Engineering Commons^™

The Bobo Project: Hexa-Eagles, Anjana Mahesh Kumar, Huna Amad, Jean Samirah Venturina, Sakthivel Mithra, Suhasini, Sumaiyathul Faaliha

Student Works

The consumer business has undergone a substantial shift in how customers to shop since the introduction of online shopping. When the world was affected by Covid-19 in 2020, one of the most major repercussions was in the Food & Beverage (F&B) and grocery industries. As a result of the pandemic, many cities were put under lockdown, and everyone remained indoors. Consumer purchasing patterns changed dramatically, with malls closing or operating with limited access, and customers avoiding common spaces for fear of getting the virus. As the global epidemic progressed, several firms were forced to close their physical locations due to …

Self-Acquisition Of Liquid Propellant Versatile Arsenal Of Resources Endeavour (S.A.L.V.A.R.E.), Vittorio Baraldi, Nikki Smith-Cielo, Sotirios Zormpas

Student Works

Unlocking the mysteries of Mars’s past and future habitability is just within humanity’s grasp. With a multitude of inherent similarities to Earth, Mars is one of the most promising locations to extend humankind’s reach in manned space exploration. As humanity is at the summit of taking the next leap for mankind by preparing the first crewed missions to Mars, a need that must be met is to significantly reduce the mass necessary to deliver to the surface.

The Self-Acquisition of Liquid propellant Versatile Arsenal of Resources Endeavour (SALVARE) project details a mission for creating the first Mars water-based In-Situ Resources …

The Effects Of 5g Implementation On The Aspects Of Sustainability In The Air Transportation Industry, Leila Halawi, Douglas Ashlock, Lucy Elias, Hannah Puchkoris, Anthony Williams

Publications

The concern of 5G C-band frequency interference with global aviation operations was founded on the criticality of a single-point failure with the radio altimeter operations. The research in this report intends to highlight the severe impact of 5G C-band implementation on the air transportation industry. It focuses on one airport in the United States, Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA), one of the busiest airports in the country, flying both domestically and internationally. The results show that Boeing aircraft are affected more than Airbus for 5G interference. Further, the findings show that the United States should align its 5G implementation with other …

State-Of-The-Art Of Thermal Control Solutions To Establish A Modular, Multi-Orbit Capable Spacecraft Thermal Management System Design Methodology, Robert C. Consolo Jr

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Today, the exploration and exploitation of space continues to become a more common occurrence. All types of spacecraft (S/C) utilize various types of thermal management solutions to mitigate the effects of thermal loading from the unforgiving vacuum of space. Without an appropriately designed thermal system, components on-board the S/C can experience failure or malfunction due to fluctuations in temperatures either beyond the designed operational parameters or unstable oscillating temperatures. The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of technologies available today that are being used for thermal management onboard S/C in addition to investigating the means to …

Numerical Simulation Of A Cryogenic Spray, Neel Kishorkumar Shah

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Cryogenic sprays have many applications in modern engineering. Cooling of electronic equipment subject to high heat flows, surgical ablation of gastrointestinal mucosae or orbital maneuvering are a few examples of their versatility. However, the atomization of a cryogenic liquid is a complex process. During such an event, aerodynamic effects associated with secondary atomization are further affected by thermodynamic flashing. A better understanding of the characteristics of cryogenic sprays is then necessary to allow for improved design and optimization in applications. The overarching objective of this study is to document such characteristics. The numerical simulation was performed over cryogenic nitrogen spray …

In-Situ Monitoring Of Additive Manufacturing Using Digital Image Correlation, Martina Jani

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Advances in additive manufacturing over the past decade have led to applications in multiple fields. In particular, additive manufacturing answers the need for high flexibility in designing complex structures, however, the rapid thermal fluctuations during processing lead to numerous defects and processing-induced residual stresses. In this research, an in-situ approach using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is developed to monitor the deformation during the processing, and thereby analyze the formation of defects and residual stresses. DIC is a visual technique that compares the changes in speckle pattern in consecutive images of a specimen to determine the displacements and strains. This research …

Noise And Time Pressure Effects On Situation Awareness And Aviation Maintenance Tasks, Syaza R. M. Haris

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Aircraft maintenance technicians (AMTs) working in a line maintenance work setting are very susceptible to the deafening occupational noise from the airport vicinity or the maintenance machinery itself. Compared to a base maintenance working period, a line maintenance job requires AMTs to complete a task within a short time frame. The current study's objective is to determine if different noise levels and time pressure influence AMTs' performance and situation awareness (SA). Sixteen Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University students majoring in Aviation Maintenance Science participated in a within-subject experimental design. Each participant's performance, SA level, and perceived workload were measured during maintenance tasks …

Robotic Olfactory-Based Navigation With Mobile Robots, Lingxiao Wang

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Robotic odor source localization (OSL) is a technology that enables mobile robots or autonomous vehicles to find an odor source in unknown environments. It has been viewed as challenging due to the turbulent nature of airflows and the resulting odor plume characteristics. The key to correctly finding an odor source is designing an effective olfactory-based navigation algorithm, which guides the robot to detect emitted odor plumes as cues in finding the source. This dissertation proposes three kinds of olfactory-based navigation methods to improve search efficiency while maintaining a low computational cost, incorporating different machine learning and artificial intelligence methods.

A. …

Reduced-Order Dynamic Modeling And Robust Nonlinear Control Of Fluid Flow Velocity Fields, Anu Kossery Jayaprakash, William Mackunis, Vladimir Golubev, Oksana Stalnov

Publications

A robust nonlinear control method is developed for fluid flow velocity tracking, which formally addresses the inherent challenges in practical implementation of closed-loop active flow control systems. A key challenge being addressed here is flow control design to compensate for model parameter variations that can arise from actuator perturbations. The control design is based on a detailed reduced-order model of the actuated flow dynamics, which is rigorously derived to incorporate the inherent time-varying uncertainty in the both the model parameters and the actuator dynamics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first robust nonlinear closed-loop active flow …

Kinematics Of Inter-Ply Interfaces In Composite Manufacturing, Sandeep Chava

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The ubiquitous usage of polymer matrix composites in many applications demands a comprehensive understanding of composite interfaces and processing induced residual stresses, which critically affect both the manufacturing processes and the deformation mechanisms. Processing induced residual stresses are often responsible for causing warping, delamination, and dimensional instability in composite structures. This research includes new in-situ experimental approaches, cure cycle design, interface modification, and thermomechanical modeling for developing a fundamental understanding of the cure kinetics during composite manufacturing. Strains, ply-movement, and formation of defects are observed in-situ using digital image correlation (DIC) during the autoclave cure cycle for the first time. …

Teaching Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion In Aviation Education., Jorge L. D. Albelo Ph.D., Nicola O'Toole

Publications

Over the last decade, many companies have begun to recognize the value of a diverse workforce, equity within the workforce, and inclusion practices. Recent global events have pushed the promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the aviation workplace and education higher on the priority list for many. Unfortunately, the aviation industry continues to have difficulty in attracting and retaining a diverse workforce. Notwithstanding this struggle in the industry, those in education must find ways to educate our students on topics relating to DEI. It is critically important that this training is rooted in research. The aviation industry is …

Utilizing Uas To Support Wildlife Hazard Management Efforts By Airport Operators, Flavio A. C. Mendonca, Ryan Wallace

Publications

The FAA requires airports operating under the Code of Federal Regulations Part 139 to conduct a wildlife hazard assessment (WHA) when some wildlife-strike events have occurred at or near the airport. The WHA should be conducted by a Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologist (QAWB) and must contain several elements, including the identification of the wildlife species observed and their numbers; local movements; daily and seasonal occurrences; and the identification and location of features on and near the airport that could attract wildlife. Habitats and land-use practices at and around the airport are key factors affecting wildlife species and the size of …

Comprehensive Report On Extraterrestrial Resource Extraction, Robinson Raphael

Student Works

The prospect of asteroid mining provides a plethora of riches that include metals and water. As the number of discovered asteroids continues to grow, opportunities arise to commercialize these resources within Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs). With urgent applications on Earth and in space, NEAs allow for a surge in sales. Planning forward, Astroider Aerospace Systems follows a mission split into four phases. Phase 1 develops a series of spacecraft using existing technologies, titled as Near-Earth Asteroid Miners and Near-Earth Asteroid Surveyors. Phase 2 first launches the surveyors to candidate NEAs, prospecting them for ores. To identify potential celestial bodies for this …

Stress Intensity Factor - Simple Solution For A Complex Problem, Hamid A. Ghassri, Alberto Mello

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

This research explores the modeling of a cracked structure using a linear elastic finite element method (FEM) analysis with the objective of determining the stress intensity factor (SIF) for complex geometries. The analysis uses a mapping of the stress concentration area ahead of the crack tip to asymptotically determine the SIF. For model calibration, Irwin’s approximation method was used in two known crack case solutions subjected to a uniform tensile loading (Mode I – Opening) with fixed geometric dimensions. With focus on aircraft airworthiness application, two more complex geometries with irregular stress distributions were analyzed and the results were extracted …

Trajectory Generation For A Multibody Robotic System: Modern Methods Based On Product Of Exponentials, Aryslan Malik

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

This work presents several trajectory generation algorithms for multibody robotic systems based on the Product of Exponentials (PoE) formulation, also known as screw theory. A PoE formulation is first developed to model the kinematics and dynamics of a multibody robotic manipulator (Sawyer Robot) with 7 revolute joints and an end-effector.

In the first method, an Inverse Kinematics (IK) algorithm based on the Newton-Raphson iterative method is applied to generate constrained joint-space trajectories corresponding to straight-line and curvilinear motions of the end effector in Cartesian space with finite jerk. The second approach describes Constant Screw Axis (CSA) trajectories which are generated …

Airspace Integration Of New Entrants And Safety Risk Management Models, Fadjimata Issoufou Anaroua

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

In recent years, the demand for airspace access of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) increased significantly and is continuously increasing for different altitude-types UAS. A similar evolution is expected from Commercial Space Operations (CSO) in the next years. These aviation/aerospace systems will need to be seamlessly integrated into the National Airspace System (NAS), at their operational altitude levels, and accounted for from all perspectives, including proactively addressing their safety hazards. This thesis captures the requirements for the new entrants’ integration, and then identifies and analyzes the safety risks added to the NAS operations by its new entrants, the future omnipresent UAS …

Fabrication & Mechanical Properties Of Hastelloy-X Matrix Ceramic Composite, Sultan Stewart

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

In the aerospace industry, there is a desire for increased thermal and mechanical properties of sealing materials. In this thesis, porous Hastelloy-X alloy scaffolds with 80% porosity, currently used for fabricating seals in turbine applications, were used as the base material. The microstructure of the porous Hastelloy-X scaffolds was infiltrated using a room temperature curing silicate colloid (trade name -Dichtol HTWG Hydro #2506) and a novel zirconia based colloid to fabricate the metal matrix composites. Various fabrication processes, some using vacuum and pressure to assist the flow were utilized to infiltrate the scaffolds. The green composites were then cured at …

Satellite Deceleration Using Gravity Assist From Asteroid, Nicolas M. Prulhiere

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Satellites have used gravity assists to increase their speed when exploring the solar system. This same maneuver can be done but with the objective to slow down the satellites. This has been theorized to slow down asteroids using the moon to capture them in earth’s orbit. My goal is to determine if asteroids can be used to provide a change in speed great enough to the point that after multiple of these maneuvers the satellite can come to a stop. By being able to slow down and stop a satellite without having to use thrusters will allow the mass allocated …

High Fidelity Studies In Closed-Loop Control Of Unsteady Aerodynamics, Miriam Theobald-Deschine

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

We implement and explore the success of a nonlinear, closed loop flow control strategy based on POD-ROM focusing on boundary-layer transitional flow in high-fidelity computational studies involving FDL3DI ILES code. Controlling the boundary-layer transition from laminar to turbulent allows the laminar boundary-layer to be lengthened, decreasing skin-friction drag on an airfoil. Analyses are conducted on a flat plate with an elliptical leading edge, later to be implemented in future studies with real airfoil geometry. The feedback control design employs strategically placed synthetic-jet micro actuators and pressure sensors. The efficiency of the closed-loop flow control strategies is examined in comparison with …

The Effect Of Part Curvature On The Formation Of Residual Stresses In Carbon Fiber Prepreg Laminates, Bradley Rogan

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The formation of residual stresses during the processing of composite parts can lead to undesired defects such as delamination which can reduce the overall strength of a completed component. Furthermore, the addition of curvature to the part geometry tends to result in wrinkle formation which leads to stress concentrations developing throughout the curing process in the areas near these wrinkles. In this work, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) will be used to monitor the development of stresses throughout the cure cycle of carbon fiber prepreg in several different lay-ups and across tool plates with varying curvatures to determine what effect the …

Machine Learning For Unmanned Aerial System (Uas) Networking, Jian Wang

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Fueled by the advancement of 5G new radio (5G NR), rapid development has occurred in many fields. Compared with the conventional approaches, beamforming and network slicing enable 5G NR to have ten times decrease in latency, connection density, and experienced throughput than 4G long term evolution (4G LTE). These advantages pave the way for the evolution of Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) on a large scale. The reduction of consumption, the advancement of control engineering, and the simplification of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) enable the UAS networking deployment on a large scale to become feasible. The UAS networking can finish multiple complex …

Optimal Sizing And Control Of Hybrid Rocket Vehicles, Srija Ryakam

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

In the present work, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize a hybrid rocket engine in order to minimize the propellant required for a specific mission. In a hybrid rocket engine, the mass flow rate of the oxidizer can be throttled to enhance the performance of the rocket. First, an analysis of the internal ballistics and the ascent trajectory has been carried out for different mass flow rates of the oxidizer as a function of time, for a fixed amount of oxidizer, in order to study the effect of throttling. Two equivalent problems are considered: in the first problem the …

Don't Bite The Bait: Phishing Attack For Internet Banking (E-Banking), Ilker Kara

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Phishing attacks are based on obtaining desired information from users quickly and easily with the help of misdirecting, panicking, curiosity, or excitement. Most of the phishing web sites are designed on internet banking(e-banking) and the attackers can acquire financial information of misled users with the tactics and discourses they develop. Despite the increase of prevention techniques against phishing attacks day by day, an effective solution could not be found for this issue due to the human factor. Because of this reason, real phishing attack studies are essential to study and analyze the attackers’ attack techniques and strategies. This study focused …

Moisture Affinity Of Hdpe/Phase-Change Material Composites For Thermal Energy Storage Applications, Sandra K. Boetcher, Thomas B. Freeman, Rafael M. Rodriguez, Kashif Nawaz

Publications

Moisture adsorption can degrade the structural integrity of thermal energy storage devices and can negatively impact the capacity and charging/discharging behavior. Steady-state and transient experiments are conducted at various operating temperatures to evaluate the moisture affinity of organic phase-change material (PCM) shape stabilized with high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Improvement On Pdp Evaluation Performance Based On Neural Networks And Sgdk-Means Algorithm, Fan Deng, Houbing Song, Zhenhua Yu, Liyong Zhang, Xi Song, Min Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Yu Mei

Publications

With the purpose of improving the PDP (policy decision point) evaluation performance, a novel and efficient evaluation engine, namely XDNNEngine, based on neural networks and an SGDK-means (stochastic gradient descent K-means) algorithm is proposed. We divide a policy set into different clusters, distinguish different rules based on their own features and label them for the training of neural networks by using the K-means algorithm and an asynchronous SGDK-means algorithm. Then, we utilize neural networks to search for the applicable rule. A quantitative neural network is introduced to reduce a server’s computational cost. By simulating the arrival of requests, XDNNEngine is …

The Potential Impact Of A Voluntary Non-Punitive Self Report Program Under The Scope Of The Brazilian Civil Aviation Authority, Audrey Gonzalez, Bráullio Amaral, Felipe Piton, Laércio De Araujo, Marcelo Marcusso

Student Works

The key recommendation from this study is to purpose the Brazilian National Civil Aviation Authority evaluation over the implementation of a new voluntary and non-punitive safety reporting program, with a different scope from the current one. The voluntary self-reporting programs in place in the USA, Europe and Australia should be used as a regulatory reference and the program development and implementation should be executed in close coordination with the different industry stakeholders.

To access if the current Brazilian State Safety reporting system meets ICAO requirements, the researchers accessed pertinent aviation safety regulatory legislation. Additionally, to access if the current Brazilian …

Analyzing The Effect Of Delta Airlines' Fleet Upgrade On Operations At Atlanta-Hartsfield Jackson International Airport, Carlos Alberto Castro, Shlok Misra

Publications

Commercial aviation has seen a growth in terms of passengers traveled and flights operated in the past decade (BTS, 2020). To cope up with this growth, airlines adopt various strategies such as network expansion and fleet upgrades. Airlines adopt fleet upgrade strategies to modernize their fleet, reduce costs, expand network coverage, and improve customer loyalty and experience. Research suggests that change in wake turbulence categorization and aircraft performance can directly impact the movements and delays at an airport. For this study, Delta Airline's fleet upgrade program and its effect on operating parameters at Atlanta-Hartsfield Jackson International Airport were analyzed. The …

Student Engagement In Aviation Massive Open Online Courses (Moocs), Jennifer M. Edwards, Haydee M. Cuevas, Felix Brito, Mark Friend, Maryjo O. Smith

Publications

As online training in the aviation industry continues to expand, understanding how learners engage in open online courses may help inform course design. Currently little is known about student engagement in aviation Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and more information is needed about those who utilize, but do not complete them. Datasets from two aviation MOOCs were cluster-analyzed to determine subpopulations based on activity (discussions, videos, quizzes). Differences were examined for days of activity and completion. Survey data revealed differences in demographics and learning goals. Three significantly different subgroups were found for each MOOC. Engagement patterns were similar between corresponding …

Zero-Bias Deep Neural Network For Quickest Rf Signal Surveillance, Yongxin Liu, Jian Wang, Dahai Liu, Houbing Song, Yingjie Chen, Shuteng Niu

Publications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping modern society by allowing a decent number of RF devices to connect and share information through RF channels. However, such an open nature also brings obstacles to surveillance. For alleviation, a surveillance oracle, or a cognitive communication entity needs to identify and confirm the appearance of known or unknown signal sources in real-time. In this paper, we provide a deep learning framework for RF signal surveillance. Specifically, we jointly integrate the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Quickest Detection (QD) to form a sequential signal surveillance scheme. We first analyze the latent space characteristic …

Adverse Weather Low-Probality Forecast Effects On Flight Fuel Planning, Fabio Castro, Diogo Umsza, David Louzada, Paulo Ricardo Lanzarini, Manoel Valente

Student Works

This project aimed to improve the efficiency of flight planning of regular airlines regarding the addition of extra fuel due to weather forecasts with low probability occurrence regarding rain and thunderstorm events (30 and 40% chances).

Recommendations:

• Expand the scope/sample of analyzed flights to include other significant strategic airports.

• Involve Operations Control Center, Air Operations Engineering, and Safety Department in future studies in order to create an effective policy for extra fuel supply (on planning and flight execution).

• Include in the study other meteorological phenomena and conditions that involve flights extra fuel supply, such as FOG, MIST, HAZE.

• Expand the …

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