Engineering Commons^™

Suggested Chemistry Of Zinc Oxychloride Cements, Charles A. Sorrell

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Solutions of ZnCl₂ were prepared from ZnCl₂·nH₂O and by reaction of zinc metal with HCl. Specific gravities and pH values were determined as a function of composition. A ternary phase, 4ZnO·ZnCl₂·5H₂O, was precipitated when the ZnCl₂ solutions were diluted to a pH of 5.48 ± 0.05. Mixtures of ZnO with ZnCl, and HCI solutions were equilibrated in sealed containers and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. The resulting phase diagram shows 2 ternary phases, 4ZnO·ZnCl₂·5H₂O (4·1·5) and ZnO·ZnCl₂·2H₂O (1.1.2), both of which are soluble …

Low Order Correction For Subsurface Contributions In Diffusion Experiments, D. Powers, Manfred Wuttig

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Subsolidus Equilibria And Stabilization Of Tetragonal Zro2 In The System Zro2‐Al2o3‐Sio2, Charles A. Sorrell

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The irreversible reaction between zircon and alumina to form mullite and zirconia was observed to proceed very slowly at 1480°C, confirming the existence of a stable join between mullite and zirconia in addition to the join between mullite and zircon. Attempts to determine equilibrium assemblages in powder samples of several combinations of the constituents at 1300° and 1400°C were unsuccessful. Metastable tetragonal ZrO₂ was observed in fired powder samples containing kaolinite, in fired zircon‐alumina samples, and in calcined gels prepared from zirconyl nitrate, aluminum nitrate, and colloidal silica in water. Tetragonal ZrO₂ was the dominant crystalline phase in …

Intraframe Sequential Picture Coding, John A. Stuller, Bernd Kurz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Paper Generalizes Time-Discrete Autoregressive Source Coding Results of Rate-Distortion Theory to Two Dimensions. a 2-D Discrete Autoregressive Source is Defined and Shown to Produce a 2-D Wide-Sense Markovian Field. the Rate Distortion Function of the Source is Then Obtained under Assumption of Gaussian Field Statistics and a Squared Error Fidelity Criterion. a Procedure for Generating an Ensemble of 2-D Codewords Whose Statistics Satisfy the Variational Equations for R(D) is Given. These 2-D Codewords Are, by Space-Time Mappings, 1-D Tree Codes, and It is Noted that a Tree Coding Theorem of Jelinek, Berger, Davis and Hellman Applies. the Problem of …

Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Oil Recovery By The Electrothermic Technique, Samy Abdel-Hakeem El-Feky

Doctoral Dissertations

"This work investigates the feasibility of increasing oil recovery from petroleum reservoirs by the electrothermic technique. A mathematical model was developed for the prediction of reservoir response to heating by alternating electric current flow through the oil-bearing formations. The mathematical model was programmed in FORTRAN for solution on the IBM 370/168. The model used the finite difference technique to represent the differential equations that describe the system, and the sets of difference equations were solved by the Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP) and Successive Overrelaxation (SOR).

In order to verify the mathematical model, a set of experiments was conducted to determine …

Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Beam Webs In Bending, Shear, And A Combination Of Bending And Shear, Roger A. Laboube

Doctoral Dissertations

"An extensive experimental investigation has been conducted to study the load-carrying capacity of cold-formed steel web elements subjected to bending stress, shear stress, and a combination of bending and shear stresses. Emphasis has been concentrated on the instability and postbuckling strength of beam webs.

In the study of beam webs subjected only to bending, the postbuckling strength of web elements and the effect of the compression flange on the moment capacity have been carefully evaluated for beams having stiffened and unstiffened flanges. Based on 84 test results, formulas have been developed to predict the ultimate moment capacity of cold-formed steel …

Evaluation Of Zinc Sulfate Electrolytes By Cyclic Voltammetry And Electron Microscopy, Bruce A. Lamping, Thomas J. O'Keefe

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A cyclic voltammetric technique has been developed for approximating the quantities of active chemical species present in zinc sulfate electrolytes. The experimental apparatus consisted of a Pyrex "H" cell, an aluminum cathode encased in a Teflon holder, a carbon anode and a mercurous sulfate reference electrode. Voltammograms were obtained using industrial, purified neutral leach solution (Cominco Ltd., Trail, BC) acidified to give a final concentration of 0.77 M Zn++ and 1 M H2SO4. The polarization curves were then evaluated and used as reference standards to compare with results obtained when various organic and inorganic additions were made. The deposit morphologies …

Water And Energy, Frank Ellis

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy self-sufficiency or independence from foreign oil imports depends critically on the yet undeveloped domestic fossil fuel resources, particularly for the production of heat, which can be utilized in the conventional and technically feasible thermal energy cycles of steam-electric generators and prime movers, which can easily be replicated. An integral facet of the complex domestic energy development undertaking is the availability of water that may be required to convert the vast domestic coal and oil shale resources into usable energy forms. An orderly utilization of water resources must receive attention if sufficient development of fossil- fuel conversion energy systems is …

Over One Billion Tons Of Coal In 1985: Can The Railroad Industry Handle It?, Larry C. Peppers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Any evaluation of our country's resource potential must carefully consider the transport network and the constraints which it places upon future energy development and growth. The federal government has a vague goal of energy independence (or, at least, less energy dependence), but it has not developed a coherent energy plan—a critical element of which is energy transport. The paper analyzes the uncertain coal outlook facing the rail industry, translates these coal scenarios into alternative financial projections for the rail sector, and clarifies the most urgent federal decisions needed in the energy-transport policy matrix. The rail industry is being asked to …

A Total Present Worth Economic Comparison Of Coal And Nuclear Fuel Energy Alternatives, Dennis M. Tulenko, Phillip F. Ostwald, Klaus D. Timmerhaus

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper utilizes the total present worth concept to make an economic comparison for a 500 MWe electrical power generating station operated either with Eastern U.S. coal, Western U.S. coal or nuclear fuel. Arguments are presented to support the use of this concept for comparing the economic desirability of various energy alternatives used for generating electrical power.

The Impact Of Solar Central Electric Technology On The Regulated Utility, Donald A. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The generation of electricity by solar energy in the U.S. is moving from the design stage to the pilot plant stage. Some persons have argued that at least some of the base line technologies are competitors now or are approaching parity with other energy sources, at least when the social costs and benefits are considered. This paper evaluates briefly the institutional framework of the regulated electric utility, the proforma impact of a solar electric plant upon an operational utility. We conclude that under the present regulatory/institutional framework, the solar electric technology will be developed at a date that is slower …

Optimal Fuel Supply Control For Electrical Energy Systems -- A Real Time Computer Technique, J. Derald Morgan, Richard Thomas Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The techniques of linear-integer programming are applied to the problem of supplying coal to power plants. A heuristic technique for optimizing the supply of coal to power companies is created. The optimization minimizes the purchase, transportation, and demurrage costs of coal subject to power system operations, power plant demands, coal purchase supply, power plant coal handling operations, and transport options. A procedure for calculation and analysis of cost sensitivity of optimal solutions to input data perturbations is presented which utilizes the optimizing technique.

The nature of the constraint set developed allows for the inclusion of loading and unloading operations in …

A Method For Ascertaining The Effects Of The "Significant Deterioration Of Air Quality" Regulations On Energy Industries, James A. Crenshaw, Allan G. Pulsipher, Robert C. Shock

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

EPA has issued regulations to "prevent the significant deterioration" of air quality. Problems that states may encounter in implementing these regulations are described and an approach that states and utility systems can use to implement the prevention of significant deterioration regulations efficiently is given. The planning method can also be used to ascertain the economic effects of these regulations upon the energy industries in the state in question.

Household Demand Responsiveness To Peak Use Pricing: Implications Drawn From Experimental Studies Of Consumer Demand Behavior Of Both Humans And Animals, Raymond C. Battalio, John H. Kagel

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The authors approach the problem of demand responsiveness to peak use pricing from the perspective of experimental economists working in the area of consumer demand behavior. Results from experiments involving both human and laboratory animal consumers are presented suggesting that wide classes of house-_ hold economic activities will be quite responsive to changes in peak use pricing but that the demand for space heating and cooling will be highly inelastic without major changes in capital stocks. The reasons for these differences are discussed along with suggestions of low cost technologies for achieving greater price responsiveness in space heating and cooling …

Economic Implications Of Alternative Property Rights Systems For Geothermal Resources, Thomas D. Crocker

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A system of property claims in geothermal steam reservoirs is outlined that could cause the economically heat energy of the reservoir to be allocated among claimants and over time in a more efficient fashion. At most, the proposed scheme is second-best. It is nevertheless realistic.

On-Site Generation Of Electricity -- An Idea Whose Time Has Come, Thomas R. Casten

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Generation of electricity, on-site, with recapture of waste heat can save many area concerns up to 50% on their total energy costs today and save up to 60% of the total fossil fuel presently used. The very favorable economics result from increased utility costs -- a phenomenon of the past three years. The efficient use of fossil fuel is a feature of on-site power generation. This article traces the history of "total energy" and describes how and where on-site generation of electricity makes sense.

Regional Impacts Of The Energy Crisis On Agricultural Production, Dan Dvoskin, Earl O. Heady

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An interregional linear programming model of U.S. agricultural production is used to analyze the regional economic consequences of higher energy prices and a severe energy shortage in 1985.

The Realization Of An Educational Program For Improving Energy Efficiency In The Furniture Industry, Herbert M. Eckerlin, Albert S. Boyers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A new educational program in energy conservation has been developed by North Carolina State University for the furniture industry. This paper describes the development, implementation, and content of the program and presents some typical workshop problems applied to the furniture industry. Some measures of the effectiveness of this program are discussed and some important elements contributing to the success of the program are identified.

Net Energy Analysis Theoretical And Methodological Considerations, David A. Huetter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper takes a critical look at net energy analysis beginning with a summary of its major assumptions and objectives and an examination of the important theoretical and methodological difficulties encountered in this new discipline. An economic, rationale is developed for placing a positive value- on environmental services provided man by nature even when the supply of these services exceeds demand. The author concludes that the value weights developed by net energy analysis contain little information of use to decision makers and that the vitally needed insights of environmentalists, ecologists, energy analysts, and others can and should be integrated into …

Energy Conservation In Aeronautical Ground Testing, R. W. Hensel

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Large aeronautical ground test facilities, particularly continuous flow wind tunnels and engine altitude test cells, are large users of electricity. Because of the correspondingly high absolute cost of energy, these facilities generally maintain continual programs to minimize both energy and power levels consistent with achievement of testing objectives. The recent sharp increases in kilowatt-hour costs (overall rates doubled within two years at the U. S. Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center, for example) have resulted in a proportional rise in efforts to effect further economies. The various methods available to reduce electricity costs fall in three categories: (1) methods related …

Design Of A Large Solar Heating System For A Campus Complex Of Buildings, John R. Schneider, Sherril F. Glover

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The design program is presented describing the world's largest central solar heating system developed for the Saudi Arabian Government. Domestic hot water and building space heating is provided for a campus complex of fourteen buildings. Feasibility studies through the final design are discussed.

Prospecting And Developing Coal Reserves In The Western Interior Coal Region, Charles E. Robertson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Increased coal production in the Western Interior Coal Region is anticipated. Development of coal resources in the region is, however, beset by some serious problems including thin seams, high sulfur content and dissection by pre-glacial and contemporaneous stream channels. Problems frequently encountered in prospecting and developing coal resources in the region are discussed.

Solar Energy Utilization And Resource Recovery Application In Space Heating, Panos Kokoropoulos, Raghupathy Bollini

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper describes a hybrid system consisting of solar flat plate collectors and resource recovery system which is being proposed for space heating of a moderate sized building. The procedure for calculating the size of the solar system is outlined. Methane produced from the university's wastewater treatment plant is used for supplementary heat for space heating and for waste reduction. The use of such a hybrid system results in the conservation of significant amounts of fossil fuels. Economics of the proposed system are also outlined.

A Solar Energy System For Domestic Hot Water, Thomas J. Mcnamara

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

To help reduce natural gas consumption and operating costs a domestic hot water heating solar energy system is to be retrofitted and integrated into the existing conventional mechanical systems. This installation would not only provide substantial fuel cost savings to the Museum, but it would also provide a means of showing and explaining the operation of an actual working solar energy system to the large number of daily visitors to the Museum. This report explains the design, operation and performance of that solar energy system.

Energy Conversion Efficiency Versus Energy Utilization Effectiveness, Yildirim Omurtag, Donald A. Cline

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper provides a brief outline of thermodynamics of energy conversion and efficiency concepts to establish a basis for the following argument that energy conversion is essentially a technical problem to be solved within the constraints of available technological know-how, whereas energy use effectiveness is largely a management problem which requires a somewhat different approach. An attempt is made to show that significant economic contributions can be made by improved management of energy use within the existing technological boundaries.

Energy Use And Technological Progress, C. E. Moody Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In conclusion, the evidence seems to be consistent with the hypotheses that energy is not an omitted variable in the value added production function, that energy use is associated with but not a prerequisite for productivity growth, that technological progress can be energy saving as well as energy using, and that increasing output measured as real GNP can be achieved with a less than proportionate increase in energy use.

Coal-Oil Slurries As A Device To Conserve Fuel Oil In Existing Industrial Furnaces, Lee Carter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Coal-oil slurries constitute a device for extending the supply of heavy fuel oil by admixing up to 40$ of ground coal. The resultant slurry can be pumped and burned in standard heavy fuel oil equipment. This paper deals with history, technology and the ERDA program for exploiting the coal-oil slurry idea. It offers a prognosis for program execution and final outcome.

Future Growth Of Electric Power Demand In The South Atlantic Region, W. S. Chern, S. B. Caudill, B. D. Holcomb, W. W. Lin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A reliable forecast of electricity demand is essential for evaluating the future need for additional electricity generating capacity. Such an evaluation has important implications for public policies on the research and development of energy technologies, particularly those technologies related to electricity generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. The purposes of this paper are to discuss a methodology used in forecasting electricity demand on a state basis and to present some preliminary demand forecasts, by sector, for the eight states in the South Atlantic region. Although the models presented here were developed for this region, we are currently developing similar models for …

Local Data And The Role Of Price In Energy Conservation, John J. Snyder

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A preliminary report is presented on an econometric demand study of residential electricity in Colorado municipalities. The data base consists of fifteen years of annual data for each of 33 communities. This permits electricity price data to be taken directly from residential rate-schedules.

Developing An Experimental Oil Shale Mine, Stephen Utter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

As part of their Energy Research and Development Program, the Bureau of Mines is developing an experimental oil shale mine facility in the central Piceance Creek Basin of northwestern Colorado.

This paper describes the results of their exploration program and hydrological investigation, the preliminary mine layout, and plans for the large-diameter bored shaft.