Engineering Commons^™

Creating Clinically Useful In Silico Models Of Intracranial Pressure Dynamics, Wayne W. Wakeland, Joe Fusion, Brahm Goldstein

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

To create clinically useful computer simulation models of intracranial pressure (ICP) dynamics by using prospective clinical data to estimate subject-specific physiologic parameters.

Making Sense Of Nanocrystal Lattice Fringes, P. Fraundorf, Wentao Qin, Peter Moeck, Eric Mandell

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The orientation dependence of thin-crystal lattice fringes can be gracefully quantified using fringe-visibility maps, a direct-space analog of Kikuchi maps [Nishikawa and Kikuchi, Nature (London) 121, 1019 (1928)]. As in navigation of reciprocal space with the aid of Kikuchi lines, fringe-visibility maps facilitate acquisition of crystallographic information from lattice images. In particular, these maps can help researchers to determine the three-dimensional lattice of individual nanocrystals, to 'fringe-fingerprint' collections of randomly oriented particles, and to measure local specimen thickness with only a modest tilt. Since the number of fringes in an image increases with maximum spatial-frequency squared, these strategies (with help …

Salmon At River's End: The Role Of The Estuary In The Decline And Recovery Of Columbia River Salmon, Daniel L. Bottom, Charles A. Simenstad, Jennifer Burke, Antonio M. Baptista, David A. Jay, Kim K. Jone, Edmundo Casillas, Michael H. Schiewe

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The continued decline of Columbia River salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations has long focused concerns on habitat changes upriver, particularly the effects of large hydroelectric dams. Increasing evidence that ocean conditions strongly influence salmon production, however, has raised questions about the importance of the estuarine environment to salmon and whether the hydropower system has affected estuarine-rearing habitats. In response to Northwest Power Planning Council recommendations, we initiated a review of what is known about the effects of the hydroelectric system on the hydrology, habitats, and ecology of the Columbia River estuary. Our goal was to develop recommendations for improving estuarine conditions …

Estimation Of Columbia River Virgin Flow: 1879 To 1928, Pradeep K. Naik, David A. Jay

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Columbia River has historically been a major source of economic activity for the Pacific Northwest, and is one of the more heavily modified rivers in the United States today. Understanding human and climate-induced changes in its hydrologic properties is, therefore, a topic of considerable interest. Long streamflow records are essential to determining how runoff has changed over time. Daily streamflow records of the Columbia River at The Dalles dates back to June 1978. However, the observed daily flow does not alone provide enough information to understand or separate anthropogenic and climate effects. It is necessary also to have an …

Measuring The Impacts Of Speed Reduction Technologies: Evaluation Of Dynamic Advanced Curve Warning System, Christopher Monsere, Casey Nolan, Robert Bertini, Edward Anderson, Tarek El-Seoud

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents the results of a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a dynamic curve warning System deployed at one site on Interstate 5 in Oregon. On a dynamic message sign, the System displays messages directed to drivers on the basis of the observed speed of approaching vehicles. For the evaluation, three measures of effectiveness were selected: (a) the change in mean speed for passenger cars and commercial vehicles, (b) the change in the speed distribution for both passenger cars and trucks, and (c) public response to the sign. Speed samples were taken of vehicles with a laser ranging and …

Using Custom Transportation Data Collection Software With Handheld Computers For Education, Research, And Practice, Robert Bertini, Christopher Monsere, Andrew Byrd, Michael Rose, Tarek El-Seoud

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In an effort to facilitate data collection for research, give students first-hand experience collecting data for course projects, and generate interest in the transportation field through outreach, the Intelligent Transportation Systems Laboratory of Portland State University, Oregon, has developed custom data collection software for handheld computers using the Palm OS platform. The software is designed to export the collected data to desktop computers in common file formats suitable for analysis in spreadsheet and geographic information systems applications. Data collection problems addressed include recording position over time, recording geographic location of features, and performing cumulative vehicle or pedestrian counts.

Do Maps Guide The Way To Npd Success? Theoretical And Practical Aspects Of Knowledge Mapping In Product Development, Antonie J, Jetter

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

New product development success largely depends on the ability to combine newly acquired information on customer demands and technological options with knowledge that exists within the company. Project organization and high employee turnover, however, make it difficult to be informed about what knowledge is available within the company and to access it successfully. Knowledge maps, a popular concept in present knowledge management, offer a possible solution by ?guiding the way to knowledge?. Their purpose, structure and content varies greatly, as does their ability to capture different aspects of knowledge. This paper investigates the theoretical basis of different types of knowledge …

The Quest For Novel Computational Paradigms And Machines, Christof Teuscher

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The quest for novel and unconventional computing machines is mainly motivated by the man-machine dichotomy and by the belief that meeting tomorrow's complex real world challenges will require new paradigms and new engineering methods to organize, train, and program such machines and to interact with them.

Depth-Shifting Of Shallow Water Guide Source Observations, Lisa M. Zurk, Brian H. Tracey

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In theory, matched field processing offers the significant benefit of higher signal gains and increased localization capability. However, this has not been robustly observed in practice because of inherent uncertainties about details of the shallow water propagation environments which limit the prediction of the channel response. The use of guide sources to directly measure the transfer function between source and receiver arrays has been proposed as a means for reducing mismatch. However, the guide source measurement only provides a measured transfer function at the guide source location. In this paper a method of depth-shifting guide source observations is proposed, making …

Synthesis Of Ternary Quantum Logic Circuits By Decomposition, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent research in multi-valued logic for quantum computing has shown practical advantages for scaling up a quantum computer. [1,12] Multivalued quantum systems have also been used in the framework of quantum cryptography, [4] and the concept of a qudit cluster state has been proposed by generalizing the qubit cluster state. [5] An evolutionary algorithm based synthesizer for ternary quantum circuits has recently been presented, [2] as well as a synthesis method based on matrix factorization [3].In this paper, a recursive synthesis method for ternary quantum circuits based on the Cosine-Sine unitary matrix decomposition is presented.

Effects Of Focusing-Beam Field Variations On The Stability Of Laser Oscillators, Pitak Chenkosol, Lee W. Casperson

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Semiclassical models for the dynamical behavior of single-longitudinal-mode, homogeneously broadened, unidirectional ring-laser oscillators have long been available. However, in most of these models the beam's cross section is assumed to be independent of longitudinal position in the laser, while in practical laser systems it is common for the diameter to vary with position. A model for lasers with focusing-beam field variations is developed here. Linear stability analysis shows that higher values of excitation are required to reach the type 1 instability threshold for lasers with longitudinal variations of the beam diameter than for the uniform plane-wave laser model.

Open Source Software For Commercial Off-The-Shelf Gps Receivers, Andrew Greenberg

Dissertations and Theses

Inexpensive and commercially available Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can be used in novel applications, such as nanosatellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by modifying the receiver's software. Unfortunately, typical GPS software development systems cost tens of thousands of dollars and have restrictive license agreements, such as non-disclosure agreements, for both their hardware and software. This thesis describes the design and construction of an open source GPS receiver development system that addresses these unnecessary restrictions. For the first time, any developer with a PC, a commercially available GPS receiver, and this development system can quickly and easily develop software for …

Decadal-Scale Changes In West Coast Shelf Internal Tides (The Tides, They Are A Changin'), David A. Jay, Thomas A. Chisholm, A. Krause, K. Leffler

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Co-OP (Coastal Ocean Program) Project RISE (River-Influenced Shelf Ecosystems) seeks to understand how primary and secondary productivity are enhanced by large river plumes in upwelling regions, using the Columbia River plume as a case study. Columbia River plume waters are rich in silicate and iron, but relatively depleted in nitrate. Mixing of nitrate-rich upwelled water with the plume is, therefore, important to plume primary production. Large internal tidal currents cause part of the necessary mixing. Accordingly, any long-term changes in these internal tides could impact productivity. Because no decadal-scale current observations are available to evaluate …

Testing A Quantum Computer, Marek Perkowski, Jacob D. Biamonte

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We address the problem of quantum test set generation using measurement from a single basis and the single fault model. Experimental physicists currently test quantum circuits exhaustively, meaning that each n-bit permutative circuit requires ζ x 2n tests to assure functionality, and for an m stage permutative circuit proven not to function properly the current method requires ζ x 2n x m tests as the upper bound for fault localization, where zeta varies with physical implementation. Indeed, the exhaustive methods complexity grows exponentially with the number of qubits, proportionally to the number of stages in a quantum circuit and directly …

Willamette River Basin Temperature Tmdl Model: Model Calibration, Chris Berger, Michael Lee Mckillip, Robert Leslie Annear, Sher Jamal Khan, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is developing a TMDL for temperature in the Willamette River basin shown in Figure 1. The study area included the Willamette River and all major tributaries (except the Tualatin River where a TMDL process was already concluded). A large section of the Columbia River was also modeled to provide adequate boundary representation of tidal flows in the lower Willamette River. The Willamette River below the Oregon City Falls in the Portland metropolitan area has a typical diurnal tidal range of 1 m. The development of a dynamic model of temperature and …

Green River Ce-Qual-W2 Project: A Hydrodynamic And Water Quality Study Of The Green River King County, Washington, Tim Kraft, Robert Leslie Annear, Chris Berger, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This report describes the data processing and model calibration performed for a hydrodynamic and water quality model of the Green River, located in King County, Washington. Figure 1 shows the location of the river, and the limits of the section of river that was modeled.

The Green River flows from its headwaters in the Cascade Mountain foothills through the King County, Washington communities of Auburn, Kent, and Tukwila before discharging into the Duwamish River. Two sections of the river were modeled in this project. The Middle Green River begins in the Cascade Mountain foothills east of Tacoma, and continues downstream …

Teabag: A Debugger For Curry, Stephen Lee Johnson

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis describes TeaBag, which is a debugger for functional logic computations. TeaBag is an accessory of a virtual machine currently under development. A distinctive feature of this machine is its operational completeness of computations, which places novel demands on a debugger. This thesis describes the features of TeaBag, in particular the handling of non-determinism, the ability to control nondeterministic steps, to remove context information, to toggle eager evaluation, and to set breakpoints on both functions and terms. This thesis also describes TeaBag's architecture and its interaction with the associated virtual machine. Finally, some debugging sessions of defective programs are …

Fault Localization In Reversible Circuits Is Easier Than For Classical Circuits, Kavitha Ramasamy, Radhika Tagare, Edward Perkins, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

There is recently an interest in test generation for reversible circuits, but nothing has been published about fault localization in such circuits. This paper deals with fault localization for binary reversible (permutative) circuits. We concentrate on functional test based fault localization, to detect and locate “stuck-at” faults in a reversible circuit by creating an adaptive tree. A striking property of reversible circuits is that they exhibit “symmetric” adaptive trees. This helps considerably by being able to generate only half of the tree, and the other half is created as the mirror image of the first half. Because each test covers …

Logic Synthesis For Layout Regularity Using Decision Diagrams, Malgorzata Chrzanowska-Jeske, Alan Mishchenko, Jinsong Zhang, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents a methodology for logic synthesis of Boolean functions in the form of regular structures that can be mapped into standard cells or programmable devices. Regularity offers an elegant solution to hard problems arising in layout and test generation, at no extra cost or at the cost of increasing the number of gates, which does not always translate into the increase of circuit area. Previous attempts to synthesize logic into regular structures using decision diagrams suffered from an increase in the number of logic levels due to multiple repetitions of control variables. This paper proposes new techniques, which …

Prediction Of Growth Factor Effects On Engineered Cartilage Composition Using Deterministic And Stochastic Modeling, Sean S. Kohles, Asit K. Saha, J. (Jagannath) Mazumdar

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the design of engineered tissues, guided balance of biomaterial degeneration with tissue synthesis offers refined control of construct development. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model that describes the steady state metabolism of extracellular matrix molecules (ECM: glycosaminoglycan and collagen) in an engineered cartilage construct taking into account localized environmental changes that may arise because of the application of growth factors. The variable effects of growth factors were incorporated in the form of random noise rather than the difference in rates of synthesis and catabolism. Thus, the frequency of ECM accumulation for each matrix molecule …

Deterministic And Probabilistic Test Generation For Binary And Ternary Quantum Circuits, Sowmya Aligala, Sreecharani Ratakonda, Kiran Narayan, Kanagalakshmi Nagarajan, Martin Lukac, Jacob D. Biamonte, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

It is believed that quantum computing will begin to have an impact around year 2010. Much work is done on physical realization and synthesis of quantum circuits, but nothing so far on the problem of generating tests and localization of faults for such circuits. Even fault models for quantum circuits have been not formulated yet. We propose an approach to test generation for a wide category of fault models of single and multiple faults. It uses deterministic and probabilistic tests to detect faults. A Fault Table is created that includes probabilistic information. If possible, deterministic tests are first selected, while …

Willamette River Basin Temperature Tmdl Model: Model Scenarios, Robert Leslie Annear, Michael Lee Mckillip, Sher Jamal Khan, Chris Berger, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is developing a TMDL for temperature in the Willamette River basin shown in Figure 1. The study area included the Willamette River and all major tributaries (except the Tualatin River where a TMDL process was already concluded). A large section of the Columbia River was also modeled to provide adequate boundary representation of tidal flows in the lower Willamette River. The Willamette River below the Oregon City Falls in the Portland metropolitan area has a typical diurnal tidal range of 1 m. The development of a dynamic model of temperature and …

Tfdea: A New Approach For Technology Forecasting Of New Product Development Targets, Lane Inman, Timothy R. Anderson

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Presentation delivered at the Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET ?04), focusing on use of data envelopment analysis for technology forecasting.

An Integer-Programming Model For Assigning Projects To Project Managers, Peerasit Patanakul, Dragan Milošević, Timothy R. Anderson

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study proposes an integer-programming model as a systematic methodology for assigning projects to project managers (project manager assignments). This model is a valuable extension of the existing methodologies in the literature since it considers the strategic elements of an organization and organizational/personal limitations in project manager assignments in addition to project requirements and competencies of project managers as being considered in the existing methodologies. By using this proposed model, management can assign projects to project managers in a way that contributes to the project and organizational performance.

Using Optimization To Calibrate Models Of Intracranial Pressure Dynamics To Patients With Intracranial Hypertension, Wayne W. Wakeland, A. Bulbul, Mateo Aboy, James Mcnames, Brahm Goldstein

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Aim: Automatically calibrate ICP Dynamic model to a specific patients.

Method: Use optimization algorithm to estimate parameter values (ICP, compliances, resistances) that minimize the squared error in predicted ICP.

Results: Estimated parameter values are plausible and improve predicted ICP. Optimization time for 18 minute episode = 2.5 min. for 1 parameter, 10 to 200 min. for multiple simultaneous parameters (too long).

A Comparison Of System Dynamics And Agent-Based Simulationapplied To The Study Of Cellular Receptor Dynamics, Wayne W. Wakeland, Edward J. Gallaher, Louis Macovsky, C. Athena Aktipis

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cellular receptor dynamics are often analyzed using differential equations, making system dynamics (SD) a candidate methodology. In some cases it may be useful to model the phenomena at the biomolecular level, especially when concentrations and reaction probabilities are low and might lead to unexpected behavior modes. In such cases, agent-based simulation (ABS) may be useful. We show the application of both SD and ABS to simulate non-equilibrium ligand-receptor dynamics over a broad range of concentrations, where the probability of interaction varies from low to very low. Both approaches offer much to the researcher and are complementary. We did not find …

Calibrating An Intracranial Pressure Dynamics Model With Clinical Data - A Progress Report, Wayne W. Wakeland, James Mcnames, Brahm Goldstein

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

We describe the calibration of a computer model of intracranial pressure (ICP) dynamics to correspond with annotated clinical data taken from a patient being treated for elevated ICP due to a traumatic brain injury. The research protocol employed during treatment includes adjusting the elevation of the head of the bed, adjusting the ventilator settings to induce mild hyperventilation and hypoventilation, and adjusting the height of the cerebrospinal fluid drainage system. The model behavior corresponds to the experimental data quite well in the case of the changing the head of the bed, but less well in the case of changing the …

Reconstructability Analysis: Theory And Applications [Editorial Introduction], Martin Zwick, Guangfu Shu, Yi Lin

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reconstructability analysis (RA) dates back to the pioneering work of Ashby in the mid-1960s. In the 1970s and 1980s, RA was the subject of very active research in the systems community. It receded for a time as a focus of activity, but the special issue of the International Journal of General Systems in 1996 on the General Systems Problem Solver and the special IJGS issue in 2000 on Reconstructability Analysis in China marked the renewal of interest in this area. The current volume is part of this resurgence of activity. It collects together papers from the group at Portland State …

Review Of Spokane River Model For Washington Department Of Ecology, Chris Berger, Robert Leslie Annear, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This memorandum discusses changes made to the Spokane River model calibration since the original calibration of the model discussed in the following reports: Annear et al. (2001), Berger at al. (2002), Slominski et al. (2002), and Berger et al. (2003). The first group of refinements was made by the Washington Department of Ecology. Additional changes were made by Portland State University (PSU) and were discussed in this report along with the results of two alternative calibrations. The last section displays the original calibration results from Berger et al. (2003) as a basis for comparison to the changes made by Ecology …

Willamette River Basin Temperature Tmdl Model: Boundary Conditions And Model Setup, Robert Leslie Annear, Michael Lee Mckillip, Sher Jamal Khan, Chris Berger, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is developing a TMDL for temperature in the Willamette River basin shown in Figure 1. The study area included the Willamette River and all major tributaries (except the Tualatin River where a TMDL process was already concluded). A large section of the Columbia River was also modeled to provide adequate boundary representation of tidal flows in the lower Willamette River. The Willamette River below the Oregon City Falls in the Portland metropolitan area has a typical diurnal tidal range of 1 m. The development of a dynamic model of temperature and …