Engineering Commons^™

Implementation Of A Friction Estimation And Compensation Technique, Jayesh N. Amin

Theses

This thesis reports implementation of a friction estimation and compensation technique on a special laboratory apparatus. In this work, experimental results are reported for the Coulomb friction observer.

The Coulomb friction observer estimates the total friction present in a system, assuming it to be a constant function of velocity. An extension of the observer, utilizing a coupled velocity observer, is used when velocity is not measurable. A modification to the velocity observer is also implemented. Experimental results show a remarkable improvement in the friction estimates which are also compared to the actual friction measurements. The estimates are qualitatively similar to …

Sensivity Analysis And Design Calculations With Biofiltration Models, Michael Lawrence Cohen

Theses

Biofiltration is a new technology for biological treatment of volatile organic compounds present in airstreams. It is a complex process and thus, engineering models which attempt to describe it are by necessity very involved and contain a large number of parameters.

In this study, two models describing biofiltration of airstreams carrying a single pollutant (VOC) were used in detailed parameter-sensitivity studies. One model concerned biofiltration under steady-state conditions, while the second described the transient behavior of the process. The intent of the sensitivity studies was to determine which model parameters need to be known with accuracy in order to allow …

Comparison Of Reductive Dehalogenation By Microbial Populations On Adsorptive Versus Non-Adsorptive Bioreactor Support Materials, Linda S. Colella

Theses

The overall performance of two bioreactors was studied. The reactor with a wood-based activated carbon as a biosupport completely dehalogenated a higher feed concentration of trichlorophenol than that with Manville beads. The carbon reactor was further characterized by the development of adsorption isotherms for most of the class of chlorophenols. Competitive adsorption wag investigated using an anaerobic medium, and a lignite-based carbon was studied for comparison. The order of adsorption strength on both carbons is trichloropenols> dichlorophenols> monochlorophenols, with the wood-based carbon having higher overall adsorption than the lignite-based carbon. The presence of the anaerobic medium decreased the extent of …

Adaptive Radar In Heterogeneous Environment, Albert Futernik

Theses

Radar performance in heterogeneous clutter has been a much studied topic. In all the studies so far, various forms of the sample matrix inversion (SMI) technique where used to calculate the weight vector of the processor. In this thesis an eigenanalysis-based technique known as the eigencanceler, is used. Performance of this technique is compared to the performance of the generalized likelihood ration (GLR) processor. This comparison is done using the clutter edge model, in which there is an abrupt change in the clutter power in the reference window. It is shown that the false alarm rate fluctuations, of the cell …

Design For Quality Manufacturability Analysis Of Total Nonconformity Damaged Parts, Samir R. Gami

Theses

The competitive nature of modern manufacturing, demands that innovative approaches be applied in order to have a competitive edge. Shortening the product development cycle, the period from initial design to full production, is a priority for most manufacturers today. The DFQM methodology addresses the issue of quality manufacturability (QM) - the likelihood that defects will occur during manufacture of a product in a standard plant. As a consequence, DFQM helps to shorten the design cycle time. The DFQM architecture identifies a variety of design factors and variables that influence specific defects. This process of influencing defects can be described by …

Small Computer System Interface (Scsi) Universal Services For The Turbonet Parallel Computer, Artak Ohan Melkonian

Theses

TurboNet is a parallel computer with shared-memory and message-passing hybrid architecture. It employs two boards, with four digital signal processors (DSPs) each, and a host FORCE SPARC CPU-2CE board with a SCSI bus.

Software has been developed in this thesis to provide SCSI services to programs running on the DSPs. DSP programs can therefore fully control assigned SCSI devices at the SCSI command level. Transfer control modifiers ensure compatibility with most SCSI devices.

The software provides service for three SCSI access levels. The "su" SCSI universal device driver is built into the host computer's kernel and is a gateway to …

Characterization Of Low Pressure Chemically Vapor Deposited Boron Nitride Films As Low Dielectric Constant Materials, Manish Narayan

Theses

Boron nitride thin films were synthesized on Si and quartz wafers by low pressure chemical vapor deposition using borane triethylamine complex and ammonia as precursors. The films were processed at 400°C, 475°C and 550°C at a constant pressure of 0.5 Torr and at different precursor flow ratios.

The films deposited were uniform, amorphous and the composition of the films varied with deposition temperature and precursor flow ratios. The thickness of the film increased with increasing flow ratio, but, decreased with increasing temperature. The stresses in the film were either mildly tensile or compressive.

The least dielectric constant for the films …

A Comparative Study Of Image Compress Schemes, Kui Wang

Theses

Image compression is an important and active area of signal processing. All popular image compression techniques consist of three stages: Image transformation, quantization (lossy compression only), and lossless coding (of quantized transform coefficients).

This thesis deals with a comparative study of several lossy image compression techniques. First, it reviews the well-known techniques of each stage. Starting with the first stage, the techniques of orthogonal block transformation and subband transform are described in detail. Then the quantization stage is described, followed by a brief review of the techniques for the third stage, lossless coding.

Then these different image compression techniques are …

Determination Of Physical Parameters Affecting Biofiltration Of Vocs, Steven Matthew Wojdyla

Theses

This study dealt with the determination of physical and design parameters affecting the transient behavior of classical biofilters employed in removal of VOCs from airstreams. The column packing material consisted of a mixture of peat and perlite particles (2:3, v:v). The design parameters investigated were the density of the packing material, its porosity, and the void fraction of the filter-bed. The physical parameters investigated were the characteristics of adsorption equilibrium between VOCs and packing material, and the mass transfer coefficients of VOCs to the packing material.

The density of the packing material was found to be 0.679 x 106 g-packing/ …

Design And Analysis Of Environmentally Safe Cooling Systems For Machine Tools, Haiping Xu

Theses

Many cooling systems of metal cutting and both their advantages and disadvantages have been reviewed. The cutting forces' relationships, stress distribution, energy consumption and heat generation of orthogonal processes are discussed. A two-dimensional finite element model has been developed to design and analyze a new proposed cooling device, which comes from the idea of "A Novel Cooling Device" proposed by Billatos et al. First, a thermal calculation is completed to compare the temperature difference between two different shapes of coiled pipe. Then, three different cutting conditions, which were considered in the experiments by Childs et al, are conducted under three …

Analysis Of Calibration, Robustness, Detection Of Space-Time Adaptive Rada Using Experimental Data, Murat O. Berin

Theses

Signal cancellation effects in adaptive array radar are studied under non ideal conditions when there is a mismatch between the true desired signal and the presumed theoretical desired signal. This mismatch results in decreased performance when the estimated correlation matrix has a large desired signal component. The performance of the sample matrix inversion (SMI) method is compared to the eigenanalysis-based eigencanceler method. Both analytical results and the processing on the experimental data from the Mountaintop Program, show that eigenanalysis-based adaptive beamformers have greater robustness to signal cancellation effects than the SMI method. Also, the calibration of the recorded data, and …

Nondestructive Dynamic Load Testing Of Bridges Using Strain Sensors, Suzanne Boland

Theses

This thesis investigates the use of nondestructive bridge load testing utilizing strain sensing equipment. Nondestructive bridge load testing has not been used extensively due to lack of expertise and perceived high cost. It can, however, play a key role when an existing bridge needs to be evaluated. Since most evaluation techniques tend to be conservative, the results from such an evaluation may not represent the real properties of the structural members. The true properties of an existing bridge can be identified using the results from nondestructive static and dynamic load testing. The procedures used to identify a structure with the …

Implementation Of A Three-Dimensional Non-Intrusive Particle Tracking System, Vivek Gupta

Theses

A Three-Dimensional Non-Intrusive Particle Tracking System has been developed at NJIT's Particle Technology Center to provide experimental results for validating theories being developed in the field of Particle Technology. The system utilizes the principle of magnetic induction between several high-frequency miniature transmitters mounted inside a sphere and a set of receiving loop antennae mounted outside the experimental apparatus. Basic theories and algorithms for the tracking system have already been developed. The focus of this thesis is to make the tracking system more accurate, reliable and user-friendly and to apply it to the study of vibrated beds and chute flows. Various …

The Development Of An Embedded Wireless Modem Conforming To Advanced Mobile Phone System And Cellular Digital Packet Data Standards, Xin Ren

Theses

Introduced by AT&T Bell Labs in 1970s, today Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) - a first generation analog cellular system serve millions of customers in the United States and 55 other countries, and the number of subscribers is still rapidly increasing. Although digital cellular systems are emerging in recent years, research efforts are still being made to the enhancement of AMPS systems because of their popularity. An example is the new Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) standard announced in 1994. CDPD is an overlay of the existing AMPS, and has the capability of transmitting data packets over such an analog …

A Simulation Environment For Cdma Wireless Communication Systems In Awgn Channels, Muzaffer Kanaan

Theses

The goal of this work is the development of a, wireless communication system simulator. The simulator has been developed primarily to aid in the studies of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) digital cellular systems. We begin by introducing the fundamentals of spread spectrum communications and the motivation for this work. We then take a detailed look at CDMA systems and their structure. We then verify the accuracy of the simulator by using it to simulate some familiar system scenarios. We end this work by presenting conclusions and suggestions for further work.

Asynchronous Multiuser Decorrelating Detector For Awgn Channel, Ashwini A. Borkar

Theses

Decorrelating detector is one of the sub-optimum detectors for CDMA applications that generally has better performance than the conventional detector and is near-far resistant. Synchronous decorrelating detector employing DPSK modulation is considered and its simulation results are presented.

Attention is focussed on one-shot decorrelating detector for a two user case for asynchronous transmission, where each symbol interval is considered seperately. Initially the performance of the detector with exact estimation of the relative delay is analyzed and then the effect of inaccurate estimation on the probability of error is discussed.

Flash Adc Using 2Μm Cmos P-Well Technology : Design And Test, Joseph E. Levinson

Theses

This thesis describes the design, implementation and test for a new CMOS analog-to-digital converter IC chip. In designing the analog-to-digital converter in this thesis a radically different comparator design that is only available with CMOS logic. The design utilizes a single CMOS inverter as an ultra-high gain amplifier. This approach reduces the circuit dependence upon matching of the transistors similar to the traditional method. This new design requires less area since the comparator utilizes fewer transistors.

Flash analog-to-digital converters use 2" - 1 comparators to do a single conversion where n is the number of bits used. These comparators are …

Intermodal Commuter Network Planning, Maria P. Boile

Dissertations

An intermodal commuter network is an integration of passenger transportation systems, or modes, to a single comprehensive system that provides connections among the various modes, and improved travel choices to users. In the system examined in this dissertation, commuters access their final destination via auto, rail, and intermodal auto-to-rail modes. There are numerous highway paths by which a commuter can reach the final destination. Once on the highway, the commuter can switch to rail at stations along the rail route. The commuter may also choose to walk to the rail station closest to the trip's origin.

The main focus of …

Removal Of Vocs From Air By Absorption And Stripping In Hollow Fiber Devices, Tarun K. Poddar

Dissertations

Large volumes of exhaust air streams contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene, xylene, acetone etc. are discharged into the atmosphere by various industrial facilities. Common technologies for VOC emission abatement e.g., activated carbon adsorption, absorption in a liquid, incineration and catalytic oxidation, have many strengths as well as considerable limitations. In this study, a regenerative absorption-based removal of VOCs from N₂ in an inert, nonvolatile, organic liquid flowing in compact hollow fiber devices has been developed. The process eliminates flooding, loading and entrainment encountered in conventional absorption devices.

Contaminated air/N₂ stream was fed through the …

Computer-Aided Process Design For Waste Minimization, Konstadinos Abeliotis

Dissertations

Problems related to process design with environmental considerations have been studied in this dissertation. A new heuristic design methodology has been formulated with the objective of minimizing the adverse environmental impact of chemical processes.

This hierarchical methodology starts with the definition and analysis of a process flowsheet followed by quantification of the process environmental loads. The quantification of environmental loads is an essential aspect of this methodology, because it serves as the comparative measure for environmental performance.

If the calculated environmental loads do not satisfy the environmental constraints (e.g., regulatory limits), waste minimization is investigated in the following order:

• Pollution …

A Theoretical Analysis Of Volatile Contaminant Removal By The Pneumatic Fracturing Process, Yuan Ding

Dissertations

A mathematical model that simulates the process of contaminant removal from a pneumatically induced fracture within a porous medium is presented. It includes: (1) model development; (2) parameter evaluation; (3) statistical sensitivity analysis; and (4) model validation.

Based on the dual porosity approach, a mathematical model for a fractured porous formation is developed for both two dimensional and axial symmetrical cases. This model constitutes a pair of coupled partial differential equations for the porous medium and discrete fracture, respectively. The initial and boundary conditions have been determined based on field considerations of a soil vapor extraction system. By means of …

Vibration As An Aid In Robotic Peg-In-Hole Assembly, Hsin-Te Liao

Dissertations

This dissertation presents an analytical and experimental investigation of vibration assisted engagement for parts mating. A dynamic model of assembly is established by using Lagrange's equation for impact to derive impact equations for a robotic manipulator in peg-in-hole assembly. The model can be used to analyze part motion and contact force in the mating of parts by robots. The impact equations of a SCARA robot are derived using this model and utilized to investigate how robot configuration, insertion speed, chamfer angle, coefficient of restitution and other system parameters affect impulsive force and departure angle in the assembly of a peg …

Particle Deposition On Surfaces In A Divergent Channal Flow, Ding Sun

Dissertations

Particle trajectory and deposition of two phase gas-solid flows in a convergent or divergent two-dimensional channel are investigated numerically in a wide range of parameters. For the fluid phase, a two dimensional, incompressible laminar fluid flow is considered in the analysis. The particle phase is a diluted suspension. The effects of inertia, gravity, viscous force and electrostatic image force are included in the computational model.

Both convergent and divergent channel flow are solved by the finite element method based on the software FIDAP. The flow separations will appear in a divergent channel and their separation positions are obtained in the …

Performance Analysis For Genetic Algorithms., Hermrean Wong

Dissertations

Genetic algorithms have been shown effective for solving complex optimization problems such as job scheduling, machine learning, pattern recognition, and assembly planning. Due to the random process involved in genetic algorithms, the analysis of performance characteristics of genetic algorithms is a challenging research topic. Studied in this dissertation are methods to analyze convergence of genetic algorithms and to investigate whether modifications made to genetic algorithms, such as varying the operator rates during the iterative process, improve their performance. Both statistical analysis, which is used for investigation of different modifications to the genetic algorithm, and probability analysis, which is used to …

The Effect Of Chlorine, Sulfur And Phosphorus Compounds On Deactivation Of Palladium Catalysts, Tai-Chiang Yu

Dissertations

The effects of HCl, H₂S, tributyl phosphate (TBP), P₂O₅, and zinc dialkyldithophosphate (ZDP) as catalyst poisons for methane oxidation over palladium catalysts supported on γ-alumina were investigated in this study. The overall reaction rate of methane oxidation over palladium catalysts can be simplified into a pseudo first order reaction under excess oxidation conditions.

The deactivation of the catalyst poisoned by HCl is attributed to the loss of active sites due to volatilization of PdCl₂. H₂ treatment at 200 °C can reactivate the catalyst poisoned by HCl at temperatures of up to …

Algorithms For The Njit Turbonet Parallel Computer, Nitin J. Lad

Theses

Element selection for arrays, array merging, and sorting are very frequent operations in many of today's important applications. These operations are of interest to scientific, as well as other applications where high-speed database search, merge, and sort operations are necessary and frequent. Therefore, their efficient implementation on parallel computers should be a worthwhile objective. Parallel algorithms are presented in this thesis for the implementation of these operations on the NET TurboNet system, an in-house built experimental parallel computer with TMS320C40 Digital Signal Processors interconnected in a 3-D hypercube structure. The first algorithm considered is selection. It involves finding the k-th …

A Study Of Settlement In Landfills Due To Biodegradation, Michael Guasconi

Theses

Finding new space for landfills is difficult due to land availability, stringent environmental regulations, and public sentiment. So other means of waste disposal, such as hauling it to a distant landfill, or incinerating it, will have to be resorted to. These methods may be unpopular with the public involved. By studying settlement due to biodegradation, ways to increase settlement can be found, allowing for additional waste disposal capacity in operating, and closed landfills.

Existing theoretical models are based on rheological concepts, not on biodegradation. So, they do not realistically model settlement. In this study, a model to determine the rate, …

Optimizing Rail-Truck Intermodal Drayage Operations, Wen Zhang

Theses

This thesis presents a case study of the trucking (or drayage) portion of rail-truck intermodal freight transportation. The approach used was to examine in detail the current costs and potential for improvement at one New Jersey intermodal terminal. The analysis is conducted using a mathematical programming model to find an optimal scheduling plan for the drayage operation. To solve the model more efficiently, a modification is made to explore the special structure of the original problem which has a sparse constraint matrix. The model is solved first with an objective function that minimizes the total cost of the operation, and …

Synthesis Of Boron Nitride/Vycor Composite Membrane Structures By An Optimized Lpcvd Process, Chenna Ravindranath

Theses

Since the advent of the idea of ultrafiltration, microporous membranes have come through a long way in establishing a niche as an efficient technology for gas separation applications. More and more research is aimed at reducing pore size towards nanolevels, when separation factor is the criterion rather than the permeability. This work is focused at synthesizing and characterizing microporous inorganic membranes for gas separations by molecular sieving. BN was deposited on mesoporous vycor tubes using triethylamine borane complex (TEAB) and ammonia as precursors. Effect of temperature and deposition geometry on permeability of various gases has been studied. Very high selectivities …

Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Tungsten As An Absorber For X-Ray Masks, Hongyu Chen

Theses

Tungsten film is one of promising materials for X-ray absorber in X-ray Lithography technology because of its high X-ray absorption and refractory properties. This study focus on CVD method to make tungsten film for X-ray absorber.

In this work, a cold wall, single wafer, Spectrum 211 CVD reactor was used for the deposition of tungsten from H, and WF6. The growth kinetics were determined as a function of temperature, pressure and flow ratio. The deposition rate of as deposited tungsten films was found to follow an Arrehnius behavior in the range of 300-500°C with an activation energy of 55.7 kJ/mol. …