brain parenchyma). The model evaluates clinical events and therapies such as intra - and extra-parenchymal hemorrhage, cerebral edema, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, mannitol administration, head elevation, and mild hyperventilation. The model …

Particle Trapping In Stratified Estuaries - Definition Of A Parameter Space, David A. Jay, Philip M. Orton, Thomas A. Chisholm, Douglas J. Wilson, Annika M. Fain, John Mcginity

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) retain suspended particulate matter (SPM) through advection, settling, aggregation and non-linearities in bed processes. This contribution defines for the first time a parameter space descriptive of ETM water-column particle trapping processes through a scaling analysis of the local and integral SPM balances. In the absence of long-term deposition, there are five primary parameters for the large particles or aggregates that are typically trapped. Rouse number P, the ratio of settling velocity WS of the SPM relative to the shear velocity U*, describes the material trapped in the ETM in terms of the local vertical balance between …

Use Of Dea To Evaluate Non-Linear And Imprecise Information In Construction Contractor Performance, Gerald H. Williams, Timothy R. Anderson

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper explores the use of Data Envelopment Analysis as a tool to evaluate the efficiency of building construction projects in Oregon where the inputs, including, "reported information" available prior to pricing and contractor selection is imprecise or at least, cannot be entirely or accurately captured by exogenous measures. This work builds on prior work in the field that evaluated missing, imprecise or non-existent information in DEA models and has broad application to the service sector of the economy where information is the prime input in the system.

Educating The Guess: Strategies, Concepts And Tools For The Fuzzy Front End Of Product Development, Antonie J. Jetter

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Many companies lack efficient management of the early phases of new product development (NPD) - the socalled fuzzy front end (FFE). Rather than on structured methods, decision makers rely on ?gut ?feel? or ?guessing?. In an attempt to ?educate the guess? this paper discusses the activities and challenges of the FFE, as well as strategies to manage them successfully. It then briefly presents traditional and recent approaches to front-end management support. Based on the identified strengths and weaknesses of existing front-end solutions, the framework of a new management support system for the FFE is presented. Conceptually, the system is based …

A Multi-Class Suspended Particulate Matter Calibration For Bottom Boundary Layers, Philip M. Orton, David A. Jay, D. J. Wilson

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a multi-class suspended particulate matter (SPM) calibration for use with in situ water sample SPM concentration data and backscatter (or transmission) from one or more acoustic and optical sensors. The output of this calibration is high-resolution SPM concentration data in several discrete settling velocity (Ws) classes. Separately for each sensor, the calibration involves three steps: (1) a calibration of backscatter to total SPM concentration; (2) a decomposition of resulting concentration data into several Wsclasses, utilizing a dynamical vertical SPM profile model; and (3) a sensor bias calibration where water sample concentration data are used to correct for the …

Upper Spokane River Model: Model Calibration, 2001, Chris Berger, Robert Leslie Annear, Benjamin Welle

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Upper Spokane River system under consideration is located in the Northeastern part of Washington State and runs from the Stateline with Idaho, River mile (RM) 96.0, downstream to Long Lake dam at RM 32.5. Figure 1 shows the river system and an outline the boundaries of the City of Spokane.

The Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) is interested in a water quality model for the Upper Spokane River system for use in developing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). As a result, Ecology and the Corps of Engineers funded a study to develop a water quality and hydrodynamic model of …

Source Motion Mitigation For Adaptive Matched Field Processing, Lisa M. Zurk, Nigel Lee, James Ward

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Application of adaptive matched field processing to the problem of detecting quiet targets in shallow water is complicated by source motion, both the motion of the target and the motion of discrete interferers. Target motion causes spreading of the target peak, thereby reducing output signal power. Interferer motion increases the dimensionality of the interference subspace, reducing adaptive interference suppression. This paper presents three techniques that mitigate source motion problems in adaptive matched field processing. The first involves rank reduction, which enables adaptive weight computation over short observation intervals where motion effects are less pronounced. The other two techniques specifically compensate …

A Hierarchical Approach To Computer-Aided Design Of Quantum Circuits, Marek Perkowski, Martin Lukac, Pawel Kerntopf, Mikhail Pivtoraiko, Michele Folgheraiter, Yong Woo Choi, Jung-Wook Kim, Dongsoo Lee, Woong Hwangbo, Hyungock Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A new approach to synthesis of permutation class of quantum logic circuits has been proposed in this paper. This approach produces better results than the previous approaches based on classical reversible logic and can be easier tuned to any particular quantum technology such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). First we synthesize a library of permutation (pseudobinary) gates using a Computer-Aided-Design approach that links evolutionary and combinatorics approaches with human experience and creativity. Next the circuit is designed using these gates and standard 1*1 and 2*2 quantum gates and finally the optimizing tautological transforms are applied to the circuit, producing a …

Use Of Machine Learning Based On Constructive Induction In Dialogs With Robotic Heads, Marek Perkowski, Tsutomu Sasao, Atsumu Iseno, Uland Wong, Martin Lukac, David Ng, Miranda Fix, Karl Kuchs, Mikhail Pivtoraiko, Michele Folgheraiter

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Paper presents our research progress and experiences related to designing inexpensive natural-size humanoid caricature and realistic robot heads - actors for robot theatre, agents for advertisement, education and entertainment. We concentrate on Machine Learning techniques used to teach robots behaviors, natural language dialogs and facial gestures.

Reversible Logic Synthesis With Cascades Of New Family Of Gates, Mozammel H.A. Khan, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reversible circuits are currently on of top approaches to power minimization and the one whose importance will be only growing with time. In this paper, the well known Feynman gate is generalized to k*k gate and a new generalized k*k family of reversible gates is proposed. A synthesis method for multi-output SOP function using cascades of the new gate family is presented. For utilizing the benefit of product sharing among the output functions, two graph-based data structures are used. Another synthesis method for AND-OR-EXOR function using cascades of the new gate family and generalized Feynman gate is also presented. Synthesis …

Biology Goes Digital: An Array Of 5,700 Spartan Fpgas Brings The Biowall To "Life", Christof Teuscher, Gianluca Tempesti

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A unique, scientific research instrument and art piece, the BioWall models bio-inspired electronic tissues capable of evolution, selfrepair, self-replication – and learning. Much pure and applied scientific research has focused on replicating biological functions in digital hardware. Here, at the Logic Systems Laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), we have utilized 5,700 Xilinx Spartan™ FPGAs, in multiple configurations, to build bio-inspired computing machines that exploit three essential biological models: • Phylogenesis – the history of the evolution of the species • Ontogenesis – the development of an individual as directed by his genetic code • …

Upper Spokane River Model: Boundary Conditions And Model Setup, 2001, Spencer Slominski, Robert Leslie Annear, Chris Berger, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Washington Department of Ecology is interested in a water quality model for the Upper Spokane River system for use in developing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). The goals of this modeling effort are to:

• Gather data to construct a computer simulation model of the Spokane River system including Long Lake Reservoir and the pools behind Nine Mile dam, Upper Falls dam and Upriver dam for 2001 based on the calibration conducted for 1991 and 2000 data sets, (Annear et al, 2001).

• Ensure that the model accurately represents the system hydrodynamics and water quality (flow, temperature, dissolved oxygen …

A Performance Study Of Lam And Mpich On An Smp Cluster, Brian Patrick Kearns

Dissertations and Theses

Many universities and research laboratories have developed low cost clusters, built from Commodity-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components and running mostly free software. Research has shown that these types of systems are well-equipped to handle many problems requiring parallel processing. The primary components of clusters are hardware, networking, and system software. An important system software consideration for clusters is the choice of the message passing library.

MPI (Message Passing Interface) has arguably become the most widely used message passing library on clusters and other parallel architectures, due in part to its existence as a standard. As a standard, MPI is open for anyone …

Source Localization In A Time-Varying Ocean Waveguide, Cristiano Soares, Martin Siderius, Sérgio M. Jesus

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

One of the most stringent impairments in matched-field processing is the impact of missing or erroneous environmental information on the final source location estimate. This problem is known in the literature as model mismatch and is strongly frequency dependent. Another unavoidable factor that contributes to model mismatch is the natural time and spatial variability of the ocean waveguide. As a consequence, most of the experimental results obtained to date focus on short source-receiver ranges (usually <5 >km), stationary sources, reduced time windows and frequencies generally below 600 Hz. This paper shows that MFP source localization can be made robust to time–space …

Tmdls: Statistical Correlations Or Mechanistic Modeling?, Scott A. Wells, Thomas M. Cole

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In developing TMDL waste-load allocations for the Snake River-Reservoir system in Western Idaho and Eastern Oregon, determinations of the assimilative capacity of the system and the impact of pollutant reduction strategies has been performed using both a statistical-correlation approach and a mechanistic modeling approach. The system included the Lower Snake River, Brownlee Reservoir, Oxbow Reservoir, and Hells Canyon Reservoir with the focus was on Brownlee Reservoir.

The statistical approach used on Brownlee Reservoir divided the system into riverine and lacustrine zones. Field data were then averaged over season and location to provide statistical correlations, such as between total phosphorus (TP) …

A Lessons Learned Repository For Computer Forensics, Warren Harrison, George Heuston, Mark Morrissey, David Aucsmith, Sarah Mocas, Steve Russelle

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Law Enforcement community possesses a large, but informal, community memory with respect to digital forensics. Large, because the experiences of every forensics technician and investigator contribute to the whole. Informal because there is seldom an explicit mechanism for disseminating this wisdom except “over the water cooler”. As a consequence, the same problems and mistakes continue to resurface and the same solutions are re-invented. In order to better exploit this informal collection of wisdom, the key points of each experience can be placed into a Repository for later dissemination. We describe a web-based Lessons Learned Repository (LLR) that facilitates contribution …

Recurring Beams In Hollow Metal Waveguides: Paraxial Approximation, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

For optical and near-optical applications in electromagnetics, the directed propagation of waves in free space and in lenslike media is often in the Cartesian form of Gaussian or more general Hermite-sinusoidal-Gaussian beams. It has been shown that recurring (rather than continuing) forms of such beams are possible in the paraxial approximation for certain hollow metal waveguides, in which multiple reflections from the waveguide walls may occur. Limitations on this recurrence behavior implicit in use of the paraxial approximation are considered here, and estimates are obtained for the maximum propagation distance before the onset of significant distortion of the recurring beams.

Range-Dependent Seabed Characterization By Inversion Of Acoustic Data From A Towed Receiver Array, Martin Siderius, Peter L. Nielsen, Peter Gerstoft

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The MAPEX2000 experiments were conducted in the Mediterranean Sea in March, 2000 to determine seabed properties using a towed acoustic source and receiver array. Towed systems are advantageous because they are easy to deploy from a ship and the moving platform offers the possibility for estimating spatially variable (range-dependent) seabed properties. In this paper, seabed parameters are determined using a matched-field geoacoustic inversion approach with measured, towed array data. Previous research has successfully applied matched-field geoacoustic inversion techniques to measured acoustic data. However, in nearly all cases the inverted data were collected on moored, vertical receiver arrays. Results here show …

Performance Analysis Of A Maximum-Likelihood Speckle Motion Estimator, Donald D. Duncan, Sean J. Kirkpatrick

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Presented herein is a performance analysis of a maximum likelihood estimator for calculating small speckle motions. Such estimators are important in a variety of speckle techniques used in non-destructive evaluation. The analysis characterizes the performance (bias and RMS deviation) of the estimator as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. This SNR parameter is a convenient surrogate for decorrelation of sequential speckle patterns such as are seen in biological tissues. Although the particular estimator is predicated on speckle motions that are a small fraction of a pixel, accurate performance is demonstrated for instantaneous motions of up to ±0.8 pixel/record. Beyond this …

A New Approach To Robot’S Imitation Of Behaviors By Decomposition Of Multiple-Valued Relations, Uland Wong, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Relation decomposition has been used for FPGA mapping, layout optimization, and data mining. Decision trees are very popular in data mining and robotics. We present relation decomposition as a new general-purpose machine learning method which generalizes the methods of inducing decision trees, decision diagrams and other structures. Relation decomposition can be used in robotics also in place of classical learning methods such as Reinforcement Learning or Artificial Neural Networks. This paper presents an approach to imitation learning based on decomposition. A Head/Hand robot learns simple behaviors using features extracted from computer vision, speech recognition and sensors.

Automated Synthesis Of Generalized Reversible Cascades Using Genetic Algorithms, Martin Lukac, Mikhail Pivtoraiko, Alan Mishchenko, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We propose an automated synthesis of Reversible logic (RL) circuits using Darwinian and Lamarckian Genetic Algorithms (GA). Our designs are in a form of cascades of generalized gates which generalize factorized Exclusive-Or-Sum-of-Products (ESOP) circuits. GA can be used to explore the problem space of combinational functions and here it is used to evolve reversible logic circuits. We emphasize the role of problem encoding - a well-designed encoding leads to improved results. Our method with well-encoded circuits is compared to standard method on classical benchmarks in GA, and shows good results for synthesis of both random functions and benchmark functions with …

Evolving Quantum Circuits And An Fpga-Based Quantum Computing Emulator, Goran Negovetic, Marek Perkowski, Martin Lukac, Andrzej Buller

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The goal of the PQLG group is to develop complete methodologies, software tools and circuits for quantum logic. Our interests are mainly in logic synthesis for quantum circuits and quantum system design [10]. Emulation of quantum circuits using standard reconfigurable FPGA technology and FPGA-based Evolvable Quantum Hardware, proposed here, are research areas not yet dealt with by other research groups. A parallel software simulator was presented in [13].

Logic Synthesis For Regular Layout Using Satisfiability, Marek Perkowski, Alan Mishchenko

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, we propose a regular layout geometry called 3×3 lattice. The main difference of this geometry compared to the known 2×2 regular layout geometry is that it allows the cofactors on a level to propagate to three rather than two nodes on the lower level. This gives additional freedom to synthesize compact functional representations. We propose a SAT-based algorithm, which exploits this freedom to synthesize 3×3 lattice representations of completely specified Boolean functions. The experimental results show that the algorithm generates compact layouts in reasonable time.

Content Aware Request Distribution For High Performance Web Service: A Performance Study, Robert M. Jones

Dissertations and Theses

The World Wide Web is becoming a basic infrastructure for a variety of services, and the increases in audience size and client network bandwidth create service demands that are outpacing server capacity. Web clusters are one solution to this need for high performance, highly available web server systems. We are interested in load distribution techniques, specifically Layer-7 algorithms that are content-aware. Layer-7 algorithms allow distribution control based on the specific content requested, which is advantageous for a system that offers highly heterogenous services. We examine the performance of the Client Aware Policy (CAP) on a Linux/Apache web cluster consisting of …

Turing Day : 90Ème Anniversaire De La Naissance De Alan Mathison Turing, Christof Teuscher

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A brief statement on the life work and significance of computing pioneer Alan Turing, on the 90th anniversary of his birth.

Further Examination Of Moore's Law With Data Envelopment Analysis, Timothy R. Anderson, Rolf Färe, Shawna Grosskopf, Lane Inman, Xiaoyu Song

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although it has stood the test of time for over 30 years, Moore's Law addresses but a single aspect of microprocessor design. As a proxy for technology, the number of transistors in an integrated circuit represents a limited perspective on the technology as a whole. Anderson et al. proposed a set of metrics by which to measure a technology, and a means to measure its progress over time utilizing data envelopment analysis. In this revised model, the assumption of state of the art (SOA) on product release is dropped, technical progress is measured iteratively over time, the effective time elapsed …