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Articles 2461 - 2490 of 2957

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Measurement Of Gas Velocities In The Presence Of Solids In The Riser Of A Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed, James Spenik, J. Christopher Ludlow, Rex Compston, Ronald W. Breault May 2007

Measurement Of Gas Velocities In The Presence Of Solids In The Riser Of A Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed, James Spenik, J. Christopher Ludlow, Rex Compston, Ronald W. Breault

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The local gas velocity and the intensity of the gas turbulence in a gas/solid flow are a required measurement in validating the gas and solids flow structure predicted by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models in fluid bed and transport reactors. The high concentration and velocities of solids, however, make the use of traditional gas velocity measurement devices such as pitot tubes, hot wire anemometers and other such devices difficult. A method of determining these velocities has been devised at the National Energy Technology Laboratory employing tracer gas. The technique developed measures the time average local axial velocity gas component of …

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Ozone Decomposition In A Downer Reactor, W. Song, Chigang Fan, Yong Zhang, Weigang Lin, Xiaotao Bi May 2007

Ozone Decomposition In A Downer Reactor, W. Song, Chigang Fan, Yong Zhang, Weigang Lin, Xiaotao Bi

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Catalytic ozone decomposition was conducted in an 8.20 m high, 0.09 m inner diameter downer. The ozone concentration profiles were measured under a series of operating conditions. It is found that the ozone distribution in a downer is generally more uniform both axially and laterally than in a riser, and that there exists a relatively significant non-uniform distribution in the entrance acceleration region of the downer.he increase of solid mass flow rate will slightly increase the ozone decomposition. In addition, the acceleration region has a great effect on the reaction.

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On The Motion Of Fluidized Granular Currents: Motion Along Horizontal Surfaces, David E. Jessop, M. A. Gilbertson, A. J. Hogg May 2007

On The Motion Of Fluidized Granular Currents: Motion Along Horizontal Surfaces, David E. Jessop, M. A. Gilbertson, A. J. Hogg

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The motion of fuidised granular currents over horizontal surfaces is investigated experi- mentally and by mathematical modelling of solid and fluid phases. Analytical solutions for the bulk motion were tested by experiments involving material being introduced at a constant volume flux, and a reasonable agreement found between theoretical predictions and laboratory measurements.

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Transient Characterization Of Type B Particles In A Transport Riser, Lawrence J. Shadle, Esmail R. Monazam, Joseph S. Mei May 2007

Transient Characterization Of Type B Particles In A Transport Riser, Lawrence J. Shadle, Esmail R. Monazam, Joseph S. Mei

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Simple and rapid dynamic tests were used to evaluate fluid dynamic behavior of granular materials in the transport regime. Particles with densities ranging from 189 to 2,500 kg/m3 and Sauter mean size from 61 to 812 μm were tested in a 0.305 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser. The transient tests involved the abrupt stoppage of solids flow for each granular material over a wide range gas flow rates. The riser emptying time was linearly related to the Froude number in each of three different operating regimes. The flow structure along the height of the riser …

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Modeling On Heterogeneous Structure In Acceleration Regime Of Gas-Solid Riser Flows, Chao Zhu, Jun You, Dawei Wang, Liang-Shih Fan May 2007

Modeling On Heterogeneous Structure In Acceleration Regime Of Gas-Solid Riser Flows, Chao Zhu, Jun You, Dawei Wang, Liang-Shih Fan

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Recent measurement of solid concentration in gas-solid riser flows by Electric Capacitance Tomography (ECT) reveals a strong heterogeneous structure, typically represented by a core-annulus-wall zone pattern. In this paper we present a mechanistic model in which the formation of the heterogeneous structure is due to the radial migration of solid flow from the wall toward center as well as due to the non-uniform acceleration of solids across the cross-section near the bottom of the riser. Firstly we present the general governing equations and discuss problem closure; then a simplified model with one-way flow coupling between the wall region and the …

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Liquid Feed Injection In A High Density Riser, S. Gehrke, K. E. Wirth May 2007

Liquid Feed Injection In A High Density Riser, S. Gehrke, K. E. Wirth

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

First investigations on liquid feed injection in a high density circulating fluidized bed of FCC particles were done by means of fast responding thermocouples, capacitance and conductivity probes. The results imply very limited radial mixing between dry solids, wet solids and liquid for the injection parallel to the hot up-streaming gas-solid flow.

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Flow Regime Study In A High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser With An Abrupt Exit, Joseph Mei, Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul C. Yue, Esmail R. Monazam May 2007

Flow Regime Study In A High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser With An Abrupt Exit, Joseph Mei, Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul C. Yue, Esmail R. Monazam

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Flow regime study was conducted in a 0.3 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser with an abrupt exit at the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy. Local particle velocities were measured at various radial positions and riser heights using an optical fiber probe. On-line measurement of solid circulating rate was continuously recorded by the Spiral. Glass beads of mean diameter 61 μm and particle density of 2,500 kg/m3 were used as bed material. The CFB riser was operated at various superficial gas velocities ranging from 3 to 7.6 m/s and solid …

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Radial Distribution Of Local Concentration Weighted Particle Velocities In High Density Circulating Fluidized Beds, Gorkem Kirbas, Sung Won Kim, Xiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, John R. Grace May 2007

Radial Distribution Of Local Concentration Weighted Particle Velocities In High Density Circulating Fluidized Beds, Gorkem Kirbas, Sung Won Kim, Xiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, John R. Grace

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

An extensive experimental investigation of radial profiles of concentration -weighted particle velocities was carried out by simultaneously measuring local transient particle velocity, solids concentration and solids flux using a three-fibre optical probe at five axial levels and seven radial locations in a 0.2 m diameter riser operating over a wide range of solids circulation fluxes (198 to 350 kg/m 2s) and superficial gas velocities (6 to 8 m/s). Particle velocities averaged over time and concentration-weighted particle velocities were compared and found to differ from each other, the latter being smaller than the former at most radial locations. The difference, which …

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Detection Of Gas Bypassing Due To Jet Streaming In Deep Fluidized Beds Of Group A Particles, Allan S. Issangya, Ted Knowlton, S. B. Reddy Karri May 2007

Detection Of Gas Bypassing Due To Jet Streaming In Deep Fluidized Beds Of Group A Particles, Allan S. Issangya, Ted Knowlton, S. B. Reddy Karri

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Tests were conducted in deep fluidized beds with and without gas bypassing to develop a technique to detect jet streaming. By placing differential pressure (DP) transmitters across a middle section of the fluidized bed, it was found that jet streaming can be detected by analyzing the DP fluctuations.

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Understanding The Hydrodynamics In A 2-Dimensional Downer By Cfd-Dem Simulation, Yongzhi Zhao, Yi Cheng, Yulong Ding, Yong Jin May 2007

Understanding The Hydrodynamics In A 2-Dimensional Downer By Cfd-Dem Simulation, Yongzhi Zhao, Yi Cheng, Yulong Ding, Yong Jin

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The gas-solid flows in a 2-dimensional downer were simulated using a CFD-DEM method. The predicted macro-scale flow structure had good agreement with the experiments. The distinct clustering phenomena at meso-scale were revealed throughout the downer. Influences of the collision properties of the wall and the particles on the hydrodynamics in downer were investigated.

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Study Of High Velocity Attrition Nozzles In A Fluidized Bed, Jennifer Mcmillan, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Edward W. Chan May 2007

Study Of High Velocity Attrition Nozzles In A Fluidized Bed, Jennifer Mcmillan, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Edward W. Chan

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The objective of this study was to test different high velocity attrition nozzles and operating conditions in order to determine the effects of various parameters on the grinding efficiency. Nozzle geometry, as well as gas properties such as speed of sound and density had a significant impact on the grinding efficiency. In addition, a model was developed in order to understand the particle breakage mechanisms during particle attrition. The model showed that the primary attrition mechanism was the splitting of particles rather than their erosion.

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Effect Of Particle Size Distribution On The Performance Of A Catalytic Fluidized Bed Reactor, Sanjib Das Sharma, Todd S. Pugsley May 2007

Effect Of Particle Size Distribution On The Performance Of A Catalytic Fluidized Bed Reactor, Sanjib Das Sharma, Todd S. Pugsley

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to model ozone decomposition in a two-dimensional fluidized bed of 2.0 meters height and 0.1 m width. Simulations were carried out with mono-size, bimodal, and wide catalyst particle size distributions with the same mean diameter to model the effect of fines on the reaction. CFD predictions fall within 20% of the experimental data.

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A Cfd Study Into The Influence Of The Particle Particle Drag Force On The Dynamics Of Binary Gas Solid Fluidized Beds, Olumuyiwa Owoyemi, Paola Lettieri May 2007

A Cfd Study Into The Influence Of The Particle Particle Drag Force On The Dynamics Of Binary Gas Solid Fluidized Beds, Olumuyiwa Owoyemi, Paola Lettieri

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

This paper presents a preliminary CFD study into the effect of the particle-particle interphase mo- mentum transfer term on the mixing and bubble dynamics of a binary gas solid fluidized consisting of particles which only differ in size. A new fluid dynamic model, implemented within a commercial CFD code, CFX4.4, is used to model the binary mixture. The governing fluid dynamic relationships for the solid phases and the fluid phase are based on “the elastic force” concept from the Particle Bed Model (1, 2). The solids pressure for each of the particulate phases is not taken into consideration in this …

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The Influence Of Distributor Design On Fluidized Bed Dryer Hydrodynamics, Michael Wormsbecker, Todd S. Pugsley, Helen Tanfara May 2007

The Influence Of Distributor Design On Fluidized Bed Dryer Hydrodynamics, Michael Wormsbecker, Todd S. Pugsley, Helen Tanfara

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The influence of perforated plate, punched plate and Dutch weave mesh distributor designs on fluidized bed dryer hydrodynamics was studied for a range of bed loadings and superficial gas velocities. The punched plate performs better than the other designs at a gas velocity of 1.5 m/s and bed loadings greater than 1.0 kg.

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Dynamic Response Characteristics Of Local Capacitive Measurement Devices With Application To Cfd Validation, Clay R. Sutton, John Chen May 2007

Dynamic Response Characteristics Of Local Capacitive Measurement Devices With Application To Cfd Validation, Clay R. Sutton, John Chen

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The Two-Fluid Model (TFM) approach to modeling fluid-solid systems holds great promise as a means to simulate arbitrary systems, thus greatly reducing design and scale-up efforts. Unfortunately, comprehensive experimental validations of these models are still in short supply. This work addresses this issue by proposing a framework under which to relate computational fluid dynamics model results with experimental measurements on a one-to-one basis. Specifically this is performed for the case of local solids concentration transients in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed. The manner in which this comparison is performed has implications for the conclusions that may be drawn for a …

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Homogeneous To Bubbling Regime Transition In Gas- And Liquid-Fluidized Beds Through Dem-Cfd Simulations, Alberto Di Renzo, Francesco P. Di Maio May 2007

Homogeneous To Bubbling Regime Transition In Gas- And Liquid-Fluidized Beds Through Dem-Cfd Simulations, Alberto Di Renzo, Francesco P. Di Maio

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

DEM-CFD simulations are carried out for the water fluidization of 200 micron glass ballotini and air fluidization of cohesionless alumina 70 micron powders. In the first case, homogeneous expansion is found throughout the whole investigated range of water velocity. Alumina powders exhibits a transition to bubbling regime at a voidage value in very good agreement with results of the theory of particle bed stability. The simulated kinematic and dynamic wave propagation velocities are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

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Study Of Horizontal Sonic Gas Jets In Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, Matt Dawe, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti May 2007

Study Of Horizontal Sonic Gas Jets In Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, Matt Dawe, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The objective of this study was to measure the jet boundaries of sonic gas jets in a gas-solid fluidized bed using triboelectric probes. An empirical correlation was developed to predict jet penetration based on the results. This correlation was compared with existing correlations developed for sub-sonic gas jets.

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A New Fluid Dynamic Model For The Cfd Simulations Of Fluidized Beds, Luca Mazzei, Paola Lettieri May 2007

A New Fluid Dynamic Model For The Cfd Simulations Of Fluidized Beds, Luca Mazzei, Paola Lettieri

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

A new Eulerian-Eulerian multidimensional model is proposed for the study of the dynamics of dense fluidized suspensions. The main distinctive feature of this new formulation of the equations of motion resides in the closure relationships adopted to express the fluid-particle interaction force. The force accounts for three contributions: buoyant force, drag force and elastic force. The buoyant force is related to the weight of the fluid displaced by the particles. The drag force is expressed as the product of the drag exerted on an unhindered particle, subject to the same volumetric flux of fluid, and a “corrective function” dependent on …

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An Investigation Of Fluidized Bed Scaling Laws By Dem Simulation, John Sanderson, Martin J Rhodes, X. Shan Wang, K. Seng Lim May 2007

An Investigation Of Fluidized Bed Scaling Laws By Dem Simulation, John Sanderson, Martin J Rhodes, X. Shan Wang, K. Seng Lim

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

A preliminary investigation of the scaling laws for bubbling fluidized beds was undertaken using Discrete Element Method simulation. Six 2D and two 3D fluidized beds were simulated and compared using bed snapshots and dynamic pressure drop. Beds properly matched by the simplified criteria were in relatively poor agreement; agreement deteriorated further for a large scale change or a particle density mis-match. Simulations matched by the full scaling criteria agreed well at low velocities but deteriorated at higher velocities. The possible reasons for these results are discussed.

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Numerical Study Of The Intrinsic And Feedback Dynamics Of A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed, F. Bonniol, C. Sierra, R. Occelli, H. Bournot, L. Tadrist May 2007

Numerical Study Of The Intrinsic And Feedback Dynamics Of A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed, F. Bonniol, C. Sierra, R. Occelli, H. Bournot, L. Tadrist

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The aim of this paper is to understand the complex spatio-temporal patterning of the dense bed when the inlet conditions can be modified by the bed itself. In this study, the inlet conditions (fluid pressure and velocity upstream the bed) take into account resistive effects from the distributor and capacitive ones from the air-supply system (plenum). The present work addresses particularly the issue of the transition between multiple and single bubble regimes that occurs for some particular inlet conditions.

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Comparison Of Simulated And Measured Flow Patterns: Solid And Gas Mixing In A 2d Turbulent Fluidized Bed, Ulla Ojaniemi, Sirpa Kallio, Alf Hermanson, Mikko Manninen, Maiju Seppälä, Veikko Taivassalo May 2007

Comparison Of Simulated And Measured Flow Patterns: Solid And Gas Mixing In A 2d Turbulent Fluidized Bed, Ulla Ojaniemi, Sirpa Kallio, Alf Hermanson, Mikko Manninen, Maiju Seppälä, Veikko Taivassalo

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Results from experiments done in a 2D turbulent fluidized bed cold model are presented. Experiments were conducted to study flow patterns, particle mixing in the bed and spreading of gas blown from one side into the bed. 2D simulations of the experiments were carried out using the Eulerian multiphase models of the Fluent and MFIX CFD softwares.

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Prediction Of The Dynamics Of A Fluidized Bed Reactor Using Artificial Neural Networks, Shayan Karimipour, Navid Mostoufi, Rahmat Sotudeh -Gharebagh May 2007

Prediction Of The Dynamics Of A Fluidized Bed Reactor Using Artificial Neural Networks, Shayan Karimipour, Navid Mostoufi, Rahmat Sotudeh -Gharebagh

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The dynamic behavior of fluidized bed has been studied based on the chaos theory. The experiments were done in a fluidized bed of 0.15 m diameter using an optical fiber probe. The interval between successive clusters in the fluidized bed were calculated from the time series signals and proved to be chaotic by calculating the correlation dimension. An artificial neural network (ANN) was adapted and trained to predict the generated time series. The ANN results were compared with the predictions of the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) method to show the superiority of ANN in chaotic time series prediction.

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Effect Of The Gas-To-Liquid Ratio On The Performance Of Nozzles Injecting Gas-Atomized Liquid Into A Fluidized Bed, Federica Portoghese, Franco Berruti, Cedric Briens, Lorenzo Ferrante, Edward W. Chan May 2007

Effect Of The Gas-To-Liquid Ratio On The Performance Of Nozzles Injecting Gas-Atomized Liquid Into A Fluidized Bed, Federica Portoghese, Franco Berruti, Cedric Briens, Lorenzo Ferrante, Edward W. Chan

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

A novel experimental technique using triboelectric and temperature measurements was developed to assess the performance of nozzles injecting gas-atomized liquid into a gas-solid fluidized bed. The effect of varying the gas-to-liquid mass ratio on the nozzle performance was investigated.

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The Fluidization Pattern Of Density-Segregating Two-Solid Beds, Bruno Formisani, Rossella Girimonte, Tiziana Longo May 2007

The Fluidization Pattern Of Density-Segregating Two-Solid Beds, Bruno Formisani, Rossella Girimonte, Tiziana Longo

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

An experimental work is presented meant to clarify the specific role played by density differences between components in the segregating fluidization process of two-solid beds. The overall behaviour of such systems is characterized by substituting the traditional concept of “minimum fluidization velocity” of the binary mixture with the “velocity interval of fluidization” of the bed, which is limited by its “initial” and “final” fluidization velocity”. The dependence of these characteristic velocities on parameters such as component densities and mixture composition is illustrated by several series of experiments. The experimental results are analysed in the light of the fundamental theory, so …

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Void Fraction Near Surfaces Immersed In Fluidized Beds By Heat Transfer Measurements, Francesco Di Natale, Amedeo Lancia, Roberto Nigro May 2007

Void Fraction Near Surfaces Immersed In Fluidized Beds By Heat Transfer Measurements, Francesco Di Natale, Amedeo Lancia, Roberto Nigro

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

A semi-empirical model is used to calculate the averaged surface void fraction in fluidized beds, εw, starting from experimental data on surface-to-bed heat transfer coefficient. The model is able to describe the effect of the main process parameters and shows that εw increases with minimum fluidization void fraction and particle Archimedes number.

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Radiation Heat Transfer In Circulating Fluidized Beds, Leon R. Glicksman May 2007

Radiation Heat Transfer In Circulating Fluidized Beds, Leon R. Glicksman

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Prediction of heat transfer between bed walls and adjacent clusters is a challenging problem especially for heat temperature applications. Radiation heat transfer is an important component. An accurate analysis must account for the radiation interactions between elements of the cluster at different distances from the wall. A new model that properly accounts for conduction and radiation within the cluster is compared to several mechanistic models from the literature. Substantial discrepancies are found, requiring a better understanding of the cluster physical behavior at the wall.

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Towards Filtered Gas-Solid Flow Models, Juray De Wilde May 2007

Towards Filtered Gas-Solid Flow Models, Juray De Wilde

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

To account for meso-scale phenomena in coarse grid simulations, correlation terms appearing in the filtered gas-solid flow equations have to be modeled. Filtered models for the gas-solid momentum transfer are focused on and possible approaches are derived and evaluated. The evaluation supports the combination of an apparent distribution of the filtered gas phase pressure gradient over the phases and an apparent drag force to describe filtered gas-solid momentum transfer. As the filter frequency decreases, the contribution of the apparent distribution of the filtered gas phase pressure gradient over the phases to the filtered description of gas-solid momentum transfer gradually grows …

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Throughflow Velocity Crossing The Dome Of Erupting Bubbles In 2-D Fluidized Beds, J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, C. Sobrino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, D. Santana, M. De Vega, U. Ruiz-Rivas May 2007

Throughflow Velocity Crossing The Dome Of Erupting Bubbles In 2-D Fluidized Beds, J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, C. Sobrino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, D. Santana, M. De Vega, U. Ruiz-Rivas

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

A new non-intrusive method for measuring the throughflow velocity crossing the dome of erupting bubbles in freely bubbling 2-D fluidized beds is presented. Using a high speed video-camera, the dome acceleration, drag force and throughflow velocity profiles are obtained for different experiments, varying the superficial gas velocity. The acceleration profiles show greater values in the dome zone where the gravity component is negligible. The drag force and the throughflow velocity profiles show a uniform value in the central region of the dome (40 deg < < 140 deg) and the total throughflow increases with the superficial gas velocity.

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Four Approaches To Structure Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, J. Ruud Van Ommen, John Nijenhuis, Marc-Olivier Coppens May 2007

Four Approaches To Structure Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, J. Ruud Van Ommen, John Nijenhuis, Marc-Olivier Coppens

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Structuring fluidized beds can facilitate scale-up and increase conversion and selectivity by controlling the bubble size. We present four approaches to structure fluidized beds: oscillating the gas flow, distributing the gas injection, imposing an electric field to induce interparticle forces, and optimising distributed particle properties such as the size.

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Gas Fluidization And Pneumatic Conveying In Confined Beds: A Numerical Study, Yurong He, Thang Ngoc Cong, Yulong Ding, Huilin Lu May 2007

Gas Fluidization And Pneumatic Conveying In Confined Beds: A Numerical Study, Yurong He, Thang Ngoc Cong, Yulong Ding, Huilin Lu

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The fluidization phenomena for gas-fine particle two-phase flow is numerically simulated in confined fluidized bed based on two-fluid model, applying body-fitted coordination for the irregular geometry zone in this work. The simulation was performed either with a partially packed fluidized bed in the bottom part applying various superficial gas velocities in bubbling region, which is used to study the bubbles formation and the average porosity in the packed zone, or with a whole packed fluidized bed applying various solid flux rates in pneumatic region, which is used to investigate the mechanism in the packed bed. The void fraction of the …

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