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Articles 13381 - 13410 of 21751

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Displacement-Based Design Criteria For Gravity Retaining Walls In Light Of Recent Earthquakes, Donald Wotring, Glen Andersen Mar 2001

Displacement-Based Design Criteria For Gravity Retaining Walls In Light Of Recent Earthquakes, Donald Wotring, Glen Andersen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In the last 20 years many large earthquakes have occurred giving the geotechnical community an abundance of data available for analysis. Richards and Elms (1979) developed a design method for gravity retaining walls based on finite displacements, in accordance with the Newmark (1965) sliding block analysis and the Franklin and Chang (1977) earthquake records analysis. Richards and Elms approximated an upper bound to Franklin and Chang’s curves with an expression that permits a designer to choose an allowable displacement to determine the required wall weight for a particular peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity. A preliminary investigation of digitized …

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Shaking Table Tests Of Seismic Pile-Soil-Pier Structure Interaction, Xiao Wei, Lichu Fan, Xiaoping Wu Mar 2001

Shaking Table Tests Of Seismic Pile-Soil-Pier Structure Interaction, Xiao Wei, Lichu Fan, Xiaoping Wu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The limited strong earthquake database on structure and pile performance obstructs obtaining further progress in soil-pile structure interaction problem. Model test in laboratory is one of the best ways to expand the database of structure and pile performance during earthquake. In this paper, the problem of pile-soil-pier-structure interaction is investigated by shake table test approach, and on the development of the sandy box for SPSSI test is firstly introduced. Through free field test, the validation of the model container was evaluated by comparisons of soil acceleration records with those numerically calculated by SHAKE91. Secondly, four specimen to simulate friction pile …

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Refining Historical Earthquake Data Through Modeling And Scale Model Tests, Jong-Rim Lee, In-Kil Choi, Jeong-Moon Seo, Yo-Yoon Cho Mar 2001

Refining Historical Earthquake Data Through Modeling And Scale Model Tests, Jong-Rim Lee, In-Kil Choi, Jeong-Moon Seo, Yo-Yoon Cho

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This study was performed for the reevaluation of historical earthquake records which occurred in Korea through tests and numerical analyses. For the scale model tests, static and cyclic lateral load tests on wooden frames that constitute a Korean ancient commoner’s house were conducted. Full-scale models of two types of frames were used for testing. Two 1:4 scale models were tested for rock and soil foundation conditions. Scaled real earthquake time histories were inputted for the tests. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the collapse of the house at the soil site was 0.25g, whereas PGA for moderate damage at the …

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Reproduction Of Lateral Ground Displacements And Lateral-Flow Earth Pressures Acting On Pile Foundations Using Centrifuge Modeling, Masyoshi Sato, Masafumi Ogasawara, Takashi Tazoh Mar 2001

Reproduction Of Lateral Ground Displacements And Lateral-Flow Earth Pressures Acting On Pile Foundations Using Centrifuge Modeling, Masyoshi Sato, Masafumi Ogasawara, Takashi Tazoh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Dynamic centrifuge model tests were conducted to simulate the seismically-induced displacements of sheet pile quay walls, in order to understand the mechanisms of lateral ground flow of liquefied soil and to evaluate the effects of the lateral-flow earth pressures acting on pile foundations. Two wall-structure-soil model systems were prepared in a laminar container with the inner dimensions of 31.5cm in the height, 47.5cm in the width and 80cm in the length. Shaking table tests were performed under a centrifuge acceleration of 30 g. The first model was designed to simulate the lateral ground flow displacements both during shakings and post …

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Geotechnical Factors In Recent Earthquake-Induced Structural Failures In Greece, Aris C. Stamatopoulos, Constantine A. Stamatopoulos, Stavros G. Aneroussis Mar 2001

Geotechnical Factors In Recent Earthquake-Induced Structural Failures In Greece, Aris C. Stamatopoulos, Constantine A. Stamatopoulos, Stavros G. Aneroussis

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A review is made of geotechnical factors that played an important role in three recent earthquake-induced failures, two of which were deadly. The first two catastrophes concern two five-storey hotels that collapsed during the “Alkyonides earthquake” of 24 February 1981 (M=6.7) and the “Egion earthquake” of 15 June 1995 (M=6.2). The third failure is the collapse of a multi-storey factory caused by the “Athens earthquake” of 7 September 1999 (M=5.9). In the first two catastrophes, ground subsidence was estimated by two different methods and was found to be of the order of 0.13 to 0.46 m. These estimates are based …

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The Behavior Of Retaining Walls Under 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, Yung-Show Fang, Tsang-Jiang Chen, Yu-Chih Yang, Cheng-Chieh Tang Mar 2001

The Behavior Of Retaining Walls Under 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, Yung-Show Fang, Tsang-Jiang Chen, Yu-Chih Yang, Cheng-Chieh Tang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper reports failure of retaining structures related to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. On September 21 of 1999, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale struck Taiwan. At the site near Tou-Sheh, overturning failure was observed on a 2.5 m-high gravity wall located near the epicenter. At the site near the Temple of Ten-thousand Buddha, a masonry wall constructed with cobble was damaged. Upper part of wall shifted outward about 0.2 m with respect to its lower part. At the site of Cinema-Culture Town, a gravity wall built on top of the Che-Lung-Pu fault was severely …

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Soil Column Response And Liquefaction Analyses, Sanjeev Kumar Mar 2001

Soil Column Response And Liquefaction Analyses, Sanjeev Kumar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents the procedure and results of soil column response (ground response) and liquefaction analyses performed for a site located in St. Charles, Missouri. Synthetic earthquake time histories were developed since recorded strong ground motion data for Central United States are not available. For ground response analysis, synthetic earthquake time histories and ground motions from two earthquakes in Canada were used. Synthetic time histories were generated using attenuation relationships for Central and Eastern United States. Liquefaction analysis was performed using the widely used simplified procedure which involves comparison of Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) and Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR).

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Geotechnical Lessons Learnt From Neftegorsk Earthquake, Mark A. Klyachko Mar 2001

Geotechnical Lessons Learnt From Neftegorsk Earthquake, Mark A. Klyachko

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Under Neftegorsk (North Sakhalin) earthquake (1:04 a.m. local time, 05.28.95) 17 residential large-block houses were fully collapsed and killed almost everybody of inhabitants. Most of investigators explain this tragedy by poor construction. Other cause related to soil condition is under consideration. The author argues that “soil version” is more reasonable and significant than “construction version”. Neftegorsk is located on the sand deposits and just inundated sands, which were in basement of the 5-story buildings and had a liquefaction ability, could provoke a rapid inhomogeneous buildings settlements under vertical earthquake component. Thus, the absence of forehanded geotechical analysis under new seismic …

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Effective Stress Analysis Of Pile Foundations Showing Various Damage Patterns In Liquefied Deposits During 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, Masanobu Miyazaki, Sadayuki Ishizaki, Kohji Tokimatsu Mar 2001

Effective Stress Analysis Of Pile Foundations Showing Various Damage Patterns In Liquefied Deposits During 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, Masanobu Miyazaki, Sadayuki Ishizaki, Kohji Tokimatsu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Effective stress analysis is conducted for six buildings that suffered various patterns of damage during soil liquefaction in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, in order to examine major causes of the damage as well as the effectiveness of the analytical procedure. A comparison of the computed result with the filed observation indicates that the effective stress analysis is capable of discriminating damaged from undamaged foundations as well as of estimating the damage portion and severity with a reasonable degree of reliability. The analytical result also shows that: (1) the damage to pile heads is mainly due to the inertia force from …

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Near Source Strong Ground Motion Simulation For Kocaeli Earthquake (1999), Abdullah Can Zulfikar, Hirokazu Takemiya Mar 2001

Near Source Strong Ground Motion Simulation For Kocaeli Earthquake (1999), Abdullah Can Zulfikar, Hirokazu Takemiya

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A near field strong ground motion simulation was carried out due to fault rupturing in the Kocaeli Earthquake (1999). The ground motions are simulated by the convolution scheme in time for source function and in space along rupture direction with the layered soil Green's function method based on the kinematic dislocation model. The effects of the asperities in the fault rupturing are focused considering inhomogeneous rupture mechanism in terms of a multiple asperities. The synthetic motions based on the inversion information from the observed data are compared well with the YPT (Yarimca Petrochemical Complex) record of the Kocaeli Earthquake. The …

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Soil Liquefaction And Ground Settlement In Chi-Chi Taiwan, Earthquake, Der-Her Lee, Chih-Sheng Ku, C. Hsein Juang Mar 2001

Soil Liquefaction And Ground Settlement In Chi-Chi Taiwan, Earthquake, Der-Her Lee, Chih-Sheng Ku, C. Hsein Juang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents an investigation of soil liquefaction and ground settlement in the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. The quake killed more than 2400 people and caused a great destruction to buildings, bridges, dams, highways and railways. One of the causes for heavy damages to the structures is soil liquefaction and ground settlement during the earthquake. Six sites that were observed to experience liquefaction are investigated through cone penetration testing (CPT), and the liquefaction potential of each site and the settlement of the liquefied soil strata are analyzed.

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Damage From Collapsed Backfill Rock And Soils Behind Retaining Walls Caused By Earthquake Shaking, Chester A. Carville Mar 2001

Damage From Collapsed Backfill Rock And Soils Behind Retaining Walls Caused By Earthquake Shaking, Chester A. Carville

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The 17 January 1994 Northridge Earthquake caused extensive damage to thousands of buildings and condominiums throughout the San Fernando Valley. Not only to the buildings’ structure, but also to the foundations and subdrain systems. This author investigated and documented hundreds of cases where condominium units experienced similar symptoms of damage resulting from collapsed backfill rock and soils from the earthquake forces. A typical condominium building investigated was of three story construction with an 8 to 10 foot high retaining wall on three sides of the 4 to 10 unit building to contain the garages and utility rooms. Some building slabs …

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Development Of Supreme Super High-Density Realtime Disaster Mitigation System For Gas Supply System, Yoshihisa Shimizu, Kenichi Koganemaru, Wataru Nakayama, Fumio Yamazaki Mar 2001

Development Of Supreme Super High-Density Realtime Disaster Mitigation System For Gas Supply System, Yoshihisa Shimizu, Kenichi Koganemaru, Wataru Nakayama, Fumio Yamazaki

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

With the 3,700 New SI sensors installed throughout its service area (3,100 km2), Tokyo Gas has started to develop its super high-density real-time disaster mitigation system "SUPREME" for gas supply systems. Immediately after an earthquake, seismic data from the New SI sensors is relayed to the main system where extremely precise estimates of the damage are made on the spot. Damage estimation consists of making an estimate of the surface distribution of seismic motion that takes account of the site amplification factor, and making an estimate of damage to the pipeline network that takes account of factors such …

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Seismic Microzonation Of Central Khartoum, Sudan, Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein, Jamal A. Abdalla, Ahmed M. Elsharief, Abu Bakr Abdelwahab, Elfatih O. Ahmed Mar 2001

Seismic Microzonation Of Central Khartoum, Sudan, Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein, Jamal A. Abdalla, Ahmed M. Elsharief, Abu Bakr Abdelwahab, Elfatih O. Ahmed

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A preliminary seismic microzonation of Central Khartoum, Sudan is proposed. Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is located at the confluence of White and Blue Niles. The city is heavily populated. The Central Khartoum with its high rise buildings is the center of governmental and business activities and is located on strip adjacent to the Blue Nile. Geological and geotechnical data indicated that the subsoil conditions at Central Khartoum are characterized by alluvial deposits underlain by Nubian Sandstone below a depth of 20 m. The alluvial deposits locally known as Gezira formations, consist of clays grading into silt and sand with …

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Recent Studies On Seismic Analysis And Design Of Retaining Structures, Susumu Iai Mar 2001

Recent Studies On Seismic Analysis And Design Of Retaining Structures, Susumu Iai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The studies on seismic analysis and design of retaining walls in the recent years have revolved around the wall performance in the near-source zones. Major developments include: (1) the conventional limit equilibrium approach is extended based on the multiple failure plane concept; (2) a set of design charts for evaluating residual horizontal displacement of a gravity wall on yielding foundation are developed based on the parametric effective stress analysis; (3) applicability of the effective stress analysis on the retaining wall performance is confirmed by the case history during Hyogoken-Nambu, Kobe, earthquake; (4) major earthquake motion parameters that govern the wall …

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Dam Engineering — Earthquake Analysis, Pedro Simão Sêco E Pinto Mar 2001

Dam Engineering — Earthquake Analysis, Pedro Simão Sêco E Pinto

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of dams subjected to earthquakes is addressed with particular emphasis of recent earthquakes. Analysis of dams stability during earthquakes by experimental and mathematical models is referred. Foundation studies for soil and rock materials are described and assessment of liquefaction potential is discussed. Selection of design earthquakes by deterministic and probabilistic criteria is presented. Also neotectonics and attenuation relations are described. Monitoring and dam safety during construction and operation are addressed. Reservoir induced seismicity and prototype dynamic tests are treated. Ageing effects and rehabilitation of dams are discussed. Benefits and concerns of dams are referred. Risk analysis is addressed. …

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Co-Sponsors, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Co-Sponsors, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Conference Schedule, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Conference Schedule, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Citation (Kenji Ishihara), Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Citation (Kenji Ishihara), Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Spouses Program, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Spouses Program, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Dynamic Response Of Mud In The Field Soil Improvement With Dynamic Drainage Consolidation, Zhangming Li, Mengdong Li, Qiang Feng Mar 2001

Dynamic Response Of Mud In The Field Soil Improvement With Dynamic Drainage Consolidation, Zhangming Li, Mengdong Li, Qiang Feng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic drainage consolidation (DDC) method is a relatively new technology for soft soil improvement. The method was adopted for the improvement of the mud at a site for the construction of a highway. The in-situ monitoring on the porewater pressures and settlements of the mud were taken for understanding its field dynamic properties. The site original data on the mechanical responses of the mud under dynamic loading were obtained and analyzed. The some important phenomena on pore water pressures were observed. The settlements induced by dynamic tamping and soil fill were also observed. Some basic mechanisms on the behavior …

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Evaluation Of Deformation-Strength Properties Of Volcanic Soils By Laboratory And In-Situ Testings, Tsuyoshi Asonuma, Seiichi Miura, Munetaka Mae Mar 2001

Evaluation Of Deformation-Strength Properties Of Volcanic Soils By Laboratory And In-Situ Testings, Tsuyoshi Asonuma, Seiichi Miura, Munetaka Mae

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The present study aims to clarify the deformation-strength properties of natural grounds consisting mainly of volcanic coarse-grained soils. Site investigations using cone penetration test (CPT), standard penetration test (SPT) and seismic cone penetration test (SCT) were performed at three sites in Hokkaido, Japan. In addition to these in-situ tests, a series of cyclic triaxial test on the undisturbed samples taken from their sites were also carried out to obtain the pseudo elastic shear modulus and damping ratio and their dependencies on strain level. From the test data, it was found that; (1) N-values obtained from SPT on crushable volcanic grounds …

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Measurement Of GMax And K0 Of Saturated Clay Using Bender Elements, Bartlomiej Grolewski, Xiangwu Zeng Mar 2001

Measurement Of GMax And K0 Of Saturated Clay Using Bender Elements, Bartlomiej Grolewski, Xiangwu Zeng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent development in the application of bender element technique has made it possible to measure Gmax, and K0 of soils under complex anisotropic loading conditions. By measuring the shear wave velocities in different shear planes, the anisotropy in Gmax, of soil induced by anisotropic loading can be determined. The shear wave velocities can also be used to calculate the horizontal earth pressure coefficient at rest K0. This paper reports an experimental setup developed at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, which uses bender elements to measure shear wave velocities in four …

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An Experimental Study To Assess The Shear Modulus Degradation By Fatigue Of Mexico City Clay, Víctor M. Taboada-Urtuzuástegui, Miguel P. Romo Mar 2001

An Experimental Study To Assess The Shear Modulus Degradation By Fatigue Of Mexico City Clay, Víctor M. Taboada-Urtuzuástegui, Miguel P. Romo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this research, the degradation by fatigue of Mexico City clay is studied using a triaxial equipment where the cyclic stress amplitude was maintained constant during the experiment. The variables considered in the study were the following: state of the soil, effective mean confining stress, magnitude of cyclic stress and number of loading cycles. Undisturbed samples, anisotropically and isotropically consolidated, were subjected to cyclic loading for this purpose. When analyzing the cyclic stress-strain response with the number of cycles a threshold of permanent deformation in function of the cyclic deviator stress and axial strain was found. When the cyclic strain …

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Evaluation Nonlinear Soil Response In Situ, Ellen M. Rathje, Ryan D. Phillips, Wen-Jong Chang, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii Mar 2001

Evaluation Nonlinear Soil Response In Situ, Ellen M. Rathje, Ryan D. Phillips, Wen-Jong Chang, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Evaluation of nonlinear soil properties is an important concern in geotechnical earthquake engineering. Typically, nonlinear properties are expressed in terms of the nonlinear reduction in shear and constrained moduli with strain and the nonlinear increase in material damping in shear and constrained compression with strain. At this time, there is essentially total dependency on laboratory testing to evaluate nonlinear soil properties. The accuracy and limitations involved in modeling in situ properties with laboratory evaluated properties remains to be studied. In an attempt to evaluate nonlinear soil properties directly in the field, an in situ test method is being developed at …

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Compressibility Of Liquefied Sand, Yasushi Sasaki, Jun Ohbayashi, Yoshiaki Ogata Mar 2001

Compressibility Of Liquefied Sand, Yasushi Sasaki, Jun Ohbayashi, Yoshiaki Ogata

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Laboratory measurement using CCD camera was conducted to trace the sedimentation process of sand grains in a liquefied model layer. The purpose of this measurement was basically intended to obtain a visual evidence of appearance of suspended state in upper part of the liquefied soil. For this purpose, glass bead particles were used as model ground material. The test results prevailed that the glass bead grains were suspended in pore water at the instant when complete liquefaction was brought about to the layer, then they began to settle in the water. The measured pore water kept high value until grains …

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Dynamic Behavior Of Tailings, O. Flores C., M. P. Romo O. Mar 2001

Dynamic Behavior Of Tailings, O. Flores C., M. P. Romo O.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This article presents results of samples tested on a resonant column apparatus. The samples were formed of soil coming from mining residues (tailings), the testing program makes emphasis in the variables that influence the behavior. Finally, the interpretation of the results is made with a knowledge-based procedure and a Masing type model.

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The Modelling Of Free Field Traffic Induced Vibrations By Means Of A Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Approach, G. Lombaert, G. Degrande Mar 2001

The Modelling Of Free Field Traffic Induced Vibrations By Means Of A Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Approach, G. Lombaert, G. Degrande

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper deals with the numerical modelling of free field traffic induced vibrations during the passage of a vehicle on an uneven road. The road unevenness subjects the vehicle to vertical oscillations that cause dynamic axle loads. A simple 2D vehicle model is used for the calculation of the axle loads from the longitudinal road profile. The free field soil response is calculated with the dynamic Betti-Rayleigh reciprocity theorem, using a transfer function between the road and the receiver that accounts for dynamic road-soil interaction. The calculation of the transfer function is based on a dynamic substructure method with a …

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Liquefaction Potential Of Railway Embankments, Miguel A. Pando, C. Guney Olgun, James R. Martin Ii Mar 2001

Liquefaction Potential Of Railway Embankments, Miguel A. Pando, C. Guney Olgun, James R. Martin Ii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents an overview of the nature of train-induced vibrations and discusses the liquefaction potential of railway embankments under such low-level vibrations. The paper also presents the results of static and dynamic finite difference numerical analyses performed for a simple railway embankment geometry. The liquefaction potential for the railway embankment foundation was estimated using the results corn FLAC numerical analyses, as well as a cyclic shear stress liquefaction resistance approach using a modified cyclic resistance ratio curve. Liquefaction of railway embankment foundations was found to be possible. However, based on the majority of reported failures the liquefaction potential remains …

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Response Of Circular Foundation Subjected To Dynamic Forces In Sandy Soils, M. K. Uddin Mar 2001

Response Of Circular Foundation Subjected To Dynamic Forces In Sandy Soils, M. K. Uddin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In a machine-foundation soil system, the frequency and amplitude have to be controlled by suitable means such as by balancing of dynamic loads or using suitable foundation. The dynamic forces can be transmitted to the soil through the foundation by appropriate selection of foundation mass or by using damping. This paper is the outcome of a research study conducted recently to investigate dynamic response of circular foundation in sandy soils. The paper concentrates on dynamic behavior for circular foundation with cap-anchor made of reinforced cement concrete. The influence of increase of base diameter of cap-anchor foundation on resonant frequency and …

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