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Articles 15451 - 15480 of 21740

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Taj Mahal – An Appraisal Of Foundation Performance, A. S. R. Rao, Swami Saran, S. C. Handa, G. Ramasamy, M. N. Viladkar Jun 1993

Taj Mahal – An Appraisal Of Foundation Performance, A. S. R. Rao, Swami Saran, S. C. Handa, G. Ramasamy, M. N. Viladkar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Because of severe restrictions placed by the National Authority, no authentic data on subsoil details below Taj Mahal - a protected monument - is available. For the first time, an attempt has been made to fill in gaps that exist in our knowledge of subsoil profile below the structure and present a plausible appraisal of foundation performance during the existence of the structure. Since details of foundations cited in literature on Taj Mahal really fall into the realms of architectural conjecture, in the present analysis, engineering intuition and judgement have gone into making certain premises regarding the probable type, dimensions …

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The Performance Of Structures After Imposed Rotations, T. Amirsoleymani Jun 1993

The Performance Of Structures After Imposed Rotations, T. Amirsoleymani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

After the initial full loading of two similar grain silos, which were built on silty sand, the Export-Import Building tilted toward the Working Tower and the joints between the two structures closed. The lateral force caused cracks in the columns of E-I Buildings. Two different methods were used to rotate the structure. The first method was based on the uneven loading of structures. The second method vas to remove thin layers of soil by chains under the foundations. The B-I Buildings were successfully rotated at both sites in 1989. The measurements for settlement and tilt were made to compare the …

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Behavior Of A Breakwater On Soft Sediments – Failure And Success, S-C. R. Lo, S-Q Li Jun 1993

Behavior Of A Breakwater On Soft Sediments – Failure And Success, S-C. R. Lo, S-Q Li

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The observed responses during the staged construction of an unreinforced section and a reinforced section of a breakwater founded on soft sediments are presented. Both sections were instrumented and the unreinforced section approached instability at the end of Stage I construction. A series of Class 'C' predictions were made with three different analytical methods. It was particularly difficult to predict the impending instability of the unreinforced section. A fully coupled finite element analysis, with close modelling of the construction sequence and using a strain softening model for the foundation clay, was needed to predict all the observations.

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Calibrated Dynamic Response Analysis Of Stafford Dam, L. H. Mejia, R. W. Boulanger Jun 1993

Calibrated Dynamic Response Analysis Of Stafford Dam, L. H. Mejia, R. W. Boulanger

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Stafford Dam, an approximately 79-ft high compacted earthfill founded on stream alluvium approximately 40 feet thick, was shaken by the 1989 Lorna Prieta Earthquake. Records of the earthquake motions were obtained from seismographs located at the dam crest and at the right abutment on rock. Two-dimensional dynamic finite element analyses were performed to calibrate a model of the dam using the recorded motions. Excellent agreement between the recorded and calculated response was obtained by appropriate adjustments to material parameters based on shear wave velocity measurements. Various deconvolution methods for obtaining input bedrock motions to calculate the dam response are discussed.

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Discussions And Replies Session 2, Wu Yingwoei, B. B. K. Huat, Ming-Hung Chen, Wade E. Cooper, Ioan Stanculescu, Anton Chirica, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto Jun 1993

Discussions And Replies Session 2, Wu Yingwoei, B. B. K. Huat, Ming-Hung Chen, Wade E. Cooper, Ioan Stanculescu, Anton Chirica, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Foundations For Large Embankments, F. Colleselli, G. Cortellazzo Jun 1993

Foundations For Large Embankments, F. Colleselli, G. Cortellazzo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This report deals with problems connected with the design and construction of two levees built on thick soft compressible soils in the Po Delta. Settlement and pore pressure measurements in foundation soils, taken for about four years during and after construction by means of complete geotechnical instrumentation, were compared with results obtained through various methods during both design and back-analysis phases. Back-analysis was carried out using numerical simulations with finite-element programs. Considerations of the problems of the global stability of the embankments during the various construction phases are also presented.

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Geotechnical Prediction And Performance Of Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier, J. Lindenberg, A. Plooster, J. P. F. M. Janssen Jun 1993

Geotechnical Prediction And Performance Of Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier, J. Lindenberg, A. Plooster, J. P. F. M. Janssen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The construction of the Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier was completed in 1986. The monitoring system meant to verify the functioning of the barrier during storm conditions became operational in 1988. Data concerning the geotechnical response was collected during the 4 days storm period between February 26 and March 2, 1990. In the paper some results are described. Conclusions with respect to the expected behaviour of the barrier during more extreme storms in future will be drawn in near future.

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Geotechnical Problems Of Dam Sites And Their Solution With Reference To The Projects Of Eastern India, S. Gangopadhyay Jun 1993

Geotechnical Problems Of Dam Sites And Their Solution With Reference To The Projects Of Eastern India, S. Gangopadhyay

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical problems of dam construction are associated with adverse geological conditions of the dam site like soft rock, fault, shear zone, joints, weathering, permeable bouldery deposit, soluble rocks, ancient slide etc. In many of the dam sites of eastern India where one or more of such adverse conditions exist, the dam could be safely constructed by treatment of foundation defects. In some cases, however, a new site with less geologic problem was chosen with consequent modification in the project scheme.

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Ground Anchors Stabilize Highway Bridge Abutments, N. H. Wade, G. W. Davies Jun 1993

Ground Anchors Stabilize Highway Bridge Abutments, N. H. Wade, G. W. Davies

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Calgary's Glenmore Causeway, constructed in 1962 across the Elbow River, consists of an earthfill embankment with a waterway spanned by a 43 m long bridge, the abutments of which are supported on spread footings founded in the embankment fill. Between the 25 m deep sand and gravel embankment fill and the sub-horizontal bedrock surface is a compressible clay layer up to 5 m thick. To improve abutment stability during peak river flows, 126 post-tensioned Dywidag ground anchors up to 60 m long were installed through the concrete slabs armouring the abutment slopes. Twenty-two anchors were terminated in the embankment fill …

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Nipigon River Landslide, R. B. Dodds, J. P. Burak, K. D. Eigenbrod Jun 1993

Nipigon River Landslide, R. B. Dodds, J. P. Burak, K. D. Eigenbrod

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A massive landslide occurred on the Nipigon River, north of the Town of Nipigon, Ontario, Canada in the early morning hours of April 23, 1990 and involved an estimated 300,000 cu m of soil. Although there was no loss of life, there were significant environmental and economic impacts. Discussed in this paper are the investigations carried out after the slide, the events prior to and the factors contributing to, the slide.

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Performance Of A Low Embankment On A Soft Soil Deposit, Gerald P. Raymond Jun 1993

Performance Of A Low Embankment On A Soft Soil Deposit, Gerald P. Raymond

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The design and performance of a surcharged highway embankment across a 45 metre thick soft soil deposit is described. Using theoretical soil mechanics concepts it was predicted that the long-term stability necessitated the use of berms despite the fact that an undrained strength analysis based on in situ vane tests predicted a reasonable factor of safety. This fact is supported by the performance of an existing road. Consideration of both theoretical soil mechanics concepts and practical considerations suggested that the berms should be construction prior to the central fill and from their outer limits towards the centre. The central fill …

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Seepage Through Mine Tailings Dams, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea Jun 1993

Seepage Through Mine Tailings Dams, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A determination of the phreatic surface in dams constructed of coal refuse, under the criteria set forth in the National Dam Safety Act was made. All of these dams were over 20 years old. Most of the embankments studied were not constructed with any compaction specification and no effort was made to compact the coal refuse. A comparison of actual phreatic surface to the theoretically predicted surface is made using the classical seepage theory and the computer program SEEP. The embankments are old enough to present the steady slope phreatic surface, and thus, provide a good check of the ability …

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Seismic Failure Of Barahona Tailings Dam, J. H. Troncoso, A. Vergara, A. Avendaño Jun 1993

Seismic Failure Of Barahona Tailings Dam, J. H. Troncoso, A. Vergara, A. Avendaño

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The seismic failure of Barahona Tailings Dam has been analyzed. Causes of failure were decrease of the shear strength of the slimes and large displacements and breaching of the sand dikes. The dikes were partially founded on the unconsolidated slimes because the dam was built by the upstream method. Liquefied tailings flowed violently down the courses of Barahona creek and Cachapoal River causing heavy destruction over a 50 km long path. It is concluded that the upstream method of construction of tailings dams should not be encouraged in seismic zones; however, it could be considered as an alternative solution, provided …

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Session 2 Concluding Remarks, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto Jun 1993

Session 2 Concluding Remarks, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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General Report Session No. 3: Case Histories Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Steven L. Kramer, Peter K. Robertson Jun 1993

General Report Session No. 3: Case Histories Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Steven L. Kramer, Peter K. Robertson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential Of Coal Slurry, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea, Shamsher Prakash Jun 1993

Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential Of Coal Slurry, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea, Shamsher Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Hundreds of coal refuse impoundments are constructed each year to dispose of coarse and fine coal refuse. As the need for more sites develops, the suitability of available sites decreases. This creates the need for alternative construction practices such as upstream tailings dam construction methods. These methods raise the question of how to analyze the seismic and liquefaction stability of these structures. The use of down hole nuclear density and moisture probes provides a reliable method for assessing the potential stability issues for these types of structures.

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Failures Of Quay Walls During Chilean Earthquake Of March 1985, P. Ortigosa, E. Retamal, R. V. Whitman Jun 1993

Failures Of Quay Walls During Chilean Earthquake Of March 1985, P. Ortigosa, E. Retamal, R. V. Whitman

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Extensive damage took place in the quay walls in the Ports of Valparaíso and San Antonio during the Chilean earthquake of March 1985. Different types of retaining structures such as gravity retaining walls built with concrete blocks, sheetpiles and decks on vertical piles were subjected to large shaking ranging from 0.3 - 0.45g at Valparaíso Port to more than 0.6g at San Antonio. Some of the retaining structures collapsed and others behave quite well. In addition, some liquefaction and settlements in the sandy fill below the yards did occur at San Antonio, along with permanent displacements in the fill slope …

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Gravelly Soil Properties By Field And Laboratory Tests, Takaaki Konno, Yoshio Suzuki, Akira Tateishi, Kenji Ishihara, Kinji Akino, Setsuo Iizuka Jun 1993

Gravelly Soil Properties By Field And Laboratory Tests, Takaaki Konno, Yoshio Suzuki, Akira Tateishi, Kenji Ishihara, Kinji Akino, Setsuo Iizuka

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The basic policy in Japan is to build nuclear reactor buildings on rock. But, in order to cope with the middle and long term siting problems it has become necessary to develop new siting technology from the standpoint of expanding the available range of site selections and effective utilization of lands. The gravelly soil layer in the Quaternary deposits has high possibility of becoming the bearing soil stratum when constructing a nuclear power plant. In order to verify the seismic stability of such gravelly soil layers, a series of field dynamic and static torsional loading tests for large scale in-situ …

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Jet Grouting To Reduce Liquefaction Potential, K. W. Tsai, C. K. Chou, J. C. Chang, W. H. Wang Jun 1993

Jet Grouting To Reduce Liquefaction Potential, K. W. Tsai, C. K. Chou, J. C. Chang, W. H. Wang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A compaction sand piling technique was abandoned after it caused excessive vibrations in buildings adjacent to the construction site. Various alternatives were evaluated, but none could provide certainty of acceptance by the residential community without causing schedule delay and other construction complications. A vibration-free jet grouting method was, therefore adopted for ground improvement to reduce liquefaction potential at the site. Modifications in grouting procedure details were implemented to overcome problems caused by the site conditions.

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Liquefaction Study Eastern Scheldt Foreshore, T. P. Stoutjesdijk Jun 1993

Liquefaction Study Eastern Scheldt Foreshore, T. P. Stoutjesdijk

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

All available methods to obtain insight into the flow slide susceptibility have been applied on one location. This demonstrates, that the level of available knowledge is of influence on the quality of the advice. An overview of the methods and the results is given. The results are discussed. The conclusion is, that advanced study improves the understanding of uncertainties, and therefore gives a better assessment of risks. In this case, insight lead to the advice that no expensive measures were necessary, at least for part of the location.

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Response Of Two Dams In The 1987 Whittier Narrows Earthquake, R. W. Boulanger, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed Jun 1993

Response Of Two Dams In The 1987 Whittier Narrows Earthquake, R. W. Boulanger, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake (ML = 5.9) shook two dams, the Puddingstone and Cogswell dams, which were instrumented as part of the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP). The resulting recorded accelerograms provided a valuable opportunity to investigate and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of conventional geotechnical procedures for evaluation of dynamic response characteristics of earth and rockfill dams. This paper presents the results of these studies, which provide insight regarding current techniques for dynamic soil property evaluation and the applicability of one- and two-dimensional analytical procedures to evaluation of the dynamic response of these types of dams.

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Analyzing Man-Made Vibrations, Diagnostics And Monitoring, M. R. Svinkin Jun 1993

Analyzing Man-Made Vibrations, Diagnostics And Monitoring, M. R. Svinkin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Machine foundation and construction vibrations ate main industrial man-made vibrating sources. Eight presented case histories are divided on two groups: machine foundation oscillations and seismic effect of man-made vibrations. There is the attempt in this paper to suggest a guideline for determination the causes of arisen perceptible machine foundation vibrations. Some case histories are described shortly using the following set-up: arisen problem, field investigation and measurements, the suggested solution, the performance, and final results. Others case histories are elaborated in details.

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Combined Isolation Foundation By Elastic Base Plate And Ground Barriers, Guang-Yun Gao, Xian-Jian Yang Jun 1993

Combined Isolation Foundation By Elastic Base Plate And Ground Barriers, Guang-Yun Gao, Xian-Jian Yang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A high sensitive and large semi-anechoic chamber, designed by a new system of isolation is reported in this paper. The combined isolation of a large size elastic plate on sand cushion and pile barriers was used in this system. By properly designing the stiffness of elastic base plate, the amplitude of the anechoic chamber floor under the action of dynamic toad of testing vehicle can be controlled within the allowed range of accuracy. This new system has been conformed with the disturbance of outside of vibration on anechoic chamber (passive vibration isolation) and with that of vehicle testing inside the …

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Rock Music Induced Damage And Vibration At Nya Ullevi Stadium, A. Bodare, S. Erlingsson Jun 1993

Rock Music Induced Damage And Vibration At Nya Ullevi Stadium, A. Bodare, S. Erlingsson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two rock concerts were held in the City of Gothenburg, Sweden at Nya Ullevi soccer stadium the summer of 985. The stadium is founded on driven piles in soft clay. An enthusiastic audience was jumping in time to the songs. Violent vibrations of the suspension wires and in the cantilever roof beams of the structure were observed and damage to the roof and the building itself was detected after the concerts. People on the pitch and inside the stadium building experienced excessive vibrations. Residential buildings 400 m away experienced vibrations. Concerts are at present not permitted at the stadium. The …

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Augercast Pile Retaining Walls, D. W. Hohmeyer Jun 1993

Augercast Pile Retaining Walls, D. W. Hohmeyer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case study is presented concerning the design and construction of two retaining walls constructed with augercast piles. The paper describes the successful use of augercast piles for retaining walls with heights of 22.0 and 32.0 feet. The 22.0 foot permanent wall was tied back to an existing structure. The temporary wall used a circular configuration and vertical anchor piles to obtain a 32.0 foot wall height without tiebacks or bracing.

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Behavior Of A Braced Sheet Pile Wall In Soft Clay, T. Edstam, Leif Jendeby Jun 1993

Behavior Of A Braced Sheet Pile Wall In Soft Clay, T. Edstam, Leif Jendeby

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The earth pressure distribution against, and the displacement of, a braced sheet pile wall in soft clay have been examined. In connection with the construction of a fly-over, on the west cost of Sweden, two sections of a braced sheet pile wall were instrumented. The instrumentation consisted of earth pressure cells and inclinometer pipes mounted on three sheet piles. The sheet pile wall was also analyzed by means of the FLAC code in which the interaction between the sheet pile wall, the struts and the soil was studied. The movements and the calculations are compared with a conventional design method …

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Behavior Of Braced Sheetpile Excavation In Detroit Clay, H. Abedi, T. G. Porter, B. H. Lien, J. A. Ramos Jun 1993

Behavior Of Braced Sheetpile Excavation In Detroit Clay, H. Abedi, T. G. Porter, B. H. Lien, J. A. Ramos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents the design criteria, finite element modeling and actual behavior of a braced sheetpile excavation in Detroit soft clay. Due to the close proximity of existing structures to the excavation, a detailed analysis was performed to design and construct an earth retention system to avoid damage to these structures. The excavation involved a 170 ft by 220 ft area. The maximum depth of excavation was 23.5 ft. The subsurface soil consists of soft to very soft Detroit clay from the excavation level to a depth of 80 ft and has an undrained shear strength as low as 360 …

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Behavior Of Deep Excavations Using Sheet Pile Bracing System In Soft Bangkok Clay, Wanchai Teparaksa Jun 1993

Behavior Of Deep Excavations Using Sheet Pile Bracing System In Soft Bangkok Clay, Wanchai Teparaksa

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The sheet pile bracing system is the most well-known for excavation work in Bangkok soft marine clay. The sheet pile wall which is defined as flexible wall will show a large significant of lateral deformation and ground surface settlement if the excavation system is carried out without a good quality control. The sheet pile bracing system with fully effective preloading strut system was designed for basement excavation of 11.3 m. deep of Bai Yok Tower II. The results indicate that berm width can reduce the maximum sheet pile wall deflection only at the first three stages of excavation. The fully …

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Braced Excavation At The Nipsco Bailly Station Power Plant, J. D. Bray, R. J. Deschamps, Ad. J. Augello, R. S. Parkison Jun 1993

Braced Excavation At The Nipsco Bailly Station Power Plant, J. D. Bray, R. J. Deschamps, Ad. J. Augello, R. S. Parkison

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In July 1991, the intake and discharge pipelines of a major power plant collapsed. A 60-ft. deep excavation adjacent to several structures sensitive to ground movements was required- for remediation. Based on conventional analyses, the estimated factor of safety against base heave was close to 1. 0 for the required excavation, and there was grave concern for damage to appurtenant structures. A viable reconstruction scheme was developed through the integration of finite element analyses and construction monitoring.

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Dewatering Of A Large Excavation Pit By Wellpoints, M. U. Ergun, M. S. Nalçakan Jun 1993

Dewatering Of A Large Excavation Pit By Wellpoints, M. U. Ergun, M. S. Nalçakan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An excavation, rectangular in dimensions of 55 m x 95 m at the base and approximately 120 m x 160 m at the ground surface was made possible by the use of multi-staged wellpoint dewatering system. Groundwater table was lowered more than 20 meters using four stage wellpoint system to construct the main wastewater pump station for the city of Izmir. The most significant soil parameter affecting the planning and design of the dewatering work is the coefficient of field permeability, and it has been directly measured by a large scale pumping test at the site. During dewatering and construction …

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