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Articles 3751 - 3780 of 4850

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Ecad To Mcad Interoperability For Automated Enclosure Design, Adam C. Wilcox Nov 2008

Ecad To Mcad Interoperability For Automated Enclosure Design, Adam C. Wilcox

Theses and Dissertations

Enclosure design is the process of creating a package that will support and protect enclosed circuitry. Electronic enclosures are used in almost all industries, such as aerospace, automotive, naval, computer, toy, etc. Many designers use computer aided design (CAD) packages to aid them in creating these enclosures. Enclosure creation involves a working knowledge of the physics behind electrical and mechanical systems. Each of these engineering disciplines has separate CAD packages with their own set of rules, programming language, and interfaces. This creates a barrier for communication flow between electrical CAD (ECAD) and mechanical CAD (MCAD). The purpose of this thesis …

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Design Of A Three-Passage Low Reynolds Number Turbine Cascade With Periodic Flow Conditions, Daniel R. Rogers Nov 2008

Design Of A Three-Passage Low Reynolds Number Turbine Cascade With Periodic Flow Conditions, Daniel R. Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

A numerical method for modeling a low Reynolds number turbine blade, the L1M, is presented along with the pitfalls encountered. A laminar solution was confirmed to not accurately predict the flow features known in low Reynolds number turbine blade flow. Three fully turbulent models were then used to try to predict the separation and reattachment of the flow. These models were also found to be insufficient for transitioning flows. A domain was created to manually trip the laminar flow to turbulent flow using a predictive turbulence transition model. The trip in the domain introduced an instability in the flow field …

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Crashes In The Vicinity Of Major Crossroads, Charles G. Allen Nov 2008

Crashes In The Vicinity Of Major Crossroads, Charles G. Allen

Theses and Dissertations

Major crossroads are designed to facilitate the conflicting movements of numerous vehicles in a manner that is both safe and efficient. Accesses located within the functional areas of major crossroads add complication to intersection activity due to additional conflicts arising from ingressing and egressing movements at the accesses. In this research, the impact of accesses on crashes within major crossroad functional areas was analyzed. Specifically, the effects of access spacing within functional areas and access setback from intersections were addressed. In order to conduct the analysis, the functional areas of 159 signalized major arterial crossroads across the state of Utah …

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Foundational Data Repository For Numeric Engine Validation, Jason Michael Hollingsworth Nov 2008

Foundational Data Repository For Numeric Engine Validation, Jason Michael Hollingsworth

Theses and Dissertations

Many different numeric models have been created to address a variety of hydraulic and hydrologic engineering applications. Each utilizes formulations and numeric methods to represent processes such as contaminant transport, coastal circulation, and watershed runoff. Although one process may be adequately represented by a model, this does not guarantee that another process will be represented even if that process is similar. For example, a model that computes subcritical flow does not necessarily compute supercritical flow. Selecting an appropriate numeric model for a situation is a prerequisite to obtaining accurate results. Current policies and resources do not provide adequate guidance in …

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Effect Of Initial Scarification And Overlay Treatment Timing On Chloride Concentrations In Concrete Bridge Decks, Curtis Daniel Nolan Nov 2008

Effect Of Initial Scarification And Overlay Treatment Timing On Chloride Concentrations In Concrete Bridge Decks, Curtis Daniel Nolan

Theses and Dissertations

Considering the pervasive presence of chlorides in concrete bridge decks, bridge engineers have a critical responsibility to perform proper and effective preventive maintenance and rehabilitation operations. Bridge engineers often perform scarification and overlay (SO) procedures on concrete bridge decks to minimize the corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride ingress. Given the need to develop guidelines for the initial timing of SO treatments, the specific objectives of this research were to collect information from several department of transportation (DOT) personnel about their SO procedures and, subsequently, to determine the recommended timing of initial SO procedures on concrete bridge decks for …

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Median Crossover Crashes In The Vicinity Of Interchanges On Utah Interstates, Katherine Elaine Winters Nov 2008

Median Crossover Crashes In The Vicinity Of Interchanges On Utah Interstates, Katherine Elaine Winters

Theses and Dissertations

While not accounting for a significant proportion of overall crashes, median crossover crashes in the state of Utah do account for a significant proportion of interstate fatalities. Due to the seriousness of median crossover crashes in the state of Utah, the need exists to evaluate the impact of median crossover crashes in the state, to identify locations where median crossover crashes may be occurring at particularly high rates, and to identify methods to help mitigate these crashes. Previous research has noted that median crossover crash rates appear to increase in the vicinity of interchanges. The purpose of this research, therefore, …

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Wire-Braced Semirigid Elevated Rotor System Concept For A Human-Powered Helicopter, Jonathan Richard Silvester Nov 2008

Wire-Braced Semirigid Elevated Rotor System Concept For A Human-Powered Helicopter, Jonathan Richard Silvester

Theses and Dissertations

In order for a human-powered helicopter (HPH) to fly, lifting the weight of its human pilot-engine and the weight of its own structure, the rotary wings need to be extremely large and exceptionally lightweight. Through centuries of dreaming and decades of modern attempts, no design so far has been able to obtain the combination of an adequately large rotor size, sufficiently lightweight structure, and an inherently stable aircraft. This thesis describes a concept of a wire-braced semi-rigid elevated rotor system for a proposed HPH. Then, using scale models and quantitative analysis, tests a series of supporting hypotheses in order to …

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Lean Six Sigma As A Source Of Competitive Advantage, Alessandro Giorgio Cavallini Nov 2008

Lean Six Sigma As A Source Of Competitive Advantage, Alessandro Giorgio Cavallini

Theses and Dissertations

Anecdotal data affirms that companies applying Lean Six Sigma in their operations not only deliver higher quality products and services, but also obtain superior financial results. The goal of this research was to empirically verify anecdotal data. The study proposed to analyze a group of publicly traded manufacturing companies with the intent of verifying if a correlation exists between companies being lean and the attainment of superior returns on investments. The researcher performed a series of statistical tests comparing key Financial Performance Indicators (FPI) extracted from annual reports (10-K) from a large pool of companies. The outcome of this study …

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A C-Band Scatterometer Simultaneous Wind/Rain Retrieval Method, David G. Long, Congling Nie Nov 2008

A C-Band Scatterometer Simultaneous Wind/Rain Retrieval Method, David G. Long, Congling Nie

Faculty Publications

Using collocated ERS scatterometer (ESCAT), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR), and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data, the effects of rain on ESCAT wind-only retrieval are evaluated. Additional scattering from rain causes estimated wind speeds to appear higher than expected. Selected directions of the rain-corrupted wind vectors are biased toward along-track directions under conditions of heavy rain, which is regardless of the true wind direction. Rain becomes more significant for data acquired at a high incidence angle. To compensate for rain-induced backscatter, a simultaneous wind/rain retrieval (SWRR) method, which simultaneously retrieves wind velocity and surface …

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Surface Relief D-Fiber Bragg Gratings For Sensing Applications, Tyson Lee Lowder Oct 2008

Surface Relief D-Fiber Bragg Gratings For Sensing Applications, Tyson Lee Lowder

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents the novel creation of a surface relief fiber Bragg grating on the flat surface of a D-shaped optical fiber. In order to produce an efficient surface relief grating the grating must be etched into the surface of the glass fiber close to the core. A short etch that removes the cladding above the core is performed in order to decrease the core-to-flat distance and allow the light to interact with the grating on the flat surface. Due to the unique D-shape of the optical fiber the mechanical integrity of the fiber remains high even after the fabrication …

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A Mechanistic Investigation Of Nitrogen Evolution In Pulverized Coal Oxy-Fuel Combustion, Andrew John Mackrory Oct 2008

A Mechanistic Investigation Of Nitrogen Evolution In Pulverized Coal Oxy-Fuel Combustion, Andrew John Mackrory

Theses and Dissertations

Oxy-fuel combustion is an enabling technology for capture of CO2 from coal combustion, the economics of which depends strongly on the ability of the process to produce low NOX emissions. The literature contains many reports of lower NOX emissions from oxy-fuel combustion but the reasons for this are not fully understood. The objective of this work was to gain understanding of nitrogen evolution under pulverized coal oxy-fuel conditions. Pulverized coal was burned in a once-through, down-fired, laminar flow reactor. Nitrogen compounds and other combustion species were measured at the reactor centerline as a function of distance from the burner. Dry …

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Pile Downdrag During Construction Of Two Bridge Abutments, Brian Keith Sears Oct 2008

Pile Downdrag During Construction Of Two Bridge Abutments, Brian Keith Sears

Theses and Dissertations

Two steel pipe piles in place in abutments for two different bridge constructions sites were instrumented with strain gauges to measure the magnitude of negative skin friction. The piles were monitored before, during and up to 19 months after construction was completed. The load versus depth and time in each pile is discussed. Maximum observed dragloads ranged from 98 to 127 kips. A comparison with two methods for calculating dragloads is presented. Both comparison methods were found to be conservative, with the Briaud and Tucker (1997) approach more closely estimating the observed load versus depth behavior.

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Design And Analysis Of A Positively Engaged Continuously Variable Transmission, Brandon Levi Haupt Oct 2008

Design And Analysis Of A Positively Engaged Continuously Variable Transmission, Brandon Levi Haupt

Theses and Dissertations

With energy demands at an all time high, mechanical power systems are under great scrutiny. Substantial efforts are being made throughout the world to reduce energy use in common mechanical systems such as the internal combustion engine and transmission system. Eliminating or reducing efficiency losses in the transmission is a potential source of improving the efficiency of the system. To do so, various alternative types of transmissions are being investigated. At Brigham Young University, development of a Positively Engaged Continuously Variable Transmission (PECVT) is progressing. In addition to the efficiency increases that would occur as a result of operating the …

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A Detailed Look At The Omega-K Algorithm For Processing Synthetic Aperture Radar Data, Matthew A. Tolman Oct 2008

A Detailed Look At The Omega-K Algorithm For Processing Synthetic Aperture Radar Data, Matthew A. Tolman

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, the Omega-k algorithm used for processing stripmap synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is explored in detail. While the original Omega-k algorithm does not achieve the same SNR as a matched filter, a modification is presented which enables the algorithm to nearly achieve that SNR. It is shown that the focused point spread function obtained when the Omega-k algorithm is used differs in important ways from the output of a modified version of the matched filter. Spread out sidelobes and a stretched mainlobe are observed when the data is processed by the Omega-k algorithm. These differences may increase …

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Estimation Of Hurricane Winds From Seawinds At Ultrahigh Resolution, David G. Long, Brent A. Williams Oct 2008

Estimation Of Hurricane Winds From Seawinds At Ultrahigh Resolution, David G. Long, Brent A. Williams

Faculty Publications

Although the SeaWinds scatterometer was not specifically designed to observe tropical cyclones, new high-resolution wind products resolve much of the horizontal structure of these storms. However, these higher resolution products (2.5 km) are inherently noisier than the standard 25-km near-surface wind products. These noise levels combined with rain contamination complicate high-resolution wind estimation-particularly in tropical cyclones. Fortunately, tropical cyclones have structures that can be exploited by using a wind field model. This paper develops a new procedure for hurricane wind field estimation from the SeaWinds instrument at ultrahigh resolution. A simplified hurricane model is developed to provide prior information to …

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Reduced-Feedback Linear Precoding With Stable Performance For The Time-Varying Mimo Broadcast Channel, Michael A. Jensen, Adam L. Anderson, James R. Zeidler Oct 2008

Reduced-Feedback Linear Precoding With Stable Performance For The Time-Varying Mimo Broadcast Channel, Michael A. Jensen, Adam L. Anderson, James R. Zeidler

Faculty Publications

This work explores the performance of a multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channel where both the transmitter and receivers have outdated channel knowledge due to node motion or other time-variations in the communication channel. A performance analysis based on measured channel responses reveals significant throughput degradation for optimal linear and nonlinear precoding strategies unless the channel state information (CSI) is frequently fed back to the transmitter. The paper then develops a linear beamforming precoding strategy based on channel distribution information in the form of a full spatial correlation matrix for each user. This algorithm is shown to provide highly stable communication, with …

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A Low-Cost Open-Hardware Wideband Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (Mimo) Wireless Channel Sounder, Michael A. Jensen, Jon W. Wallace, B. T. Maharaj, Louis P. Linde Oct 2008

A Low-Cost Open-Hardware Wideband Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (Mimo) Wireless Channel Sounder, Michael A. Jensen, Jon W. Wallace, B. T. Maharaj, Louis P. Linde

Faculty Publications

Due to the complexity of multiple-input-multiple- output (MIMO) wireless channels, direct measurement is the main viable option for accurate characterization. Details on a new low-cost wideband channel sounder are presented, which was mainly constructed from conventional instruments and components. This switched architecture system is similar to commercial channel sounders and has modest cost (< US$ 50000). The sounder operates in the 2- to 8-GHz range with up to 100 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth and supports eight transmitters and receivers, which are sufficient to support the development and assessment of current and future MIMO wireless systems. In this "open-hardware" project, the hardware design and software components are openly available to other researchers interested in developing or enhancing the MIMO measurement capability. The actual systems built at the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, and Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, are presented, as are some example studies.

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Optimal Estimation Of Calibration Parameters In Polarimetric Microwave Radiometers, David G. Long, Derek Hudson Oct 2008

Optimal Estimation Of Calibration Parameters In Polarimetric Microwave Radiometers, David G. Long, Derek Hudson

Faculty Publications

Methods for internal calibration of a certain class of microwave polarimetric radiometers are presented by Piepmeier. In that work, the calibration parameters are estimated algebraically. We demonstrate that Bayesian estimation decreases the root-mean-square error of the estimates by a factor of two. This improvement is obtained by using knowledge of the noise structure of the measurements and by utilizing all of the information provided by the measurements. Drawbacks are the increased complexity of the method and an increase in computation. We also extend the method to estimate several hardware component parameters of interest in system calibration.

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Theory And Application Of Motion Compensation For Lfm-Cw Sar, David G. Long, Evan C. Zaugg Oct 2008

Theory And Application Of Motion Compensation For Lfm-Cw Sar, David G. Long, Evan C. Zaugg

Faculty Publications

Small low-cost high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are made possible by using a linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave (LFM-CW) signal. SAR processing assumes that the sensor is moving in a straight line at a constant speed, but in actuality, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or airplane will often significantly deviate from this ideal. This nonideal motion can seriously degrade the SAR image quality. In a continuous-wave system, this motion happens during the radar pulse, which means that existing motion compensation techniques that approximate the position as constant over a pulse are limited for LFM-CW SAR. Small aircraft and UAVs are particularly …

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Sequestration And Ultrasound-Induced Release Of Doxorubicin From Stabilized Pluronic P105 Micelles, John D. Pruitt, William G. Pitt Sep 2008

Sequestration And Ultrasound-Induced Release Of Doxorubicin From Stabilized Pluronic P105 Micelles, John D. Pruitt, William G. Pitt

Faculty Publications

Controlled drug delivery from micelles requires that the micelles remain stable when diluted below their critical micelle concentration, such as upon injection into blood. A cross-linked, interpenetrating network of N,N-diethylacrylamide (NNDEA) was polymerized in the core of Pluronic P105 micelles to stabilize temporarily the micelles at concentrations below the critical micellar concentration of free P105. The stabilized Pluronic micelles (called Plurogels) were able to sequester the drug doxorubicin (Dox) and protect HL-60 cells from the drug at concentrations where non-stabilized Pluronic provided no protection. The protection lasted ~ 12 hr, which is similar to the half-life of the particles. Application …

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Effects Of Environmental Factors On Construction Of Soil-Cement Pavement Layers, John E. Michener Sep 2008

Effects Of Environmental Factors On Construction Of Soil-Cement Pavement Layers, John E. Michener

Theses and Dissertations

The specific objectives of this research were to quantify the effects of certain environmental factors on the relative strength loss of soil-cement subjected to compaction delay and to develop a numerical tool that can be easily used by engineers and contractors for determining a maximum compaction delay time for a given project. These objectives were addressed through extensive laboratory work and statistical analyses. The laboratory work involved testing an aggregate base material and a subgrade soil, each treated with two levels of cement. Environmental factors included in the experimentation were wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity, and three levels of …

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Mechanistic Investigation Of Ash Deposition In Pulverized-Coal And Biomass Combustion, Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare Sep 2008

Mechanistic Investigation Of Ash Deposition In Pulverized-Coal And Biomass Combustion, Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare

Theses and Dissertations

This investigation details the effects of fuel constituents on ash deposition through systematic experimental and theoretical analyses of fundamental particle experiments and a suite of fuels with widely varying inorganic contents and compositions. The experiments were carried out in the Multifuel Flow Reactor (MFR) at Brigham Young University. Fuels included several biomass fuels (straw, sawdust and mixtures of straw-sawdust with other additives such as Al(OH)3, CaCO3, etc.) and four commercially-used coals (Illinois#6, Powder River Basin – Caballo and Cordero, Blind Canyon, and Lignite – Beulah Zap). The data from the series of experiments quantitatively illustrate the effects of fuel properties, …

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A-Priori Analysis Of Conditional Moment Closure Modeling Of A Temporal Ethylene Jet Flame With Soot Formation Using Direct Numerical Simulation, David O. Lignell, John C. Hewson, Jacqueline H. Chen Sep 2008

A-Priori Analysis Of Conditional Moment Closure Modeling Of A Temporal Ethylene Jet Flame With Soot Formation Using Direct Numerical Simulation, David O. Lignell, John C. Hewson, Jacqueline H. Chen

Faculty Publications

Modeling soot formation in turbulent nonpremixed combustion is a difficult problem. Unlike most gaseous combustion species, soot lacks a strong state relationship with the mixture fraction due to unsteady formation rates which overlap transport timescales, and strong differential diffusion between gaseous species and soot. The conditional moment closure model (CMC) has recently been applied to the problem of turbulent soot formation. A challenge in CMC modeling is the treatment of differential diffusion. Three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a nonpremixed ethylene jet flame with soot formation has been performed using a 19 species reduced ethylene mechanism and a four-step, three-moment, …

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Ultracompact Awg Using Air-Trench Bends With Perfluorocyclobutyl Polymer Waveguides, Seunghyun Kim, Gregory P. Nordin, John Ballato, Yongbin Lin, Nazli Rahmanian, Dennis W. Smith, Chris Topping Sep 2008

Ultracompact Awg Using Air-Trench Bends With Perfluorocyclobutyl Polymer Waveguides, Seunghyun Kim, Gregory P. Nordin, John Ballato, Yongbin Lin, Nazli Rahmanian, Dennis W. Smith, Chris Topping

Faculty Publications

Using air-trench bends, an ultracompact 8 8 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) demultiplexer (200-GHz channel spacing) for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) has been designed and fabricated with perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) core and clad co-polymers on a polyimide substrate. Compared to a conventional AWG in the same material system, the air-trench bend AWG shrinks the required chip area by a factor of 20. The decreased size is a factor in reducing the measured thermal shift to -0.012 nm/ C and decreasing the polarization-dependent wavelength shift to 1.3 nm.

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Evaluating Three-Dimensional Effects On The Behavior Of Compliant Bistable Micromechanisms, Brian B. Cherry, Larry L. Howell, Brian D. Jensen Sep 2008

Evaluating Three-Dimensional Effects On The Behavior Of Compliant Bistable Micromechanisms, Brian B. Cherry, Larry L. Howell, Brian D. Jensen

Faculty Publications

Fully compliant bistable micromechanisms (FCBMs) have potential use in numerous applications, including switches, relays, shutters, and low-power sensing arrays. Two-dimensional finite element models for these FCBMs have been used in device analysis and design, and provided an adequate match to preliminary experimental data. However, with more extensive experimentation over a large range of designs, some results proved to be radically different than predicted, with trends not consistent with effects such as stiction or electrostatic forces. Two different types of behavior, Behavior 1 and Behavior 2, are observed and explained, only one of which is predicted by 2-D models. This paper …

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Windsat Passive Microwave Polarimetric Signatures Of The Greenland Ice Sheet, David G. Long, Li Li, Peter Gaiser, Mary R. Albert, Elizabeth M. Twarog Sep 2008

Windsat Passive Microwave Polarimetric Signatures Of The Greenland Ice Sheet, David G. Long, Li Li, Peter Gaiser, Mary R. Albert, Elizabeth M. Twarog

Faculty Publications

WindSat has systematically collected the first global fully polarimetric passive microwave data over both land and ocean. As the first spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometer, it was designed to measure ocean surface wind speed and direction by including the third and fourth Stokes parameters, which are mostly related to the asymmetric structures of the ocean surface roughness. Although designed for wind vector retrieval, WindSat data are also collected over land and ice, and this new data has revealed, for the first time, significant land signals in the third and fourth Stokes parameter channels, particularly over Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets. …

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Tooth Engagement Evaluation Of Involute Spline Couplings, Robert R. Robins Aug 2008

Tooth Engagement Evaluation Of Involute Spline Couplings, Robert R. Robins

Theses and Dissertations

Spline couplings are used in applications involving high torque; however, due to variations in teeth clearances, all teeth in spline couplings do not engage simultaneously, causing some of the teeth to carry a disproportionately large portion of the total load. Variations in tooth-to-tooth clearances mean the first pair of teeth to engage will carry more load and fail sooner. This has lead to an industry practice of designing splines around the criteria that only 25-50% of the teeth on a spline coupling will engage and carry the load, and the load is generally assumed to be uniformly distributed. This research …

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High-Level, Product Type-Specific Programmatic Operations For Streamlining Associative Computer-Aided Design, Nathan W. Scott Aug 2008

High-Level, Product Type-Specific Programmatic Operations For Streamlining Associative Computer-Aided Design, Nathan W. Scott

Theses and Dissertations

Research in the field of Computer Aided Design (CAD) has long focused on reducing the time and effort required of engineers to define three dimensional digital product models. Parametric, feature-based modeling with inter-part associativity allows complex assembly designs to be defined and re-defined while maintaining the vital part-to-part interface relationships. The top-down modeling method which uses assembly level control structures to drive child level geometry has proved valuable in maintaining these interfaces. Creating robust parametric models like these, however, is very time consuming especially since there can be hundreds of features and thousands of mathematical expressions to create. Even if …

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Optimization Constrained Cad Framework With Iso-Performing Design Generator, Kelly Eric Bowman Aug 2008

Optimization Constrained Cad Framework With Iso-Performing Design Generator, Kelly Eric Bowman

Theses and Dissertations

Design decisions have a large impact early in the design process. Optimization methods can help engineers improve their early decision making, however, design problems are often ill-posed for optimization at this early stage. This thesis develops engineering methods to use optimization during embodiment design, despite these difficulties. One common difficulty in designing mechanical systems is in handling the effects that design changes in one subsystem have on another. This is made more difficult in early engineering design, when design information is preliminary. Increased efforts have been made to use numerical optimization methods in early engineering design – because of the …

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In-Plane Photonic Transduction Of Silicon-On-Insulator Microcantilevers, Ryan Anderson, Seunghyun Kim, Gregory P. Nordin, Jong Wook Noh, Jaime Cardenas Aug 2008

In-Plane Photonic Transduction Of Silicon-On-Insulator Microcantilevers, Ryan Anderson, Seunghyun Kim, Gregory P. Nordin, Jong Wook Noh, Jaime Cardenas

Faculty Publications

We demonstrate an in-plane photonic transduction method for microcantilevers, which have been widely investigated for sensor applications. In our approach the microcantilever is etched to form a single mode rib waveguide. Light propagates down the microcantilever and crosses a small gap at the free end of the microcantilever, some of which is captured by an asymmetrical multimode waveguide that terminates in a Y-branch. The Y-branch outputs are used to form a differential signal that is monotonically dependent on microcantilever deflection. The measured differential signal matches simulation when microcantilever rotation is properly accounted for. The measured differential signal sensitivity is 1.4 …

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