Engineering Commons^™

Steam Oxidation Of Ytterbium Disilicate Environmental Barrier Coatings With And Without A Silicon Bond Coat, Ken A. Kane, Eugenio Garcia, Sharon Uwanyuze, Michael Lance, Kinga A. Unocic, Sanjay Sampath, Bruce A. Pint

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The current generation of multilayer Si/Yb₂Si₂O₇ environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are temperature limited by the melting point of Si, 1414°C. To investigate higher temperature EBCs, the cyclic steam oxidation of EBCs comprised of a single layer of ytterbium disilicate (YbDS) was compared to multilayered Si/YbDS EBCs, both deposited on SiC substrates using atmospheric plasma spray. After 500 1-h cycles at 1300°C in 90 vol%H₂O-10 vol%air with a gas velocity of 1.5 cm/s, both multilayer Si/YbDS and single layer YbDS grew thinner silica scales than bare SiC, with the single layer YbDS forming the …

Semi-Annual Progress Report #8, Missouri University Of Science And Technology. Inspire - University Transportation Center

Semi-Annual Progress Reports

No abstract provided.

Encoding Time-Series Ground Motions As Images For Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Seismic Damage Evaluation, Xinzhe Yuan, Dustin Tanksley, Pu Jiao, Liujun Li, Genda Chen, Donald C. Wunsch

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Traditional methods for seismic damage evaluation require manual extractions of intensity measures (IMs) to properly represent the record-to-record variation of ground motions. Contemporary methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for time series classification and seismic damage evaluation face a challenge in training due to a huge task of ground-motion image encoding. Presently, no consensus has been reached on the understanding of the most suitable encoding technique and image size (width × height × channel) for CNN-based seismic damage evaluation. In this study, we propose and develop a new image encoding technique based on time-series segmentation (TS) to transform acceleration …

Recovery Of Degraded Lithium Ion Cathode Particles, James Kirtley

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This project focuses on recovering the cathode materials of lithium ion batteries through atomic layer deposition (ALD) thin film coating. In industry, when a cathode material for a lithium ion battery are stored, it reacts with CO2 and moisture in the air creating Li2CO3 and LiOH on the particle surface. The harmful substances on the surfaces have a negative impact on battery performance and battery life. In this study, we found that when Li2Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1 (Ni-Rich NMC) is exposed to a high amount of moisture it degrades and the performance is reduced. For example, the discharge capacity of Degraded Ni-Rich NMC …

Co-Designing Ai Tools To Reduce Kidney Discard, Casey Hines

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Currently, there are about 94,000 people on the kidney transplant waiting list. Less than one-third will receive a new kidney this year. Unfortunately, some kidneys that could have been transplanted into a new recipient, end up being discarded. The largest group of discarded kidneys are ones that are high-risk. At present, an organ procurement organization will send out offers for an available kidney to transplant centers. These offers go out in chronological order following the kidney transplant waiting list. A single high-risk kidney could potentially go through hundreds of offers before being accepted by a transplant center. The longer the …

Credibility And Divination In The Age Of Reason, Jessi Schoolcraft

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Credibility is vital for comprehending the world around us. This is as true today as it was in the 18th century when Diderot and d'Alembert were producing France's first Encyclopédie. Translating articles from this body of knowledge provides insight into public perceptions of credibility. Designed to collect and share knowledge, the Encyclopédie required extensive collaboration among experts and editors. Article topics ranged from philosophy to the arts to physical science. What made these articles credible? Was it the oversight of well-known editors, the use of already verified sources, or the seal of approval from the State? Or was it a …

Fear To Cooperation: A Brief History Of The Space Race, Dylan Clay

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

In 1957, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a space race that, ironically, resulted in joint United States-Soviet Union missions with the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz program. Starting in the 1950s, the Cold War between the two nations led to a feeling of unease from the world populace, especially with uncertainty surrounding the superpowers' capabilities. In the late 1950s, the United States feared that they would lose the race to space because of Sputnik's success, but American efforts led to far greater success with American Astronauts landing on the moon, effectively ending the race to space. With both nations …

Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Learning In Fruit Flies, Natalie Gardner

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The fruit fly Drosophila Melanogaster is an optimal research specimen when observing the effects of sleep deprivation on spatial learning. A fly's sleep can be tracked using locomotion while it is undisturbed and while it undergoes sleep deprivation. To measure a fly's visuospatial awareness, a region at a comfortable 24 degrees Celsius, among the rest of the arena yielding an uncomfortable temperature ranging from 36-37 degrees Celsius, is fit with a specific visual cue that the fly is able to identify. This region, along with it's visual cue, is rotated around the arena every 3 minutes, and the amount of …

Twitter Sentiment Analysis Of Major Us Topics, Arpan Das

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The user base for social media platforms have seen sharp increases in nearly every year since their inception, to the point where it is a part of a daily routine in today’s society. Social media provides a powerful public platform for people to express their opinions and intentions regarding almost any topic. The objective of this study was to determine how the opinions of topics related to United States politics shift over the course of the election cycle and through the inauguration of the next president. These topics included the opinions of major events such as the major presidential candidates …

Realtime Sensor For Detecting Gallium Infiltration Attack, Peter Holtmann

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The proposed research is to create a real-time sensor for detecting aluminum degradation due to gallium infiltration attacks, specifically in military vehicles and structures. Gallium acts as a poison to aluminum, leading to catastrophic failures of structural integrity. The proliferation of educational material on this subject raises security concerns for the United States Military, where nearly all structures utilize aluminum due to its high-strength, light-weight profile. Utilizing Fiber-Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and machine learning techniques, this research aims to develop a real-time sensor to detect these attacks.

Behavioral Science Can Increase Zipper Merge Usage, Maria Galbraith

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Research demonstrates that zipper merges (or late merges), under heavy traffic conditions, are safer and faster than a traditional early merge. In implementation, zipper merges can be less efficient due to a lack of compliance on the part of drivers, often more accustomed to early merging. Behavioral science has been applied to a many transportation-related challenges, such as increasing seat belt usage and decreasing drinking and driving but has not yet been applied to the zipper merge. We have identified six relevant behavioral science strategies including (1) social norms, (2) appeals to reason, (3) emotional appeals, (4) humor, (5) memory …

Thermal Modeling Of Li-Ion Batteries Using Sp+3d Model, Derrick Barger

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

An ideal battery model must gather sufficient electrochemical data about the system while remaining being computationally efficient. To prevent failure from thermal runaway, understanding the thermal characteristics of a battery is essential.

To achieve this, we have developed a single particle (SP) model, a simplified but accurate approach to battery modeling, and compared this to a previously designed 3D model. After validating the battery electrochemistry, equations were introduced to calculate the heat generation with a coupled 3D heat transfer component to provide data on the cell temperature. This same model was used to simulate a multi-cell pack.

The results indicate …

Effects Of Acetylene Addition To The Fuel Stream On Soot Formation And Flame Properties In An Axisymmetric Laminar Coflow Ethylene/Air Diffusion Flame, Xinrong Xie, Shu Zheng, Ran Sui, Zixue Luo, Shi Liu, Jean Louis Consalvi

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effects of adding acetylene to the fuel stream on soot formation and flame properties were investigated numerically in a laminar axisymmetric coflow ethylene/air diffusion flame using the open-source flame code Co-Flame in conjunction with an elementary gas-phase chemistry scheme and detailed transport and thermodynamic database. Radiation heat transfer of the radiating gases (H2O, C2H2, CO, and CO2) and soot was calculated using a statistical narrow-band correlated-k-based wide band model coupled with the discrete-ordinates method. The soot formation was described by the consecutive steps of soot nucleation, surface growth of soot particles via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-soot condensation or the …

Establishment Of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems For Ecological Restoration In The Great Lakes Basin, Usa. Ii. New Clones Show Exceptional Promise, Andrej Pilipović, Ronald S. Zalesny, Elizabeth R. Rogers, Bernard G. Mcmahon, Neil D. Nelson, Joel Gerard Burken, Richard A. Hallett, Chung Ho Lin

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Poplar tree improvement strategies are needed to enhance ecosystem services’ provisioning and achieve phytoremediation objectives. We evaluated the establishment potential of new poplar clones developed at the University of Minnesota Duluth, Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) from sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds. We divided clones into Experimental (testing stage genotypes) and Common (commercial and/or research genotypes) clone groups and compared them with each other and each NRRI clone (NRRI group) at the phyto buffers. We tested for differences in clone …

Establishment Of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems For Ecological Restoration In The Great Lakes Basin, Usa. I. Genotype X Environment Interactions, Ronald S. Zalesny, Andrej Pilipović, Elizabeth R. Rogers, Joel Gerard Burken, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Poplar remediation systems are ideal for reducing runoff, cleaning groundwater, and delivering ecosystem services to the North American Great Lakes and globally. We used phytorecurrent selection (PRS) to establish sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds comprised of twelve PRS-selected clones each year. We tested for differences in genotypes, environments, and their interactions for health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. All trees had optimal health. Mean first-, second-, and third-year volume ranged from 71 ± 26 to …

Isolation Enhancement For Mimo Patch Antennas Sharing A Common Thick Substrate: Using A Dielectric Block To Control Space-Wave Coupling To Cancel Surface-Wave Coupling, Min Li, Muhammad Yasir Jamal, Lijun Jiang, Kwan Lawrence Yeung

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article presents a novel and simple decoupling method to increase the isolation between two closely spaced patch antennas sharing a common thick substrate. The decoupling can be simply realized by adding a pure dielectric block (DB) above the coupled array. By means of DB to modify the space permittivity (propagation constant), the space-wave coupling can be controlled to cancel surface-wave coupling for isolation enhancement. Five benchmarks of combinations of two patch antennas with different positions or orientations are investigated to validate the decoupling concept and elaborate on the design procedure. The results show that the proposed method could provide …

Effectiveness Of Noise Suppressing Sheet Material For Mitigation Of Automotive Radiated Emissions, Patrick Deroy, Marina Y. Koledintseva, Cyrous F. Rostamzadeh, Micajah Worden, Tamara Monti, Waldemar Schulz, Abhishek Ramanujan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Integrated circuit (IC) and printed circuit board (PCB) electromagnetic (EM) modeling methods are becoming essential during the development of automotive electronic control units. Academic and industrial efforts focus on radiated and conducted emissions caused by flaws in PCB design from EM compatibility (EMC)/electrostatic discharge (ESD) point of view, including improper placement, grounding, and shielding of ICs. In this article, the effectiveness of noise suppressing sheet material for the mitigation of radiated emission at global positioning system (GPS) and Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) bands according to U.S. automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM) requirements is investigated. A few test scenarios that …

Gagrank: Software For Glycosaminoglycan Sequence Ranking Using A Bipartite Graph Model, John D. Hogan, Jiandong Wu, Joshua A. Klein, Cheng Lin, Luis Carvalho, Joseph Zaia

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) Are Long, Linear Polysaccharide Chains that Are Typically Found as the Glycan Portion of Proteoglycans. These GAGs Are Characterized by Repeating Disaccharide Units with Variable Sulfation and Acetylation Patterns Along the Chain. GAG Length and Modification Patterns Have Profound Impacts on Growth Factor Signaling Mechanisms Central to Numerous Physiological Processes. Electron Activated Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry is a Very Effective Technique for Assigning the Structures of GAG Saccharides; However, Manual Interpretation of the Resulting Complex Tandem Mass Spectra is a Difficult and Time-Consuming Process that Drives the Development of Computational Methods for Accurate and Efficient Sequencing. …

Laboratory-Scale Research Of Non-Catalyzed Supercritical Alcohol Process For Continuous Biodiesel Production, Aso A. Hassan, Joseph D. Smith

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This work investigates the non-catalyzed supercritical methanol (SCM) process for continuous biodiesel production. The lab-scale setup was designed and used for biodiesel production in the temperature range of 520–650 K and 83–380 bar with an oil-to-methanol molar ratio ranging from 1:5 to 1:45. The experiments were performed in the coiled plug flow tubular reactor. The volumetric flow rate of the methanol/oil ranged from 0.1-10 mL/min. This work examines a new reactor technology involving preheating and pre-mixing of the methanol/oil mixture to reduce setup cost and increase biodiesel yield under the same reaction conditions. Work performed showed that FAME’s yield increased …

Oxidation Polymerization Additive Manufacturing, Jonghyun Park, Tazdik Patwary Plateau, Hiep Pham

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Various processes for producing three dimensional electrically conductive polymer structures, such as three dimensional structures of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), are described as well as materials produced by these processes.

Human-Robot Collaboration For Effective Bridge Inspection In The Artificial Intelligence Era, Ruwen Qin

INSPIRE Archived Webinars

Advancements in sensor, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and robotic technologies have formed a foundation to enable a transformation from traditional engineering systems to complex adaptive systems. This paradigm shift will bring exciting changes to civil infrastructure systems and their builders, operators and managers. Funded by the INSPIRE University Transportation Center (UTC), Dr. Qin’s group investigated the holism of an AI-robot-inspector system for bridge inspection. Dr. Qin will discuss the need for close collaboration among the constituent components of the AI-robot-inspector system. In the workplace of bridge inspection using drones, the mobile robotic inspection platform rapidly collected big inspection video data that …

A Cascaded Power Dividing Decoupling Network For Antennas With Distinct Frequency Bands, Min Li, Lijun Jiang, Kwan Lawrence Yeung

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a novel decoupling method for two antennas operating in adjacent/contiguous frequency bands using a cascaded power dividing decoupling network (C- PDDN). An n-order C-PDDN can be designed to increase antenna isolation at n desired frequency points. Each PDDN is composed of two power dividers, two transmission lines, and one reactive component. Explicit design formulas are founded for determining design parameters. For illustration, a two-order C- PDDN is applied to a testing array. Results show that it could increase isolation by over 20 dB, verifying the effectiveness.

Real-Time Identification Of Oxygen Vacancy Centers In Linbo₃ And Srtio₃ During Irradiation With High Energy Particles, Miguel L. Crespillo, Joseph T. Graham, Fernando Agulló-López, Yanwen Zhang, William J. Weber

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Oxygen vacancies are known to play a central role in the optoelectronic properties of oxide perovskites. A detailed description of the exact mechanisms by which oxygen vacancies govern such properties, however, is still quite incomplete. The unambiguous identification of oxygen vacancies has been a subject of intense discussion. Interest in oxygen vacancies is not purely academic. Precise control of oxygen vacancies has potential technological benefits in optoelectronic devices. In this review paper, we focus our attention on the generation of oxygen vacancies by irradiation with high energy particles. Irradiation constitutes an efficient and reliable strategy to introduce, monitor, and characterize …

Generation Of Giant Electric Energy Density By Adiabatically Compressed Pin-Pmn-Pt Ferroelectric Single Crystals, Sergey I. Shkuratov, Jason Baird, Vladimir G. Antipov, Jay B. Chase

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The results are reported herein of experimental investigations of the mechanism of electric breakdown and the generation of high voltage and energy by shock-compressed rhombohedral (1-y-x)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-yPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) ferroelectric single crystals cut and poled along the [111]c crystallographic direction. PIN-PMN-PT crystals were shock-compressed in a direction perpendicular to the polarization, in either the [11-0]c or [112-]c or crystallographic directions. Our experiments demonstrated that shocked crystals with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 5 mm are capable of producing high voltage amplitudes of 9-37 kV, with the amplitudes being directly proportional to the crystal thickness. The experimental results indicate that the shock loading …

Ion Pairing And Dielectric Decrement In Glycosaminoglycan Brushes, James D. Sterling, Wenjuan Jiang, Wesley M. Botello-Smith, Yun L. Luo

Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cell−surface polysaccharides are essential to many aspects of physiology, serving as a highly conserved evolutionary feature of life and as an important part of the innate immune system in mammals. Here, as simplified biophysical models of these sugar coatings, we present results of molecular dynamics simulations of hyaluronic acid and heparin brushes that show important effects of ion pairing, water dielectric decrease, and coion exclusion. As in prior studies of macromolecular crowding under physiologically relevant salt concentrations, our results show equilibria with electroneutrality attained through screening and pairing of brush anionic charges by monovalent cations at the atomistic detail. Most …

Acute Dose-Dependent Neuroprotective Effects Of Poly(Pro-17Β-Estradiol) In A Mouse Model Of Spinal Contusion Injury, Manoj K. Gottipati, Samuel A.T. Ellman, Devan L. Puhl, Zhen Guan, Phillip G. Popovich, Edmund F. Palermo, Ryan J. Gilbert

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

17β-Estradiol (E2) confers neuroprotection in preclinical models of spinal cord injury when administered systemically. The goal of this study was to apply E2 locally to the injured spinal cord for a sustained duration using poly(pro-E2) film biomaterials. Following contusive spinal cord injury in adult male mice, poly(pro-E2) films were implanted subdurally and neuroprotection was assessed using immunohistochemistry 7 days after injury and implantation. In these studies, poly(pro-E2) films modestly improved neuroprotection without affecting the inflammatory response when compared to the injured controls. To increase the E2 dose released, bolus-releasing poly(pro-E2) films were fabricated by incorporating unbound E2 into the poly(pro-E2) …

Measurement Report: Long-Range Transport Patterns Into The Tropical Northwest Pacific During The Camp²Ex Aircraft Campaign: Chemical Composition, Size Distributions, And The Impact Of Convection, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Michael Shook, Yang Wang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The tropical Northwest Pacific (TNWP) is a receptor for pollution sources throughout Asia and is highly susceptible to climate change, making it imperative to understand long-range transport in this complex aerosol-meteorological environment. Measurements from the NASA Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP²Ex; 24 August to 5 October 2019) and back trajectories from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) were used to examine transport into the TNWP from the Maritime Continent (MC), peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), East Asia (EA), and the West Pacific (WP). A mid-campaign monsoon shift on …

Translational Implications Of The Interactions Between Hormones And Age-Related Hearing Loss, R. D. Frisina, Parveen Bazard, M. Bauer, J. Pineros, X. Zhu, B. Ding

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Provocative research has revealed both positive and negative effects of hormones on hearing as we age; with in some cases, mis-regulation of hormonal levels in instances of medical comorbidities linked to aging, lying at the heart of the problem. Animal model studies have discovered that hormonal fluctuations can sharpen hearing for improved communication and processing of mating calls during reproductive seasons. Sex hormones sometimes have positive effects on auditory processing, as is often the case with estrogen, whereas combinations of estrogen and progesterone, and testosterone, can have negative effects on hearing abilities, particularly in aging subjects. Too much or too …

Experimental And Numerical Investigation In Directed Energy Deposition For Component Repair, Lan Li, Xinchang Zhang, Frank W. Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Directed energy deposition (DED) has been widely used for component repair. In the repair process, the surface defects are machined to a groove or slot and then refilled. The sidewall inclination angle of the groove geometry has been recognized to have a considerable impact on the mechanical properties of repaired parts. The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of repairing various V-shaped defects with both experiments and modeling. At first, the repair volume was defined by scanning the defective zone. Then, the repair volume was sliced to generate the repair toolpath. After that, the DED process was …

Development Of Design Tables For The Cold-Formed Steel Cross-Sections In Aisi D100, Committee On Specifications For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

This report with the tables in an Excel file intends to provide the local and distortional buckling strengths for the cross-sections provided in AISI Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual to aid design engineers.