Engineering Commons^™

The Importance Of Creating Value In Seismic Design, Barnali Ghosh, Zygmunt Lubkowski, Jack Pappin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Major earthquakes have resulted in devastating consequences in terms of human and economic loss. In almost all the earthquakes we observe the failure of structures, sometimes due to poor construction but also due to designers not identifying the specific geo-hazards (iIntensity of ground motion, faults, liquefaction, slopes etc) which affect these structures. In many cases these damages could have been avoided if the original design had correctly identified the geohazards at the site and incorporated the philosophy of performance based design. In this paper several examples will be presented where the different stages of risk assessment will be identified and …

State Of The Art And Practice (Soap) Speakers, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Canyon Geometry And Ground Conditions On The Seismic Performance Of Tendaho Earthfill Dam In Ethiopia., Tensay G. Berhe, Wu Wei

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The seismic performance of earth dams is usually studied by two dimensional (2D) space. However, considerable judgment is required to estimate the overall three dimensional dynamic response of dams in a narrow canyon from plane strain analyses of individual sections of the dam. This is so because the plane strain analysis normally ignores the arching effect of the valley which is particularly relevant for dams in narrow valleys. Because of the arching action, the effect of the canyon geometry on the dynamic response of earth dams will be a stiffening of the system. The effect of the canyon geometry is …

Modeling The Influence Of Soil Structure Interaction On The Seismic Response Of A 5 Mw Wind Turbine, Ian Prowell, Ahmed Elgamal, Jinchi Lu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to capture more energy, wind turbines are rapidly growing in height and rotor size. This growth increases the likelihood that soil structure interaction effects may influence the structural dynamic response. Current 3 MW turbines tower over the landscape with an 80 meter hub height and a 90 meter rotor diameter. This paper models a full soil structure system for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory onshore 5 MW reference wind turbine with a hub height of 90 meter and a 126 meter rotor diameter. A detailed finite element model of the turbine is created, including a full three dimensional …

Preparation The Site Specific Spectrum For Civil Regions Of Zagross Mountains, Kaveh Andisheh, Seydeh Sara Hossini, Mortaza Taghizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper the site specific spectra for a region of the Zagros Mountains containing 5 cities in Kurdistan province of Iran is prepared. For this purpose, all the occurred earthquakes, containing both historical and instrumental events, in each 5 city have been gathered then main earthquakes was prepared by elimination the aftershocks, foreshocks, and the incorrect reported events from the data and main earthquakes were taken into consideration to calculate the seismic parameters by Kijko [2000] method considering uncertainty in magnitude and incomplete earthquake catalogue. All seismic sources of the region are modeled and recurrence relationship is established. After …

Principles And Practices Of Seismic Microzonation: Case Studies In India, T. G. Sitharam, P. Anbazhagan, K. S. Vipin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents an overview of the principles and practices of seismic microzonation with some case studies in India. India has experienced major damages and loss of life due to earthquakes. Macrozonation map in Indian seismic code IS-1893 is frequently revised soon after a major earthquake in the country. New revision which was published in 2002 after Bhuj earthquake in 2001 contains four macro zones. These zones are based on geology and limited seismology input without considering geotechnical aspects such as site effects and liquefaction. In order to understand the earthquake vulnerability of major urban centers and prepare new zonation …

The Non-Regularity Of Earthquake Recurrence In California: Lessons From Long Paleoseismic Records From The San Andreas And San Jacinto Faults In Southern California, And The North Anatolian Fault In Turkey, Thomas Rockwell

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A long paleoseismic record at Hog Lake on the central San Jacinto fault in southern California documents evidence for 18 surface ruptures in the past 3.8-4 ka. This yields a long-term recurrence interval of about 210 years, consistent with its slip rate of ~15 mm/yr and field observations of 3-3.5 m of displacement per event. However, during the past 3800 years, the fault has switched from a quasiperiodic mode of earthquake production, during which the recurrence interval is similar to the long-term average, to clustered behavior with the inter-event periods as short as a few decades (five surface ruptures occurred …

Seismic Stability Assessment The Raising Of The Geita Tailings Storage Facility, Tanzania, Michelle Theron, Fritz Wagener, Phillip Steenkamp

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Geita gold mine, owned by AngloGold Ashanti, is located in the north west of Tanzania on the African Rift Belt in a seismically active. It is also located in an environmentally sensitive area as it is directly upslope of Lake Victoria. The Tailings Storage Facility was constructed as a side valley dam with its maximum design embankment elevation 1216m (i.e. 35m above ground level) and store capacity approximately 60 million tons of tailings. The feasibility of increasing this wall ultimately to 1246m (i.e. 65m above ground level) thereby increasing its capacity by 88.5 million tons, is the topic of …

Ground Improvement Under Dynamic Loading, M. Ittershagen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

To analyze the dynamic soil-structure interaction of railway lines on soft soil experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out. The mean intention was to get information about the influence of different soil improvement layouts and further on to establish a design tool for railway lines on soft soil based on the additional results of a numerically supported parametric study. The principle part of the paper is the presentation of the experimental and numerical investigations.

On The Turbulent Prandtl Number In Homogeneous Stably Stratified Turbulence, Subhas K. Venayagamoorthy, Derek D. Stretch

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we derive a general relationship for the turbulent Prandtl number Prt for homogeneous stably stratified turbulence from the turbulent kinetic energy and scalar variance equations. A formulation for the turbulent Prandtl number, Prt, is developed in terms of a mixing length scale LM and an overturning length scale LE, the ratio of the mechanical (turbulent kinetic energy) decay time scale TL to scalar decay time scale Tp and the gradient Richardson number Ri. We show that our formulation for Prt is appropriate even for non-stationary (developing) stratified flows, since it does not include the reversible contributions in …

Recurrent Neural Networks Based Impedance Measurement Technique For Power Electronic Systems, Peng Xiao, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Keith Corzine, Jing Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

When designing and building power systems that contain power electronic switching sources and loads, system integrators must consider the frequency-dependent impedance characteristics at an interface to ensure system stability. Stability criteria have been developed in terms of source and load impedance, and it is often necessary to measure system impedance through experiments. Traditional injection-based impedance measurement techniques require multiple online testing that lead to many disadvantages, including prolonged test time, operating point variations, and impedance values at limited frequency points. The impedance identification method proposed in this paper greatly reduces online testing time by modeling the system with recurrent neural …

Dynamic Reconfiguration And Control Of Smart Power Systems, Pinaki Mitra

Doctoral Dissertations

"To address the increasing demand and complexity, modern power systems need intelligence at almost all levels which can transform them into 'smart' power systems. The term 'smart power systems' not only refers to the terrestrial power systems with a significant penetration of distributed energy resources and energy storage such as plug-in electric vehicle parking lots (SmartParks), but also includes other isolated power systems, such as the power systems of naval electric ships. The research presented in this dissertation contributes to the dynamic reconfiguration and control of both terrestrial and ship power system with the application of computational intelligence methods.

In …

An Improved Methodology For Filling Missing Values In Spatiotemporal Climate Data Set, Antti Sorjamaa, Amaury Lendasse, Yves Cornet, Eric Deleersnijder

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Paper, an Improved Methodology for the Determination of Missing Values in a Spatiotemporal Database is Presented. This Methodology Performs Denoising Projection in Order to Accurately Fill the Missing Values in the Database. the Improved Methodology is Called Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) Pruning, and It is based on an Original Linear Projection Method Called Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). the Experiments Demonstrate the Performance of the Improved Methodology and Present a Comparison with the Original EOF and with a Widely Used Optimal Interpolation Method Called Objective Analysis. © Springer Science + Business Media B.v. 2009.

Diapycnal Diffusivities In Homogeneous Stratified Turbulence, D. D. Stretch, S. K. Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Quantifying diapycnal mixing in stably stratified turbulence is fundamental to the understanding and modeling of geophysical flows. Data of diapycnal mixing from direct numerical simulations of homogeneous stratified turbulence and from grid turbulence experiments, are analyzed to investigate the scaling of the diapycnal diffusivity. In these homogeneous flows the instantaneous diapycnal diffusivity is given exactly by Kd= ∈ρ/ (∂ ρ /∂z)²where ∈ρ is the dissipation rate of density fluctuations, and ∂ ρ /∂z is the mean density gradient. The diffusivity Kd may be expressed in terms of the large-scale properties of the turbulence as K d = γLE …

An Adaptive Control Strategy For Dstatcom Applications In An Electric Ship Power System, Pinaki Mitra, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt compensation device that is generally used to solve power quality problems in distribution systems. In an all-electric ship power system, power quality issues arise due to high-energy demand loads such as pulse loads. This paper presents the application of a DSTATCOM to improve the power quality in a ship power system during and after pulse loads. The control strategy of the DSTATCOM plays an important role in maintaining the voltage at the point of common coupling. A novel adaptive control strategy for the DSTATCOM based on artificial immune system (AIS) is presented in …

Integration And Characterization Of An Electrical Storage System For A Hydrogen Fuel Cell Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Edward Alexei Anculle Arauco

Masters Theses

"Hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicles are an advance technology that promises to solve the energy crisis in transportation and green houses emissions. Even more, Plug-in or extended range vehicles can add diversity in energy sources. Extended range vehicles have the capability to extract energy from the grid and hence reduce the cost of operation of the vehicle. EcoCAR: the NeXt Challenge is a Noth [sic] American competition with seventeen schools participating across North America. Missouri S&T is developing a Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicle which has a large lithium-ion battery able to store 16 kWh. The fuel cell powertrain …

Dynamic System Eigenvalue Extraction Using A Linear Echo State Network For Small-Signal Stability Analysis - A Novel Application, Jiaqi Liang, Jing Dai, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A large nonlinear dynamic system usually has complex dynamic modes corresponding to the system's eigenvalues. These eigenvalues govern the system's local behavior and thus are critical information for designing system operation and control strategies. Without the availability of the system's analytical model, which is often the case for large nonlinear systems, the system's eigenvalues need to be estimated. a linear echo state network (ESN) based method for extracting observable eigenvalues of a dynamic system together with the participation factors of these eigenvalues in the accessible system states is presented in this paper. a linear ESN is first trained to track …

Potentials And Promises Of Computational Intelligence For Smart Grids, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The electric power grid is a complex adaptive system under semi-autonomous distributed control. It is spatially and temporally complex, non-convex, nonlinear and non-stationary with a lot of uncertainties. the integration of renewable energy such as wind farms, and plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles further adds complexity and challenges to the various controllers at all levels of the power grid. a lot of efforts have gone into the development of a smart grid to align the interests of the electric utilities, consumers and environmentalists. Advanced computational methods are required for planning and optimization, fast control of power system elements, processing of …

Missing-Sensor-Fault-Tolerant Control For Sssc Facts Device With Real-Time Implementation, Wei Qiao, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Control of power systems relies on the availability and quality of sensor measurements. However, measurements are inevitably subjected to faults caused by sensor failure, broken or bad connections, bad communication, or malfunction of some hardware or software. These faults in turn may cause the failure of power system controllers and consequently severe contingencies in the power system. to avoid such contingencies, this paper presents a sensor evaluation and (missing sensor) restoration scheme (SERS) by using auto-associative neural networks (auto-encoders) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). based on the SERS, a missing-sensor-fault-tolerant control (MSFTC) is developed for controlling a static synchronous series …

Comparative Study Of Population Based Techniques For Power System Stabilizer Design, Pinaki Mitra, Chuan Yan, Lisa Grant, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Komla Folly

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) are used in interconnected power systems in order to mitigate low frequency oscillations. the comparison of the performances of four advanced population-based techniques in tuning the parameters of PSS in a three-machine-nine-bus test system is presented in this paper. the algorithms considered in this paper are A) Differential Evolution based Particle Swarm Optimization (DEPSO), b) Modified Clonal Selection Algorithm (MCSA), c) Small Population based Particle Swarm Optimization (SPPSO) and d) Population based Incremental Learning (PBIL). the comparative study is focused on the frequency domain performances. It is observed that MCSA is performing better than the other …

A Real-Time Implementation Of A Pbil Based Stabilizing Controller For Synchronous Generator, Komla A. Folly, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the optimal tuning of power system stabilizer parameters using a newly introduced evolutionary algorithm called Population based Incremental Learning (PBIL). to robustly stabilize the system, an objective function that minimizes the infinity norm of the closed-loop system is introduced such that the parameters of a fixed structure PSS are optimally tuned, and the controller stabilizes a pre-specified set of system models. the PBIL-PSS is compared with the Conventional PSS (CPSS). the simulation results presented in this paper show that the proposed PBIL-PSS is more effective than the Conventional PSS in damping the low frequency oscillations. the performance …

Getting An Nsf Career Award And Beyond, Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The National Science Foundation (NSF), USA, CAREER program is a premier program that emphasizes the importance the Foundation places on the early development of academic careers solely dedicated to stimulating the discovery process in which the excitement of research enriched by inspired teaching and enthusiastic learning. This paper presents the research and education experiences gained by the principal investigator - Vinayagamoorthy and his research collaborators and students as a result of a NSF CAREER proposal been awarded by the Power, Control and Adaptive Networks (PCAN) program of the Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems Division, effective June 1, 2004. the main …

Hardware Implementation Of A Mamdani Fuzzy Logic Controller For A Static Compensator In A Multimachine Power System, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Satish Rajagopalan, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Mamdani-type fuzzy logic controller is designed and implemented in hardware for controlling a static compensator (STATCOM), which is connected to a ten-bus multimachine power system. Such a controller does not need any mathematical model of the plant to be controlled and can efficiently provide control signals for the STATCOM over a wide range of operating conditions of the power system and during different disturbances. The proposed controller is implemented using the M67 digital signal processor board and is interfaced to the multimachine power system simulated on a real-time digital simulator. Experimental results are provided, showing that the proposed Mamdani …

Learning Nonlinear Functions With Mlps And Srns, R. Cleaver, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, nonlinear functions generated by randomly initialized multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and simultaneous recurrent neural networks (SRNs) are learned by MLPs and SRNs. Training SRNs is a challenging task and a new learning algorithm - DEPSO is introduced. DEPSO is a standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with the addition of a differential evolution step to aid in swarm convergence. The results from DEPSO are compared with the standard backpropagation (BP) and PSO algorithms. It is further verified that functions generated by SRNs are harder to learn than those generated by MLPs but DEPSO provides better learning capabilities for …

Learning Functions Generated By Randomly Initialized Mlps And Srns, R. Cleaver, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, nonlinear functions generated by randomly initialized multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and simultaneous recurrent neural networks (SRNs) and two benchmark functions are learned by MLPs and SRNs. Training SRNs is a challenging task and a new learning algorithm - PSO-QI is introduced. PSO-QI is a standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with the addition of a quantum step utilizing the probability density property of a quantum particle. The results from PSO-QI are compared with the standard backpropagation (BP) and PSO algorithms. It is further verified that functions generated by SRNs are harder to learn than those generated by MLPs …

A Successful Interdisciplinary Course On Computational Intelligence, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article presents experiences from the introduction of a new three hour interdisciplinary course on computational intelligence (CI) taught at the Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA at the undergraduate and graduate levels. This course is unique in the sense that it covers five main paradigms of CI and their integration to develop hybrid intelligent systems. The paradigms covered are artificial immune systems (AISs), evolutionary computing (EC), fuzzy systems (FSs), neural networks (NNs) and swarm intelligence (SI). While individual CI paradigms have been applied successfully to solve real-world problems, the current trend is to develop hybrids of these paradigms …

Development And Evaluation Of An Effective Process For The Recovery Of Oil And Detoxification Of Meal From Jatropha Curcas, Sarthak Gaur

Masters Theses

"There has been significant research on biofuels to ensure national security and economic stability of the US. Jatropha curcas, a hardy plant, holds tremendous potential as a biodiesel source and cattle feed-stock largely due to its high triglyceride and crude protein content. However, its viable economic utilization is limited due to the presence of important toxic compounds, phorbol esters. A novel and efficient process has been developed that obtains high yields of jatropha oil and detoxifies the defatted (oil free) jatropha meal. Principles of solid-liquid extraction were utilized to detoxify the meal and then liquid chromatography was employed to analyze …

The Effects Of Water To Fuel Ratio On The Kinetics Of Supercritical Water Reformation Of Jet Fuel, Satya Putta

Masters Theses

"The noncatalytic direct reformation of jet fuel was studied in a supercritical water medium using a specially designed 400-mL Haynes® 230 alloy tubular reactor. The experiments were conducted at 1042±5 K, 240.9±0.1 bar, and at water flow rates of 7.5, 15, 30 g/min with varying water-to-fuel feed ratios of 7.5, 15 and 30. The principal reactions are direct reformation of jet fuel into hydrogen and carbon oxides and pyrolysis of jet fuel into lighter hydrocarbons and coke. The effluent gas contained H₂, CO, CO₂ and CH₄, with smaller concentrations of C₂H₄ and C₂H₆. This thesis discusses the effects of the …

Seven-Level Shunt Active Power Filter For High-Power Drive Systems, Peng Xiao, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Keith Corzine

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In high-power adjustable-speed motor drives, such as those used in electric ship propulsion systems, active filters provide a viable solution to mitigating harmonic related issues caused by diode or thyristor rectifier front-ends. To handle the large compensation currents and provide better thermal management, two or more paralleled semiconductor switching devices can be used. In this paper, a novel topology is proposed where two active filter inverters are connected with tapped reactors to share the compensation currents. The proposed active filter topology can also produce seven voltage levels, which significantly reduces the switching current ripple and the size of passive components. …

Coordinated Reactive Power Control Of A Large Wind Farm And A Statcom Using Heuristic Dynamic Programming, Wei Qiao, Ronald G. Harley, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel interface neurocontroller (INC) is proposed for the coordinated reactive power control between a large wind farm equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) technique and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are used to design this INC. It effectively reduces the level of voltage sags as well as the over-currents in the DFIG rotor circuit during grid faults, and therefore, significantly enhances the fault ride-through capability of the wind farm. The INC also acts as a coordinated external damping controller for the wind farm and the STATCOM, …