Engineering Commons^™

New Infeed Correction Methods For Distance Protection In Distribution Systems, Fahd Hariri, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The reliability and security of power systems may be jeopardized by the increase in the amounts of renewable generation and the uncertainties produced by these devices. In particular, the protection schemes of traditional power systems have been challenged by the integration of distributed generation (DG) resources. Distance relays (DRs), which have been mainly employed to protect transmission systems, are increasingly proposed as one of the solutions to protect distribution systems with a heavy penetration of DGs. However, conventional distance protection faces several drawbacks that might lead to maloperation. One of those challenges is the "infeed effect", which causes the impedance …

In Vitro Osteogenic Performance Of Two Novel Strontium And Zinc-Containing Glass Polyalkenoate Cements, Daniella Marx, Alireza Rahimnejad Yazdi, Marcello Papini, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) are under investigation as potential bone adhesives, as they may provide an alternative to polymethylmethacrylate-based cements. GPCs containing strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) in place of aluminum (Al) are of particular interest because these ions are known stimulators of osteoprogenitor differentiation. GPCs have been manufactured from a novel bioactive glass (SiO2:0.48, ZnO:0.36, CaO:0.12, SrO:0.04) in the past, but, while such materials have been assessed for their influence on viability, their influence on osteogenic function has not been investigated until now. For this study, two GPCs were formulated from the same glass precursor evaluated in previous studies. …

Evaluating Decision Making In Sustainable Project Selection Between Literature And Practice, Rakan Alyamani, Suzanna Long, Mohammad Nurunnabi

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A robust project selection process is critical for the selection of sustainable projects that meet the needs of an organization or community. There are multiple factors or criteria that can be considered in the selection of the appropriate sustainable project, but it can be challenging to find sufficient depth of expert opinion to perform a strong evaluation of these criteria. Several researchers have turned to the sustainable project literature as a source of expert opinion to evaluate the criteria used in sustainable project selection and rank them based on importance using different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies. However, using the literature …

Multi Hazard Hurricane Vulnerability Model To Enable Resilence Informed Decision, Omar M. Nofal, John W. Van De Lindt, Guirong Grace Yan, Sara Hamideh, Casey Dietrich

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hurricanes or typhoons are multi-hazard events that usually result in strong winds, storm surge, waves, and debris flow. A community-level multi-hazard hurricane risk analysis approach is proposed herein to account for the combined impacts of hazards driven by hurricanes including surge, wave, and wind. A tightly coupled ADCIRC and SWAN model is used to account for the surge and wave hazard. Community-level exposure analysis is conducted using a portfolio of building archetypes associated with each hazard. A building-level hurricane vulnerability model is developed using fragility functions to account for content, building envelope, and structural damage. These fragility functions calculate the …

Tunable Topological Photonic Crystal Waveguides, Menglin L.N. Chen, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Wei E.I. Sha

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Edge states in topological photonic systems have the robust unidirectional propagation feature which originates from the topological nature of the bulk band dispersion. In this work, we propose a topological photonic crystal (PC) waveguide that is formed by introducing an air gap in an all-dielectric PC with C-{6v} symmetry. The dispersion of the line defect states is tunable by varying the width of the air gap. Based on their field distributions, the states can be classified into even- and odd-symmetric states. The even-symmetric states are found to be the nontrivial topological edge states and exhibit pseudospin-locking unidirectional propagation property. By …

Improvement Of Spice Based Esd Protection Models For I/O Protection Modeling, Amin Pak, Seyed Mostafa Mousavi, David Pommerenke, Giorgi Maghlakelidze, Yang Xu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Modeling ESD protection using the System Efficient ESD Design (SEED) methodology enables optimal protection of an IO using TVS and external components. The success of modeling depends on the accuracy of the models. This work shows improvements to SPICE models used to characterize TVS diodes and IC I/O. The improvement is twofold. The transition phases between snapback and main current flow have been adjusted to achieve realistic waveforms for the rise times from 500 ps to 5 ns in a voltage range from Vt1 to the high current region, and complex curvatures of the IV curve are included. The model …

Data-Driven Discovery Of The Governing Equation For The Transmission Lines System, Yanming Zhang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Sophisticated structures in the transmission line system introduce the nonuniformity and nonlinearity, which brings the challenge for its characterization and modeling. In this work, a novel data-driven method is proposed to derive the governing partial differential equations of the transmission line. Based on the polynomial interpolation of the spatial-temporal samples of current and voltage, the time and spatial derivatives can be obtained. Then, the ridge regression algorithm is adopted to determine the active spatial differential terms from the candidate functions. Three benchmarks, the uniform and nonuniform transmission line, and a soliton generation system, are provided to demonstrate the validity of …

Vertical Profiles Of Trace Gas And Aerosol Properties Over The Eastern North Atlantic: Variations With Season And Synoptic Condition, Yang Wang, Guangjie Zheng, Michael P. Jensen, Daniel A. Knopf, Alexander Laskin, Alyssa A. Matthews, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Because of their extensive coverage, marine low clouds greatly impact the global climate. Presently, the response of marine low clouds to the changes in atmospheric aerosols remains a major source of uncertainty in climate simulations. One key contribution to this large uncertainty derives from the poor understanding of the properties and processes of marine aerosols under natural conditions and the perturbation by anthropogenic emissions. The eastern North Atlantic (ENA) is a region of persistent but diverse subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds, where cloud albedo and precipitation are highly susceptible to perturbations in aerosol properties. Here we examine the key …

Off-Axis Microsphere Photolithography Patterned Nanohole Array And Other Structures On An Optical Fiber Tip For Glucose Sensing, Jiayu Liu, Ibrahem Jasim, Tao Liu, Jie Huang, Edward Kinzel, Mahmoud Almasri

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Microsphere photolithography (MPL) using off-axis UV exposure is a technique that uses a layer of self-assembled microspheres as an optical mask to project different periodic nanopatterns. This paper introduces MPL as an alternative fabrication technique to pattern complex metasurfaces on an optical single mode fiber tip as a sensor for measuring refractive index. Based on the hexagonal close packing microsphere array, complicated metasurfaces were successfully created by changing the UV illumination angle. Using the same self-assembled microspheres monolayer, multiple UV illumination jets were projected to create multiple hole group patterns. Fiber sensors with three-hole group and four-hole group patterns were …

A Kinetic Model For Blood Biomarker Levels After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Sima Azizi, Daniel B. Hier, Blaine Allen, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi, Gayla R. Olbricht, Matthew S. Thimgan, Donald C. Wunsch

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) imposes a significant economic and social burden. The diagnosis and prognosis of mild TBI, also called concussion, is challenging. Concussions are common among contact sport athletes. After a blow to the head, it is often difficult to determine who has had a concussion, who should be withheld from play, if a concussed athlete is ready to return to the field, and which concussed athlete will develop a post-concussion syndrome. Biomarkers can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood after traumatic brain injury and their levels may have prognostic value. Despite significant investigation, questions remain as …

Modeling, Analysis, And Control Design Of A Single-Stage Boost Inverter, Md Rasheduzzaman, Poria Fajri, Jonathan W. Kimball, Brad Deken

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A single-phase, single-stage, differential boost inverter comprises two independently-controlled boost DC-DC converters, with the load connected between their outputs. The net voltage on the load is sinusoidal and has a controllable frequency and magnitude that is larger than that of the DC source. The present work first derives steady-state and small-signal models of the inverter with parasitic elements. The results obtained from the line-to-output transfer function, control-to-output transfer function, open-loop input impedance, and open-loop output impedance models are compared with that of the ones obtained from the experimental testbed. Using the new models, a voltage mode controller is designed in …

Comparing Behavioral Theories To Predict Consumer Interest To Participate In Energy Sharing, Julia Morgan, Casey I. Canfield

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Consumer investment in distributed energy resources (DERs) is increasing the penetration of renewable energy in the grid. In some cases, DERs produce more electricity than needed by the owner and this excess electricity is sold to the utility (e.g., net metering). In contrast, energy sharing allows a facilitator, which may or may not be the utility, to redistribute excess renewable electricity to fellow community members directly. However, little is known about consumer interest in participating in this type of arrangement. This preregistered study uses structural equation modeling to compare two behavioral theories, Value-Belief-Norm and Diffusion of Innovation, to predict consumer …

Review Of Expansive And Collapsible Soil Volume Change Models Within A Unified Elastoplastic Framework, Sandra L. Houston, Xiong Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Numerous laboratory tests on unsaturated soils revealed complex volume-change response to reduction of soil suction, resulting in early development of state surface approaches that incorporate soil expansion or collapse due to wetting under load. Nonetheless, expansive and collapsible soils are often viewed separately in research and practice, resulting in development of numerous constitutive models specific to the direction of volume change resulting from suction decrease. In addition, several elastoplastic models, developed primarily for collapse or expansion, are modified by add-on, such as multiple yield curves/ surfaces, to accommodate a broader range of soil response. Current tendency to think of unsaturated …

Achieving Domestic Internationalization And Global Competence Through On-Campus Activities And Globally Responsive Education, Sanjay Tewari, Peng Zhang, Yuan Zhuang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on students and educators are well known. However, there is a paucity of literature available on its impact on educational institutions in the context of their abilities to develop global competence in the middle of an ongoing pandemic. The virtual communication and remote delivery of educational content have been a popular trend for many universities to adapt to the pandemic challenges and re-think their internationalization strategies.

The limited travel opportunities because of the pandemic have highlighted a big need for the domestic internationalization mechanism at educational institutions. In this paper, the authors discuss how …

Numerical Investigation Of The Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Of Water-Based Nanofluids In A Dimpled Channel Flow Using Al₂O₃, Cuo, And Hybrid Al₂O₃-Cuo As Nanoparticles, Farid Ahmed, Md Atrehar Abir, Muhtasim Fuad, Farhana Akter, Palash K. Bhowmik, Syed B. Alam, Dinesh Kumar

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, the authors study the impact of spherical dimple surfaces and nanofluid coolants on heat transfer and pressure drop. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the thermal performance of nanofluids with respect to different Reynolds numbers (Re) and nanoparticle compositions in dimpled channel flow. Water-based nanofluids with Al₂O₃, CuO, and Al₂O₃-CuO nanoparticles are considered for this investigation with 1%, 2%, and 4% volume fraction for each nanofluid. The simulations are conducted at low Reynolds numbers varying from 500 to 1250, assuming constant and uniform heat flux. The …

Random Packing Material In Disinfection Contactors: Effects On Baffling And Energy Loss, Jessica L. Baker, Subhas K. Venayagamoorthy, Susan K. De Long

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the potential improvement in the hydraulic disinfection efficiency and the possible energy loss as a result of the presence of random packing material (RPM) in a laboratory-scale chlorine contactor. Tracer tests were conducted on a 55-gal drum tank filled with RPM in varying amounts in different configurations to measure the efficiency of each setup in terms of baffling factor (BF). The bulk pressure drop was measured to determine the energy loss for each configuration. The results of this study show that securing RPM near the inlet, in any amount, improves the BF by 300% to more than …

Erratum: Characterizing Permanent Deformation Of Alaskan Granular Base-Course Materials (Journal Of Materials In Civil Engineering Doi: 10.1061/(Asce)Mt.1943-5533.0002911), Jenny Liu, Xiong Zhang, Lin Li, Peng Li, Steve Saboundjian

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The writers would like to express their appreciation to the discusser for taking time to read this paper and provide his insightful viewpoint. The writers are in general agreement with the discusser's comments and this closure allows them to further clarify some of the statements in the original paper. Frost Heave and Change of Moisture Conditions after a Freezing Process The writers appreciate the discusser's further explanation and elaboration of results presented in Table 1 and Figs. 5 and 8. Permanent Deformation Modeling The writers agree with the discusser that the R2 values of Eqs. (2) – (4) in the …

A Novel Demultiplexing Scheme For Vortex Beams In Radio Communication Systems, Yanming Zhang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) based communication is a promising technology in the wireless communication system for its improving spectrum efficiency. However, for the OAM demultiplexing, it requires a very large aperture size in the receiving end due to the OAM beam divergence and the amplitude null in the beam center, which restricts the full development of OAM based communication. In this paper, we propose a novel partial arc sampling receiving (PASR) scheme based on the augmented dynamic mode decomposition (ADMD) to solve this issue. We explore the use of the phase delay coordinates in the conventional DMD to sort …

Performance Evaluation Of A Multi-Rotor Unmanned Agricultural Aircraft System For Chemical Application, Hang Zhu, Hongze Li, Anderson P. Adam, Liujun Li, Lei Tian

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unmanned agricultural aircraft system (UAAS) has been widely employed as a low-cost and reliable method to apply agrochemicals to small agricultural fields in China. The performance of battery-powered multirotor UAAS has attracted considerable attention from manufacturers and researchers. The objective of this research was to design a UAAS equipping with a data acquisition system, to characterize its chemical application performance based on droplet deposition data and optimize the operating parameters. Each test was repeated three times to assess the reliability of the spraying system. Various flight parameters were also evaluated. The optimal spray pressure for the XR8001 and XR8002 (TeeJet, …

Numerical Investigation Of Thermo-Mechanical Field During Selective Laser Melting Process With Experimental Validation, Lan Li, Frank W. Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, thermo-mechanical simulation was conducted to predict thermal and stress behavior in Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Temperature-dependent material properties for processed material 304L stainless steel were incorporated into the model in order to capture the change from powder to fully dense solid stainless steel. Temperature and thermal stress history were tracked under conditions of different parameter sets which were designed to reduce defect formation. The thermal model predicted the temperature history for multi-track scans under different process parameters, such as laser power, effective scanning speed and hatch spacing. Subsequently, the corresponding melt-pool size, solidification rate and temperature gradients …

Handwriting Features Based Detection Of Fake Signatures, Anton Akusok, Leonardo Espinosa Leal, Kaj Mikael Bjxc3xb6rk, Amaury Lendasse, Renjie Hu

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Detection of Fake Signatures is a Hard Task. in This Paper, We Present a Novel Method for Detecting Trained Forgeries using Features Extracted from Sliding Windows with Different overlaps on a Publicly Available Dataset of Static Images of Signatures. using a Linear Machine Learning Model Named Extreme Learning Machine (Elm), Our Methodology Achieves, in Average, an Equal Error Rates (Eer) of 2.31% for an overlap of 90%. in Line with the State-Of-The-Art Results Available in the Scientific Literature.

A Kinematic Error Controller For Real-Time Kinematic Error Correction Of Industrial Robots, Mitchell R. Woodside, Joseph Fischer, Patrick Bazzoli, Douglas A. Bristow, Robert G. Landers

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Industrial robots are being used more and more for manufacturing applications that require accuracy beyond what can be obtained from joint measurement. While offline calibration techniques such as volumetric error compensation can be used to correct robot kinematic error, these methods are unable to compensate for robot deformations caused by changing tool loads during the manufacturing operation. This paper explores the use of a real-time robot kinematic error compensation technique where an external high-precision feedback sensor (in this case a laser tracker) directly measures the robot kinematic error and corrections are implemented during processing. A robot kinematic error model is …

Sealant Injectivity Through Void Space Conduits To Assess Remediation Of Well Cement Failure, Mohammed Alkhamis, Abdulmohsin Imqam

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The primary cement of oil and gas wells is prone to fail under downhole conditions. Thus, a remedial operation must be conducted to restore the wellbore integrity and provides zonal isolation. Many types of materials are currently used and/or have the potential to be employed in wellbore integrity applications, including, but not limited to, conventional Portland cement, microfine and ultrafine cement, thermoset materials, and thermoplastic materials. In this study, several types of materials were selected for evaluation: (1) conventional Portland cement, which is the most widely used in remedial operations in the petroleum industry, (2) polymer resin, which is one …

Early-Age Strength Of Co2 Cured Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Pastes, Yubin Jun, Seong Ho Han, Jae Hong Kim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effect of CO₂ curing including pre-conditioning on alkali-activated slags, activated by different alkaline activators (NaOH, Na₂SiO₃, and KOH solution), is studied. While dry pre-conditioning before the CO₂ curing increases the strengths of all mixtures, the effect of pre-conditioning time is dependent on the alkali activator used to produce samples. The CO₃-bearing reaction product in samples also depends on the alkali activator. Gaylussite, pirssonite, hydrotalcite, and calcite are observed in the NaOH activator, and calcite, hydrotalcite, and C₄AcH₁₁ are detected in the NaOH and Na₂SiO₃ (9:1) …

Single-Image Super Resolution Using Convolutional Neural Network, William Symolon, Cihan H. Dagli

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Increasing threats to U.S. national security satellite constellations have resulted in an increased interest in constellation resilience and satellite redundancy. CubeSats have contributed to commercial, scientific and government applications in remote sensing, communications, navigation and research and have the potential to enhance satellite constellation resilience. However, the inherent size, weight and power limitations of CubeSats enforce constraints on imaging hardware; the small lenses and short focal lengths result in imagery with low spatial resolution. Low resolution limits the utility of CubeSat images for military planning purposes and national intelligence applications. This paper implements a super-resolution deep learning architecture and proposes …

Network Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Learning, Lirim Ashiku, Cihan H. Dagli

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The widespread use of interconnectivity and interoperability of computing systems have become an indispensable necessity to enhance our daily activities. Simultaneously, it opens a path to exploitable vulnerabilities that go well beyond human control capability. The vulnerabilities deem cyber-security mechanisms essential to assume communication exchange. Secure communication requires security measures to combat the threats and needs advancements to security measures that counter evolving security threats. This paper proposes the use of deep learning architectures to develop an adaptive and resilient network intrusion detection system (IDS) to detect and classify network attacks. The emphasis is how deep learning or deep neural …

Sos Explorer Application With Fuzzy-Genetic Algorithms To Assess An Enterprise Architecture -- A Healthcare Case Study, Josh Goldschmid, Vinayaka Gude, Steven Corns

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Kevin Dooley (1997), defined Complex Adaptive System (CAS) as a group of semi-autonomous agents who interact in interdependent ways to produce system-wide patterns, such that those patterns then influence behavior of the agents. A healthcare system is considered as a Complex Adaptive System of system (SoS) with agents composed of strategies, people, process, and technology. Healthcare systems are fragmented with independent systems and information. The enterprise architecture (EA) aims to address these fragmentations by creating boundaries around the business strategy and key performance attributes that drive integration across multiple systems of processes, people, and technology. This paper uses a SoS …

Fiber Optic Sensor Based Corrosion Assessment In Reinforced Concrete Members, Genda Chen

INSPIRE Archived Webinars

In this 50-minute lecture, the fundamental concepts of fiber optic sensors for both distributed and point corrosion measurements are reviewed. For the distributed monitoring of a line bridge component such as steel reinforced girders, Brillouin scattering and fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) can be coupled to measure both temperature and radial strain as an indirect indicator of corrosion process. For the point monitoring of steel structures, long period fiber gratings (LPFG) are specially designed for a direct measurement of mass loss or the loss in cross sectional area of the component. In particular, a Fe-C coated LPFG sensor is introduced for …

Nano-Enhanced Bioremediation For Oil Spills: A Review, Amber J. Pete, Bhuvnesh Bharti, Michael G. Benton

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Oil seepage and spills have lasting detrimental effects on the environment, especially on nearby marine ecosystems. Despite quick and safe removal of contaminating oil being of utmost importance, remediation methods have remained largely unchanged over the last 20+ years. Removal methods such as skimmers, in situ burning, and sorbents can be difficult to implement in inclement weather. Marine microorganisms consume spilled oil as a primary energy source in a method known as bioremediation. Recently the introduction of nanoparticles to areas contaminated by oil has emerged as a potential method to enhance the efficacy of oil degradation by marine microorganisms. Nanoparticles …

The Identification And Prediction In Abundance Variation Of Atlantic Cod Via Long Short-Term Memory With Periodicity, Time–Frequency Co-Movement, And Lead-Lag Effect Across Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Salinity, Catches, And Prey Biomass From 1919 To 2016, Rui Nian, Qiang Yuan, Hui He, Xue Geng, Chi Wei Su, Bo He, Amaury Lendasse

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Population of Atlantic Cod Significantly Contributes to the Prosperity of Fishery Production in the World. in This Paper, We Quantitatively Investigate the Global Abundance Variation in Atlantic Cod from 1919 to 2016, in Favor of Spatiotemporal Interactions over Manifold Impact Factors at Local Observation Sites and Propose to Explore the Predictive Mechanism with the Help of its Periodicity, Time–frequency Co-Movement, and Lead-Lag Effects, Via Long Short-Term Memory (Lstm). We First Integrate Evidence Yielded from Wavelet Coefficients, to Suggest that the Abundance Variation Potentially Follows a 36-Year Major Cycle and 24-Year Secondary Cycle at the Time Scales of 55 Years …