Engineering Commons^™

Workshop 3: Business Cases For Integrated And Continuous Biomanufacturing, Jessica Molek, Daisie Ogawa

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

No Abstract.

Hydrocyclones For Single-Use Perfusion Application, Ioná W. Bettinardi, Andreas Castan, Ricardo A. Medronho, Leda R. Castilho

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

Hydrocyclones (HC) are very compact devices that promote solid-liquid separation under the action of a centrifugal field. Despite the small size, HCs have a large processing capacity and do not suffer from clogging. Therefore, several publications explored HCs as a potential cell retention device in perfusion applications in the last 20 years, but limited to non-disposable lab-scale bioreactors and to relatively low cell densities (up to ~10 million cells/mL).

Even though the absence of moving parts may streamline the HC manufacturing, the performance of solid-liquid separation is highly dependent on the HC internal geometry. Said that, hydrocyclones can be produced …

Production Of Zika Virus-Like Particles (Vlps) By Perfusion Processes, Renata G. F. Alvim, Leda R. Castilho

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a major international public health concern in 2015 and rapidly spread to more than 80 countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas. ZIKV infection has been shown to cause Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, as well as severe congenital malformations in fetuses from as much as 42% of infected mothers (Brasil et al., 2016, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1602412). While no ZIKV vaccine becomes approved for human use, periodic outbreaks will continue to occur in endemic regions and the risk of spreading to non-endemic regions will continue to exist, especially because ZIKV persists in body fluids for very long time …

Workshop: Regulatory Gaps In Continuous Processing, Andrew Sinclair, Karen Sitney

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

1 Objectives To provide a forum for participants to discuss and share experiences relating regulatory approaches and challenges when implementing or considering ICB.

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Optimization Study On Periodic Counter-Current Chromatography (Pcc) Integrated In A Mab Downstream Process, Joaquin Gomis Fons, Niklas Andersson, Bernt Nilsson

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

In the biopharmaceutical market, there is an increasing pressure to reduce prices. Nowadays, a big part of the manufacturing cost is due to the product purification. A big effort has been made in this matter to reduce costs, and continuous downstream processes like periodic counter-current chromatography (PCC) have gained interest in the last years due to a higher productivity and resin utilization compared to a batch process. Herein, a PCC process is integrated with a virus inactivation and two ion-exchange chromatography steps (polishing steps) for the purification of mAb at lab scale, and multi-objective optimization is used to compare several …

Conference Program, Veena Warikoo, Alois Jungbauer, Jon Coffman, Jason Walther

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

No Abstract.

Experimental Design And Small-Scale Model For High-Performing Perfusion Media And Processes Scalable To 50 L Bioreactors, Andreas Castan, Patrick M Ayrhofer, Renate Kunert

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

Cell culture perfusion processes are considered optimal for a truly integrated continuous biomanufacturing pipeline. The nutrient-rich but balanced media should be designed to support very low cell-specific perfusion rates (CSPR) that minimize media consumption but maximize viable cell days and productivities. Optimized processes at low CSPR drastically reduce equipment costs, lab space, and product dilution. Finally, operating at very low CSPR enables running mammalian cell bioprocesses as true chemostat cultures in the future. We demonstrate a general workflow to develop high-performing perfusion media using small-scale models and transferred the process to 50 L scale at CSPR of 20 pL/c/d.

Recombinant …

Continuous Process Performance Enhancements For 50 L To 500 L Single-Use Bioreactors: A Technical Comparison Of Erformance Characterization, Cell Culture, And Scale-Up Modeling, Tony Hsiao, Nephi Jones, Jordan Cobia

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing IV

Improvements in single-use systems have allowed implementation of high-density cultures in emerging bioprocess work flows. Specifically, advantages of single-use bioreactors have been realized in perfusion applications in high-density seed train intensification or as a compact production-scale bioreactor system. Due to this and additional progressive advances in media optimization and improved clone genetic selection have increased stress on the perceived performance limitations of single-use bioreactors. This study shows integration of the Thermo Scientific™ HyPerforma™ Single-Use Bioreactor (S.U.B.) and how strategic enhancements to the sparger and agitation systems have revealed the potential for 3-4X improvement of mixing and mass transfer performance compared …

Surface Acoustic Wave Spectroscopy Versus Nanoindentation: Potentials And Limits For Coating Characterization, Martin Zawischa, Dieter Schneider, Stefan, Makowski, Lars Lorenz

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development VII

Measuring mechanical film properties is essential for understanding and designing coating systems as well for controlling quality in coating manufacturing. Since more than two decades, two methods for determining Young’s modulus and other mechanical properties of thin films are widely used: The instrumented indentation technique (nanoindentation) and the laser-induced surface acoustic wave spectroscopy (LiSAWS). Due to their different physical principles, both methods address different fields of application but also complement each other. This presentation gives an overview for typical applications, strengths and limits for both methods from practical points of view like precision, requirements for sample material, preparation and test …

Effect Of Anisotropic Elasticity On Dislocation Pile-Ups At Grain Boundaries, Xiaolei Chen, Stéphane Berbenni, Christian Motz, Thiebaud Richeton

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development VII

This study deals with in-situ micromechanical tests of micron-sized bi-crystals and observations coupling SEM, AFM and EBSD. Different FCC bi-crystals are obtained from FIB machining. A SEM in-situ compression test with a low strain is performed on a micron-sized bi-crystal in order to induce single slip deformation. Spatial variations in the surface step height due to dislocation activity in localized slip bands terminating at the grain boundary (GB) are measured by AFM. This allows the determination of the Burgers vector distribution and hence the dislocation positions in the pile-up as shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, local misorientation along slip bands …

Conference Program, Jon Molina-Aldareguia

Nanomechanical Testing in Materials Research and Development VII

No abstract provided.

Biochar And Organic Matter Co-Composting: A Critical Review, David Chiaramonti, David Casini, Tommaso Barsali, Yuri Herreras Yambanis, Javi Prieto Ruiz

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

The H2020 BIO4A project aims at producing and deploying Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) at large scale in Europe. A major oil refinery, owned and operated by Total based on Axen’s technology, will run in non-segregated full jet-mode, targeting the production of 5 kt of ASTM-certified bio-based HEFA jet fuel. The produced SAF will then be used in commercial passenger flights: the demonstration activities will be complemented by market and policy analysis. While this part of BIO4A represent the industrial component of the project, the issue of developing additional alternative routes for supplying sustainable lipids to the HVO process represents the …

Immobilization Of Heavy Metal In Contaminated Mine Technosols Using Biochar: A Phytomanagement Strategy, Domenico Morabito, Manhattan Lebrun, Romain Nandillon, Florie Miard, Nour Hattab Hambli, Simon Chevolleau, Melissa Simiele, Sylvain Bourgerie

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

Soil contamination by metal(loid)s is one of the most important environmental problem. It leads to loss

of environment biodiversity and soil functions and can have harmful effects on human health. Therefore,

contaminated soils could be remediated, using phytomanagement. Indeed, plant growth will improve soil

conditions while accumulating metal(loid)s and modifying their mobility. However, due to the poor

fertility and high metal(loid)s levels of these soils, amendments, like biochar, has to be applied.

Phytomanagement is a technique for rehabilitating these soils and reducing the spread of pollutants. To this end, it is advisable to stabilize the mobility of pollutants in the …

Adsorption Of Pb2+ On Magnetic Modified Hemp Biochar Prepared Using Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis, Muhammad T. Afzal, Patrick Godwin, Huining Xiao

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

Magnetic modified hemp biochar with an aim of high adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption rate was prepared by two simple steps using microwave pyrolyzed biochar. This was investigated as a potential green adsorbent for lead remediation from wastewater in a batch-mode experiment. The 150 – 300 µm biochar particles obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of 1.5 kg hemp biomass batch at an average temperature of 600˚C were first impregnated with H₂O₂ and then magnetized by mixing aqueous biochar suspensions with aqueous Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ solutions. The composition, morphology and surface chemistries of this magnetic biochar was examined …

The Role Of Feedstock For Biochar And Energy In Reducing The Carbon Footprint Of Bioenergy Projects — A Case Study In North Europe, Lydia Fryda, Rian Visser

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

The study evaluates the GHG emissions of biochar & bioenergy production in a low temperature gasifier based on various feedstocks. A LCA approach is used to assess the environmental impact of the production and use of biochar for selected applications including the whole feedstock supply chain. Three kinds of feedstock were evaluated, namely (1) agro-residues and municipal forest residues (2) clean wood from sustainable forestry (e.g. pine) and (3) fast growing energy crops (short rotation coppice) Miscanthus and/or willow.

The scenarios considered are:

(1) Co-production of bioenergy (syngas) and biochar in a low temperature gasification unit, feedstock used agro-residues and …

Comparative Analysis Of Low Nitrogen Emissions Fertilizers Based On Activated Carbon From Residual Materials, Javier Pallarés Ranz, Javier Pallarés Ranz, Maite López-Franco Jiménez

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

Nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization are the main pathways of nitrogen loss in agriculture. New environmentally friendly fertilizers have been investigated in recent years in order to reduce nitrogen losses and associated impacts [1]. One suggested solution has been to incorporate biochar as soil amendment, since its effects on nitrogen retention and soil fertility are well known [2, 3]. Fertilizer production from activated biocarbon is the researched line explored in this work. Biochar has been produced from two different raw materials, residual biomass and coal mine residues. Both have been produced through a physical activation process in an externally heated …

Biochar Based Silicon Composites For Sensors Applications, Mauro Giorcelli, Mattia Bartoli, Alberto Tagliaferro, Carlo Rosso

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

Nowadays, the development of innovative sensors represents a field of great interest in the scientific community because of their ever increasing application in everyday life. Piezoresistive transducers are among the most interesting not only as sensors but also as actuators. They are of interest for a number of applicative fields ranging from pressure sensors to applications in nanomanipulation.

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Changes In Pore Size Distribution With Pyrolysis Temperature, Particle Aspect Ratio And Pretreatment By Leaching Of Large Beech Wood Particles, Przemyslaw Maziarka, Peter Sommersacher, Stefan Retschitzegger, Wolter Prins, Frederik Ronsse

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

When assessing the usefulness of pyrolysis chars as porous materials for the application as adsorbents, catalysts or catalyst supports, one of the most important parameters of the assessment, besides the specific surface area, is their pore size distribution [1, 2]. The aforementioned processes are highly pore size selective, hence inappropriate pores sizes of the applied material can lead to the material’s uselessness for a given application. In terms of the application of pyrolysis char as a soil amendment (i.e., biochar), pore size also plays a major role. For example, in case of a too large share of micropores, even though …

Nanoindentation Characterization Of Microwave-Pyrolysis Biochar, Muhammad T. Afzal, Chase Wallace, Gobinda Saha

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

This study investigates the nanoindentation hardness and Young’s modulus of microwave pyrolysis biochar developed from hemp and softwood feedstocks. Recent studies have produced encouraging results on the potential for biochar as a reinforcing filler in composite materials, owing to the high porosity and hardness of the carbonous material. In order to further the understanding of the effect of biochar as an additive, and to develop predictive models for the composites, mechanical properties of the chars are needed.

The biochar was synthesized from both hemp and softwood feedstocks, in-house through a microwave-pyrolysis process at 2700 watts, for one hour, with heating …

Activation Of Biochar From Olive Residues: A Predictive Model For Yield And Surface Area, Franco Berruti, Anastasia Colomba, Cedric Briens

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

A great amount of work in the literature is dedicated to the kinetic modelling of gasification reactions, while a limited number of authors have paid attention to the evolution of physical parameters, which are very important in the case in which the reaction is applied to the production of activated carbons. The Volume reaction model (VRM) [1], the Shrinking core model (SCM) [2], and the Random pore model (RPM) [3] are unable to provide a relationship between kinetics and the physical properties of the activated carbon and, particularly, between yield and surface area.

Please click Additional Files below to see …

Biochar - Just A Black Matter Is Not Enough!, Andreas Hornung, Fabian Stenzel

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

What differs biochar from charcoal? The simple answer is: Biochar is a carbon rich product obtained from the thermal decomposition of organic material, at the presence of no or a little oxygen. As we can see in principle, the production of biochar is comparable to the production of charcoal, one of the oldest and most established processes used by mankind. While charcoal is made traditionally from wood, biochar can be based on a wide range of biomass and biomass residues.

However, a variety of technologies for the production of biochar was developed in the recent years. The technologies are based …

Characteristic Studies On The Biochars Produced By Hydro-Thermal And Steam Gasification Of Canola Hull And Canola Meal Fuel Pellets, Franco Berruti, Sonil Nanda, Ajay K. Dalai, Janusz A. Kozinski

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

Biochars, based on their production process and biomass precursor, can have a broad range of structural, compositional, chemical, and physical properties. These properties are important for identifying the biochar performance and stability in further applications. Non-food biomass has a great potential to produce biochars. Two inherent agricultural biomasses from Canadian prairies including canola hull and canola meal were used for the production of fuel pellets. This study provides information on the specific features of biochars produced by steam and hydro-thermal gasification of these fuel pellets compared with those of well-known pyrolysis biochars. For steam gasification, the steam to biomass ratio …

Strategies And Software Tools For Engineering Protein Tunnels And Dynamical Gates, Jiri Damborsky, David Bednar, Sergio Marques, Piia Kokkonen, Gaspar Pinto, Joan Planas Iglesias, Milos Musil, Jiri Hon, Lenka Sumbalova, Ondrej Vavra, Jiri Filipovic, Bara Kozlikova, Martin Marek, Zbynek Prokop, Jan Stourac

Enzyme Engineering XXV

Improvements in the catalytic activity, substrate specificity or enantioselectivity of enzymes are traditionally achieved by modification of enzymes’ active sites. We have recently proposed that the enzyme engineering endeavors should target both the active sites and the access tunnels/channels [1,2]. Using the model enzymes haloalkane dehalogenases, we have demonstrated that engineering of access tunnels provides enzymes with significantly improved catalytic properties [3] and stability [4]. User-friendly software tools Caver [5], Caver Analyst [6], CaverDock [7] and Caver Web [8], have been developed for the computational design of protein tunnels/channels; FireProt [9] and HotSpot Wizard [10] for automated design of stabilizing …

Influence Of Heating Rate On The Solid Yield Of Biomass Pyrolysis, Markus Lang, Kathrin Weber, Peter Quicker

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

The use of biochar has become increasingly popular over the last decade. The possible applications are vast and range from renewable carbon carrier in industrial and energetic applications to soil amendment and fodder additive. The various applications have different demands on the properties of biochar. These can be influenced by the choice of feedstock, reactor and production conditions. Regardless of production process and application however, achieving a high yield of the solid product is desirable from an economic point of view. The higher the treatment temperature, the more material is devolatilized and the lower is the amount of biochar that …

Smart Engineering Of Various Enzymes For Asymmetric Synthesis Of Chiral Molecules On Industrial Scale, Haibin Chen, Marco Bocola, Thomas Daußmann, Yong Koy Bong

Enzyme Engineering XXV

The commercialization of sustainable enzymatic and microbial catalysis technology is gaining increasing priority for the synthesis of chiral compounds from achiral precursors that require high selectivity and high substrate load. Thus, the fast and cost-effective development of novel biocatalytic processes using an integrated platform offers significant opportunities to fine chemical, pharmaceutical, food & feed, material and related industries.

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Sustainable Biocatalytic Synthesis Of Β-Hydroxyl-Α-Amino Acids On An Industrial Scale, Haibin Chen, Haibin Chen, Yong Koy Bong, Marco Bocola, Thomas Daußmann

Enzyme Engineering XXV

The development and commercialization of sustainable enzymatic and microbial catalysis technologies is gaining increasing priority to reduce the environmental impact of chemical and related industries.

Enzymes offer, as common platform, significant opportunities for innovations to enhance production capabilities to meet these new reduced impact demands, whilst retaining product quality and keeping costs down. To enable cost efficient biocatalytic processes, however, high selectivity, high activity, high substrate loadings and tolerance to organic solvents are required. This is in general not sufficiently displayed by natural enzymes, despite providing high selectivity and activity on native substrates under physiological conditions. As a solution, enzyme …

Influence Of Feedstock And Operational Conditions On Bio-Chars Derived From The Pyrolysis Of Selected Biomasses, David Chiaramonti, David Casini, Giovanni Ferraro, Emiliano Fratini, Giuditta Pecori, Andrea Maria Rizzo, Luca Rosi

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

The proprieties of bio-char, the solid product from biomass pyrolysis, depends on both the feedstock and process conditions during thermochemical conversion^[1]. As regards the interaction of the char with soil (i.e. as soil amendment), surface areas, size and shape of pores are among the most important factors to be considered.

^[1] P. R. Bonelli , G. Nunell , M. E. Fernández , E. L. Buonomo & A. L. Cukierman

(2012) The Potential Applications of the Bio-char Derived from the Pyrolysis of an Agro-industrial

Waste. Effects of Temperature and Acid-pretreatment, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery,

Utilization, and Environmental Effects, …

Understanding Promiscuity In Class Ii Pyruvate Aldolases, Ulf Hanefeld, Stefan Marsden, Isabel Bento

Enzyme Engineering XXV

Aldolases are grouped based on their strict donor specificity. To expand the use of these versatile enzymes it is essential to identify aldolases that utilize different donors. Recently a number of pyruvate aldolases that accepted hydroxypyruvate was identified [1]. The class II hydroxy ketoacid aldolase A5VH82 from Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 (SwHKA) accepts hydroxypyruvate and was expressed for detailed studies. A thorough investigation including X-ray crystallography allowed new insights into the mechanistic details. This revealed a phosphate dependence of the enzyme and a preference for Mn (II) [2]. More importantly the substrate scope was studied. SwHKA is promiscuous …

Effect Of Pyrolysis Conditions On Sewage Sludge Derived Biochars For High Value Composites Applications, Paola Giudicianni, Maurizio Troiano, Roberto Solimene, Raffaele Ragucci, Mauro Giorcelli, Alberto Tagliaferro, Mattia Bartoli

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

The economy of the whole wastewater treatment system is significantly burdened by the increasing amounts of sewage sludge due to the progressive implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and by the complexity of the treatments required for guaranteeing a safe handling and a proper end-of-life of the sludge. For this reason, thermal treatments of sewage sludge have been studied in the past for their efficient valorization in terms of energy and/or matter recovery. Among them, pyrolysis represents a viable route aiming at the recycling of resources without production of harmful substances to the humans or the environment. …

Biochar Production Though Combined Solar Drying & Single Chamber Pyrolysis, Dirk Weichgrebe, Moni M Mondal, Rahul Ramesh Nair

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

In this study, the challenging management of fibrous organic wastes (FOW) and dewatered municipal sewage sludge (MSS) in urban areas of Asia’s newly industrialised countries is presented with high energy efficiency, negative CO₂ balance and biochar generation. This study investigates the feasibility and benefits of a combined treatment approach for both of the substrates, comprising solar drying (SD) and pyrolysis process (PYR). Based on material investigations, a calculation model is developed to project the material and energy flows of this process combination on the example of Chennai, India.

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